必修第二册 UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE（word教参）-【导学教程】2025年英语新编高考大一轮总复习（北师大版）

主题语境：人与自然——灾害与防范 [词汇梳理] [对应学生用书P59] 核心词汇 1．a huge wave 巨浪 2．escape being punished 逃脱惩罚 3．the only one to survive the plane crash飞机失事的唯一幸存者 4．Poetry helps to interpret life. 诗有助于阐释人生的意义。 5．the window of the soul 心灵之窗 6．a frightened hedgehog 一只受惊吓的刺猬 7．horrible crime 令人发指的罪行 8．on the edge of the town 在城市的边缘 9．curious to know where he stays想知道他待在哪儿 10．scientific observation 科学观察 11．equal difficulty 相同的难度 12．comfortable journey 舒适的旅行 13．open the eyes in the darkness 在黑暗中睁开眼睛 14．enough preparation 充分的准备 15．brilliant explorers 杰出的探险家 16．captain of industry 工业界的巨头 17．the first woman to_get gold medal 第一位获得金牌的女性 18．a novel based on historical facts 一部以史实为依据的小说 19．wait anxiously 焦急地等待 20．realize their dreams 实现他们的梦想 拓展词汇 1．crowded adj.拥挤的；挤满人的→crowd n．人群 2．eruption n．爆发→erupt v．爆发 3．living adj.活的，活着的→live v．居住；生存，活着；生活 adj.实况转播的，现场直播的→lively adj.活泼的；生动的；生气勃勃的 4．shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信 n．休克；震惊；令人震惊的事→shocking adj.令人震惊的；可怕的→shocked adj.震惊的；震撼的 5．mystery n．神秘事物，难以理解的事物→mysterious adj.奇怪的；神秘的；不易解释的 6．survive vi.& vt.活下来；幸存→survival n．幸存；生存→survivor n．幸存者 7．poetry n．诗歌；作诗的艺术→poem n．诗歌 (单首)→poet n．诗人 8．frightened adj.受惊的；害怕的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的；令人害怕的→frighten vt.使惊吓；使害怕 9．horrible adj.可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的→horrify v．使恐惧；使惊骇；使反感→horror n．恐怖；战栗；厌恶；震惊→horrified adj.(表现出)恐惧的 10．curious adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地；奇异地→curiosity n．好奇心；好奇；稀奇的人或物 11．observation n．观察；观察结果→observe v．观察；遵守；注意到→observer n．观察者 12．equal adj.相等的；相同的 vt.比得上；等于→equally adv.相等地；同样地；平等地→equality n．同等；平等 13．explorer n．探险者；勘察者→explore v．探测；探险→exploration n．探险；探索；勘探；探测 14．polar adj.极地的，地极的→pole n．杆；柱；极点 15．base n．基地， 大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地→basement n．根基；地下室→basic adj.基本的；基础的 16．anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地→anxious adj.渴望的；忧虑的→anxiety n．焦虑；担心；渴望 17．ambition n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿→ambitious adj.有雄心的；野心勃勃的→ambitiously adv.雄心勃勃地 18．cheerful adj.高兴的， 兴高采烈的→cheer n．欢呼；激励；愉快 vt.鼓舞；加油；快活起来 19．distant adj.久远的；遥远的→distance n．距离；路程；远方,20.continent n．洲， 大洲；大陆→continental adj.大陆的，大陆性的 21．honesty n．坦诚；诚实，正直→honest adj.诚实的；正直的；坦率的→honestly adv.诚实地；老实地 22．sincerity n．真诚，真挚，诚实→sincere adj.真诚的；诚挚的→sincerely adv.真诚地；真心地 23．bravery n．勇气；勇敢的行为→brave adj.勇敢的；英勇的 识记词汇 标记熟悉单词，回查陌生单词 □disaster　□flood　□drought　□hurricane　□landslide □volcanic □brochure □originality □eruption □comment □landscape □weed □dolphin □kangaroo □sincerity □metal □climate □ecology □jungle □whirlpool □descent □poetry □continent □shelter □mystery □extent □tube □vehicle □overseas □site □process □ambition [短语再现] 高频短语 1．on_my_way_to the garden 在我去花园的途中 2．turn_his_back_on his father's advice 对……置之不理 3．was_shocked_by the murders 对……感到震惊 4．comment_on government education policy 对……的评论 5．millions_of viewers 数百万 6．be_known_for red wine 因……而著名 7．be_covered_with thick snow 被……覆盖 8．fall_into the river 落入，掉入 9．in_the_direction_of school 朝着……的方向 10．on_the_edge_of the whirlpool 在……的边缘 11．become/be_curious_about the incident 对……感到好奇 12．tie myself to a barrel 把……拴在……上 13．pick_up his knife and fork 捡起，拾起 14．receive_a_message from my teacher 收到一条讯息 15．in_preparation_for the college entrance examination 为……做准备 16．run_out_of money 用光 17．carry_on our conversation 继续 语境运用 1．The road was_covered_with snow. 2．During the Depression, millions_of the unemployed wandered around in the streets. 3．Instead of walking a few blocks to pick_up a child, adults send the self­driving minibus. 4．You can have your bike tied_to a tree so as to prevent it from being stolen. 5．The house was quite quiet; all_at_once,_there was someone knocking on the door. 6．Towards evening, Dick found himself walking in_the_direction_of the mountain village. 7．I was really curious_about how to operate this little gadget on the desk. 8．I have run_out_of patience with her. 9．He is busy preparing_for the final exam. 10．He has made his mind to carry_on studying English. 11．I'm a little worried because my money is running_out． [日积月累·联想发散] “优缺点”都想到 盘点后缀or表示人的名词 “in＋n.＋of”结构大集合 ①strength 优势 weakness 劣势 ②advantage 优势；长处 disadvantage 劣势；弱点 ③virtue 优点 shortcoming 缺点 ①competitor 竞争者；对手 ②inventor 发明家 ③editor 编辑 ④translator 翻译家 ⑤operator 操作员 ⑥director 指挥；导演 ①in honour of 为了纪念 ②in search of 寻找 ③in memory of 为了纪念 ④in favor of 支持；赞同 ⑤in place of 代替；取代 ⑥in view of 鉴于；考虑到 [句式回顾] 教材原句背诵 句式结构仿写 1．the＋比较级，the＋比较级，表示“越……越……” The first，the larger the bodies were, the more rapidly they fell (物体越大，下沉越快). 2．完全倒装句 Then came(接着) the total darkness of the polar winter. 3．have＋宾语＋宾补 He had teams of dogs pulling (用了几队狗来拉) the sledges and all his men were on skis. 4．动名词短语作主语 Putting on our shoes (穿鞋) in the morning is getting slower and slower. 1．The_more you read, the_more knowledge you will get. 你读的书越多，获得的知识就越多。 2．At_the_foot_of_the_mountain_lies a small village. 山脚下坐落着一个小山村。 3．I_have_my_computer_repaired． 我找人把我的电脑修理好了。 4．Finding_work is difficult these days. 现今找工作不容易。 [核心单词][对应学生用书P61] flood n. 洪水，水灾 v. (flooded, flooded, flooding) 淹没，(使)泛滥，挤满，充满 (1)in flood泛滥，(河水)上涨 a flood of大量 (2)flood in/into大量涌入 be flooded with 充满 flood sb out (洪水)迫使某人离开家园 flood sb with questions用大量的问题问某人 ①The room was at once flooded with light. ②Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see，and their answer is often the same.(2023·全国甲卷) ③We can't cross the meadow there because the river is in flood. ④消息播出后，全国各地的电话像潮水般打过来。(读后续写之修辞) After the news was broadcast, telephone calls came flooding_in_from_all_over_the_country． comment n. 评论，意见 v. (commented, commented, commenting) 评论，注释 make a comment/comments on/about 对……做出评论 without comment 不予评论 no comment 无可奉告 offer comments提意见 ask for comments征求意见 ①A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere.(2023·浙江1月卷) ②Make comments (comment) only on the subjects you know well. ③Don't offer comments (comment) if you cannot understand the real meaning of life. ④他的评论让我觉得很奇怪。 His_comment_struck_me_as_strange． shock vt. (shocked, shocked, shocking)使震惊；使难以置信 (1)to one's shock令某人震惊的是 be a shock to使……吃惊 (2)be shocked at/by对……感到震惊 be shocked to do sth做某事很震惊 ①What is it that shocked (shock) Norman? ②All the students felt shocked (shock) after hearing the news. ③To my shock, he lost his passport on his visit to Australia. ④这位老妇人听说她的儿子在河中淹死了很震惊。(读后续写情绪描写) The_old_lady_was_shocked_to_hear_the_news_that_her_son_had_drowned_in_the_river． escape vi.&vt. (escaped, escaped, escaping)逃离；逃避 (1)escape (doing) sth逃避(做)某事 escape from 从……逃脱；逃避 sth(the name/date/title等) escapes sb 某人记不起某事(名字/日期/名称等) escape sb's attention/notice 逃过某人的注意 (2)a narrow escape 九死一生；死里逃生 ①The adult bees were angry and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree.(2023·浙江1月卷) ②You are fortunate enough to escape being_killed (kill) in the accident. Now, the escaped (escape) driver has been arrested. ③There's gas escaping (escape) from the pipe. Can you smell it? ④最后，我们九死一生，幸运地没有被那头饥饿的北极熊伤害到。(浙江7月卷，读后续写) At last，we had_a_narrow_escape，fortunately escaping_being_hurt by the hungry polar bear. survive vi.&vt. (survived, survived, surviving)活下来，幸存 survive sth 幸免于；从……中挺过来/活过来 survive on...依靠……生存下来 survive from... 从……中存活/流传下来 A survive(s) B (by...)A比B活得长(……) ①Life isn't about how to_survive(survive) the storm；it's about learning to dance in the rain. (读后续写之升华句) ②The movie is about survival and the choices we all make when we want to survive,_in which the survivors have much difficulty in surviving. (survive) ③The activity enables us to have a good knowledge of the old custom which has_survived (survive) into the twenty­first century. 句式升级(用非谓语动词作定语升级句③) ④The activity enables us to have a good knowledge of the_old_custom_surviving_into_the_twenty­first_century． ⑤She remained energetic and survived_her_husband_by_10_years (比她丈夫多活了十年). ⑥没有海洋，任何生物都无法生存，包括人类。(2022·全国甲卷，书面表达) Without the oceans, no_living_things_would_survive,_humans included. [点津]　不能说He survived from/after/in the accident. curious adj. 好奇的 (1)be curious about... 对……感到好奇 be curious to do sth渴望/好奇地做某事 (2)out of curiosity出于好奇 with curiosity 好奇地 meet/satisfy one's curiosity 满足某人的好奇心 ①Trade and curiosity(curious) have often formed the foundation of mankind's greatest achievements.(人教选必四U3) ②As the curious boy looked at the box curiously,_I opened it just to satisfy his curiosity．(curious) ③I was curious to_know (know) more about it, so I went to the library to consult books. 句式升级(用形容词短语作状语升级句③) ④Curious_to_know_more_about_it,_I_went_to_the_library_to_consult_books． ⑤如果你对我们学校的历史感兴趣，你一定不要错过这个机会！(应用文之邀请信) If_you_are_curious_about_the_history_of_our_school，you mustn't miss the chance! equal adj. 相等的；相同的 (1)be equal to (doing) sth 能胜任；比得上；等于 feel equal to doing sth 感觉有能力做某事 (2)A equals B (in...)A(在……方面)比得上B (3)without equal/have no equal 无与伦比 (4)be of equal importance/be equally important 同样重要 ①Long­lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally (equal)contact and share with one another.(2022·全国乙卷) ②Prices should become more stable when supply equals (equal) demand. ③I'm not sure whether he's equal to the task. ④我确信我能胜任做这个国画展的志愿者。(全国Ⅰ卷，申请信) I am convinced that I am_equal_to_being a volunteer for the Chinese painting exhibition. rescue n．&vt. (rescued, rescued, rescuing)营救；救援 (1)rescue...from...把……从……营救出 (2)come to one's rescue 来营救某人 (3)rescuer n. 救援者；救助者 ①My classmate rescued me from an embarrassing situation. ②A wealthy businessman came_to_their_rescue (来援救他们) with a generous donation. ③是这个勇敢的年轻人将那个可怜的老人从着火的房子中救出来的。 It_was_the_brave_young_man_that_rescued_the_poor_old_man_from_the_burning_house． trap vt. (trapped, trapped, trapping) 困住；使陷入危险中 (1)trap sb into (doing) sth 使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套；使某人中计 be/get trapped in... 被困在……中 (2)lay/set a trap for...为……设下圈套 fall/walk into a trap落入圈套 be caught in a trap落入圈套 ①Trapped (trap) in a net around the rock, the dolphin wasn't able to swim up to get air.(2024·石家庄调研) ②The old man was trapped into buying (buy) a second­hand TV set. ③我读英语时，经常被一些不认识的单词难住。 I'm_often_trapped_in_some_unfamiliar/unknown_words_when_reading_English． ④大楼倒塌时，几十个人被困在瓦砾中。 Dozens of people were_trapped_in the rubble when the building collapsed. attempt n．&vt. (attempted, attempted, attempting) 努力，尝试；企图 (1)make an attempt to do/at doing sth试图做某事 at the first attempt 第一次尝试 in an attempt to do sth 为了做某事；努力做某事 (2)attempt to do sth 努力做某事；企图做某事 ①All attempts by the experts to_cure (cure) him failed. ②The plan was so impractical that no attempt was_made (make) to realize it. ③He attempted to_swim (swim) across the river，but failed. ④我们第一次尝试没能把爆米花卖出去，这使我们既沮丧又悲伤。(新高考全国Ⅰ卷，读后续写) We_failed_to_sell_popcorn_at_the_first_attempt，which made us depressed and sad. loss n. 丧失；死亡 (1)at a loss 困惑；不知所措 (2)lose face/heart/weight 丢面子/灰心/减肥 lose one's way ＝ be/get lost 迷路 (be) lost in thought 陷入沉思 ①I am at a loss how to find my lost wallet, so I have to turn to you for help. (lose) ②Looking back, I feel I wouldn't be able to ride a bike if I had lost_heart (失去信心). ③He was_lost_in_reading (专心读书) so that he didn't notice his friend coming. 句式升级(按要求升级句③) ④Losing_himself_in_reading,_he_didn't_notice_his_friend_coming. (现在分词作状语) ⑤Lost_in_reading,_he_didn't_notice_his_friend_coming. (过去分词作状语) damage n. 伤害，损伤，损害 v. (damaged, damaged, damaging) 损害，毁坏 (1)do/cause damage to 对……造成损害 (2)damage one's health 损害某人的健康 ①The flood did a lot of damage to the crops. ②Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam, I fell onto the stones, damaging (damage) a nerve in my hand.(2021·全国甲卷) ③A terrible fire broke out on Sunday night, leaving the Henderson Tower seriously damaged(damage).(译林选必2U1) ④吸烟严重损害你的健康。 Smoking_damages_your_health_badly． measure vt. (measured, measured, measuring)估量，衡量；测量 (1)measure...by... 用……来衡量…… be measured by/in... 用……来衡量/计算 measure sb for sth 给某人量(衣服)尺寸 (2)take measures/steps/action to do sth采取措施做某事 make sth to sb's measure 照某人的尺寸做 ①It's generally acknowledged that education shouldn't be_measured (measure) only by examination results. ②She was_being_measured (measure) for her wedding dress when I called her. ③We rode along the river measuring(measure) over 500 meters long until we finally reached the farm.(2023·浙江卷，读后续写) ④我们必须采取有效措施来保护海洋免受进一步的污染。(2022·全国甲卷，书面表达) Effective measures must_be_taken_to_protect_the_oceans from being further polluted. [点津]　(1)measure表“措施”时，应用复数形式。 (2)measure表“有……长(宽、高等)”时，是系动词，后跟测量的结果，不用于被动语态及进行时态。 process n．过程，进程 v. (processed, processed, processing) 加工，处理 (1)in the process 与此同时，在进程中 be in the process of (doing) sth 在(做)某事的过程中；在进行……中 (2)processed food 加工过的食品 (3)process into 列队进入 ①The administration is in the process of drawing up a peace plan. ②Grocery stores sell many processed (process) foods. ③The students processed into the lecture hall. ④他一直在不断地改写他的材料。 He was in_a_continuous_process_of rewriting his material. protection n. 保护；防护 (1)under the protection of在……的保护下 (2)protect...from...保护……不受；使……免于…… protect...against...防止……遭受…… ①This hat can give protection from the sun. ②Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental protection (protect).(2022·全国甲卷) ③Exercise will not only lower blood pressure but possibly protect against heart attacks. ④他举起手臂去保护他的孩子免受伤害。 He_raised_his_arm_to_protect_his_child_from_being_hurt． breathe vi.&vt. (breathed, breathed, breathing)呼吸 breath n. 呼吸 (1)breathe in/out 吸气/呼气 breathe a sigh of relief 如释重负；松了口气 (2)hold one's breath 屏住呼吸 catch one's breath 喘息；平复呼吸 lose one's breath 喘不过气来 take a deep breath 深呼吸 take sb's breath away 令某人惊叹 out of breath 上气不接下气 (3)breathtaking adj. 激动人心的；惊人的；令人惊叹的 ①Humans breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. ②When we paused to catch our breath (breathe), Steve got down on one knee.(2022·全国甲卷) ③We had great difficulty breathing (breathe), for the air was thin. ④I can hold_my_breath(屏住呼吸) for about one minute. ⑤我们上气不接下气地到了山顶，从山顶眺望，景色美得令人惊叹。(读后续写动作描写) Out_of_breath,_we reached the top of the mountain, from_where_the_view_took_our_breath_away． prove vt. (proved, proved, proving)证明；证实 (1)prove sth to sb 向某人证明某事 prove (to be)＋n./adj. 原来是，证明是 It is proved that...据证明……，据证实…… (2)There's (no) proof that... (没)有证据证明…… ①It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, has_proved/has_proven (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.(2021·浙江卷) ②He proved reliable (rely) so we believed in him. ③People have proved that eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. 句式升级(用主语从句升级句③) ④It_has_been_proved_that_eating_vegetables_in_childhood_helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. [点津]　当prove作为系动词，表示“证明是，结果是……”时，无被动语态，要用主动形式表示被动意义。 observe vt. (observed, observed, observing)观察；注意 (1)observe sb do sth 观察某人做某事(全过程) observe sb doing sth 观察某人正在做某事 observe sb/sth done...观察到某人/物被……(被动的动作) observe the traffic rules 遵守交通规则 observe the Spring Festival 过春节 (2)under observation 正在被观察 ①She is a careful observer with an outstanding ability of observation. However, when observing the unique style of the painting, she failed to see the notice on the wall, saying“Please observe the rule and do not come close.”(observe) ②He observed a stranger enter (enter) the building a moment ago, but he didn't recognize him. ③When walking the dog, she observed a man running (run) along the street. ④农历五月初五是端午节。 The_Dragon_Boat_Festival_is_observed_on_the_5th_day_of_the_fifth_lunar_month. (被动句) ⑤在泰山之巅，人们兴奋地观看太阳从海上升起。(读后续写景色描写) On the top of Mountain Tai, people excitedly observed_the_sun_rising_from the sea. harmless adj. 无害的 (1)be harmful/harmless to...对……有/无害 (2)harm sth 损害某物 harm one's health/image/reputation 损害某人的健康/形象/名誉 (3)do/cause harm to sb＝do/cause sb harm 对某人造成损害/伤害 There is no harm in doing sth 做某事没有害处 mean no harm 没有恶意 ①The bacteria are harmless to humans. ②I would not want to deny their harmless (harm) pleasure. ③There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful (harm) gases，such as carbon dioxide.(2023·全国乙卷) ④There is no harm in doing that. ⑤众所周知，沉溺于手机有害健康。(倡议书) What is known is that being addicted to cellphones does_harm_to/is_harmful_to/harms health. 词形转换 用所给词的正确形式填空，注意特殊词形变化 1．We should make powerful ________ (prepare) before the horrible hurricane comes. 解析　preparations　powerful是形容词，用来修饰名词，故填preparations。 2．(2021·天津卷)Music and art, when used in hospitals, help to improve the conditions of patients by reducing stress, ________ (anxious) and blood pressure. 解析　anxiety　与stress和blood pressure并列，名词anxiety。 3．He worked hard overseas, attempting to achieve his ________ (ambitious) of becoming a millionaire. 解析　ambition　his是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词，故填ambition。 4．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an ________ (explore)，not as a complete highway. 解析　exploration　设空前面有不定冠词an, 后接名词，故填exploration。 5．(2023·浙江1月卷)I watched the humming bird hovering gracefully in the air and smiled with relief—this tiny creature was back to her old lively and ________ (cheer) self! 解析　cheerful　用形容词修饰名词self。 6．(2023·全国甲卷)Their recovery has been so successful that the U．S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de­list grizzlies，which would loosen legal ________(protect) and allow them to be hunted. 解析　protection　由形容词legal作定语可知此处应用名词。 动词的形式变化和固定用法 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式(注意不规则动词的形式变化) 1．The lecture hall is ________ (crowd) with people who attempt to know more about ecology. 解析　crowded　be crowded with是固定结构，意为“挤满……”。 2．We were ________ (shock) to learn that his brother was lost in the volcanic eruption. 解析　shocked　根据句意“我们感到震惊”，应用­ed结尾的形容词，故填shocked。 3．It is a pity that the kangaroo didn't escape ________the hunter's shot. 解析　from　escape from是固定结构，意思是“从……逃脱”。 4．Walking alone in the jungle with the horrible sounds around her, the girl was ________ (frighten). 解析　frightened　根据句意“女孩感到害怕”，应用­ed结尾的形容词，故填frightened。 5．The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that ________ (survive) China's long history. 解析　has survived　设空在定语从句中作谓语，根据语境应用现在完成时。 6．We can rule out that the dogs simply distinguish between the pictures ________ (base) on a simple cue, such as the sight of teeth. 解析　based　be based on是固定结构，意为“以……为基础”，设空处考查非谓语作定语，故填based。 熟词生义 写出黑体词的汉语意思 1．It was a shame for me to be lectured in front of the whole class.训斥 2．The emperor conferred(授予) a title on the brave soldier.头衔，称号 3．He is seeking a large sum of damages from the airline for personal injury.赔偿金 4．“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house，” says Kathryn Whitehead.提出 5．Several of those who survived the accident have been taken to hospital in a state of shock.休克 6．I'm sorry, but your name escapes me.被遗忘 [短语和句型][对应学生用书P68] turn one's back (on sb/sth) 对……置之不理，对……撒手不管 turn in　 上交；交还；归还 turn on 打开 turn off 关掉；截断 turn up 到场，来到；开大 turn around 转身 turn down 拒绝；调小 turn out 出席；生产；证明是 ①An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) ②He tried to join the army but was turned down because of poor health. ③I turned up the volume and stood staring at the radio, holding my breath and waiting for the first notes of the song.(译林选必一U2) ④我们假定了每一个人都会应邀出席并就此作出安排。 We are working on the assumption that everyone invited will turn_up． run out 用完；耗尽 (1)run out of 　 用完，耗尽 (2)run for 竞选 run to sb 向某人求助 run into 撞上 run away 跑开 run across 偶然发现；不期而遇 (3)use up 用完，耗尽 ①The earth's resources are_running (run) out at an alarming rate. ②We thought it would be best to go home before our money ran (run) out. ③I have run out of patience with her. ④我已经失去了所有的耐心，我开始勃然大怒。(读后续写之情绪描写) I had run_out_of_all_my_patience and I began to explode_with_anger． break down 停止运转，出故障 break in破门而入；打断(谈话等) break away from脱离，挣脱 break into强行闯入；突然……起来 break out (战争，火灾)爆发 break up(使)破碎；分手；分裂；(被)拆分 break off突然中止；结束(关系) ①He lost his job and his marriage broke up. Misfortunes never come alone. ②She made an attempt to break into journalism. ③She broke away from him and ran to the door. ④听到这个消息，他崩溃了，眼泪从脸颊流下来。(读后续写神态描写) He_broke_down_at_the_news,_tears pouring down his cheeks. be home to 是……的产地/栖息地/发源地 at home and abroad国内外 feel at home感觉舒适，不拘束 make oneself at home别客气，别拘束 be the home of是……的产地/发源地/栖息地 ①They feel at home with each other. ②Changbai Mountain is home to a great diversity of plants and animals. ③Australia is the home of kangaroos. ④国内外报纸都不理会这一事件。 Newspapers at_home_and_abroad ignored the incident. as if...“仿佛……，好像……”，引导方式状语从句 当从句描述的情况是事实时，从句中的谓语动词需用陈述语气；当从句描述的情况与事实不符时，从句中的谓语动词需用虚拟语气。使用虚拟语气时，as if从句的谓语动词形式分为三种情况： 与现在事实不符，用过去式(be动词用were) 与过去事实不符，用had＋过去分词 与将来事实不符，用would/could/might/should＋动词原形 (教材原句)I felt sick, as if I was falling from a mountain top in a dream. 我觉得恶心，好像在梦中从山顶上掉下来似的。 ①After singing some songs, the competitors danced onto the green field, waving their arms in the air as if they were(be) eagles.(人教必修三U1) ②Robert behaved as if nothing had_happened (happen). ③在明亮的阳光下，湖面看起来好像点缀着闪闪发光的钻石。(读后续写之景色描写) In the bright sunlight the surface of the lake looks as_if_it_were_dotted_with shining diamonds. ④他张开嘴好像要说什么。 He opened his mouth as_if_he_would_say_something． 完全倒装 (1)here, there, now, then等地点或时间副词位于句首，谓语动词是be, come, go, remain, lie, run等，且主语为名词时，句子用完全倒装。 (2)表示运动方向的副词out, in, up, down, away等位于句首，谓语是表示运动的动词，且主语为名词时，句子用完全倒装。 (3)such作表语，位于句首，意为“……就是如此”，句子用完全倒装。 (4)表示地点的介词短语位于句首或强调地点或为保持句子平衡，且句子的谓语是表示存在意义的动词(lie, stand, exist, live, sit等)时，句子用完全倒装。 (5)作表语的形容词、分词或介词短语位于句首时，句子用“表语＋连系动词＋主语”结构。 (教材原句)Then came the total darkness of the polar winter. 接着漆黑的极地冬天来临了。 ①There goes (go) the last bus. ②In front of the classroom stands (stand) a tall tree. ③There is (be) some money in my pocket. ④几个星期后，当我几乎忘记比赛的时候，传来了消息。(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，读后续写) A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there_came_the_news． [点津]　(1)在完全倒装句式中，谓语动词的数要与后面主语的数一致。 (2)完全倒装的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。 固定搭配和句式 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 1．(2023·全国甲卷)I was about 13 ________ an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder's Sophie's World. 解析　when　when引导时间状语从句。 2．The reason ________I love western music is that the piece of music has inspired me a lot when I am in difficulty. 解析　why　the reason why...is/was that是固定结构，意为“……的原因是”。 3．With my money running ________， I have to ask my sister to do me a favour by lending me a few dollars. 解析　out　run out是固定结构，意为“用完；耗尽”。 4．To make matters worse, his vehicle broke ________at a location where no help was accessible. 解析　down　break down 是固定结构，意为“坏了；抛锚”。 5．________ (lose) in thought, he even didn't notice me when I entered the room. 解析　Lost　be lost in thought是固定结构，意为“陷入深思”。设空处考查非谓语动词，故填lost作状语。 6．In addition, taking a deep ________ (breathe) before taking an exam can help you relieve your stress. 解析　breath　take a deep breath是固定结构，意为“深吸一口气”。 短语填空 make use of; carry on; stay away from; breathe in; run out; break down; make progress; in preparation for; be made up of; be based on 1．You can make_use_of your spare time to do the work. 2．The doctor told him to stay_away_from such foods and drinks. 3．It can't be more harmful to breathe_in such polluted air. 4．The food has run_out so his children are hungry. 5．Let's collect new material in_preparation_for the experiment. 6．I hope we can make_progress in the coming year. 7．Her bravery has given him the will to carry_on with his life and his work. 8．My car broke_down suddenly when I was driving along the road. 9．The medical team is_made_up_of five doctors and ten nurses. 10．The report is_based_on the analysis of these problems. 微写作 根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇 In fact, it was out of curiosity that I attended the lecture given by a 1.famous_explorer (著名的探险家), who had just returned from a 2.distant_continent (偏远的大陆). Expecting to hear many horrible experiences and mysteries, I went to the site cheerfully. He indeed shared some stories, in one of which his vehicle 3.broke_down (抛锚) in the polar area because the gas 4.had_run_out (耗尽) in the snowstorm, he 5.attempted_to (试图) call for rescue through the phone, but it proved useless. Cold and hungry, he was faced with death several times. Luckily, he found shelter in a nearby base 6.where_he_got_necessary_help_for_survival (在那里他获得了生存的必要帮助). [对应学生用书P70] 应用文写作运用 事件报道——台风后救灾场景 1．利用本单元所学知识完成句子 (1)台风是经常袭击中国东南部地区的可怕自然灾害。 Typhoon is a_terrible_natural_disaster that often strikes southeastern parts of China. (2)台风登陆时，会带来强风和暴雨。 When the typhoon lands, there_will_be_strong_winds_along_with_heavy_rain． (3)许多大树被刮倒，很多房屋、街道被淹没，交通受到严重影响。(用v.­ing 短语作状语) Many tall trees are blown down, and a lot of houses and streets will be flooded by water, making_the_traffic_affected_seriously． (4)尽管台风带来了巨大损失，当地政府和居民开始重建家园。(用动词的过去分词短语作定语) In spite of the heavy loss caused_by_the_typhoon，the local government and residents begin to rebuild their homes. (5)我们一定要注意加强台风防范，尽量把它们带来的损失减到最少。 We should pay_enough_attention_to typhoons and try_to_reduce_the_loss caused by them. 2．使用恰当的过渡衔接词连句成篇 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ One possible version： Survival after the typhoon Typhoon is a terrible natural disaster that often strikes southeastern parts of China.It has been threatening human beings of all time. When the typhoon lands, there will be strong winds along with heavy rain.At the same time, many tall trees are blown down and a lot of houses and streets will be flooded by water, making the traffic affected seriously.It can cause great damage to property and people's lives.It seems that everything is destroyed. In spite of the heavy loss caused by the typhoon, the local government and residents begin to rebuild their homes.We should pay enough attention to typhoons and try to reduce the loss caused by them. 续写能力提升 动作描写 anticipate v．期待；预期 weaken v．(使)虚弱 cram v．挤满 lean v．倚，靠 possession n．财物，财产→possess vt.拥有；具有；支配 recognition n．承认；认可；认出→recognize v．辨认出；承认；意识到 人物描写 pessimistic adj.悲观的；悲观主义的 abnormal adj.不正常的，反常的 despair n．绝望 instinctively adv.本能地 absurd adj.荒唐的，愚蠢的 其他描写词汇 widespread adj.广泛流传的；分布广的 outstretched adj.张开的，伸开的 transparent adj.透明的 请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段并背诵该语段。 Jimmy's bar 1.was_crammed_with (挤满了)people. Suddenly，a woman claimed her wallet was lost, 2.inside_which_was_her_most_important_possession(里面是她最重要的物品)—a wedding ring. She was 3.in_despair(陷入了绝望).Jimmy searched cameras. A boy named Oliver was recognized. Jimmy leaned back in his chair，lost in thought. It's time to do something，he thought. Finally he found Oliver and asked 4.with_his_hand_outstretched(伸出手)，“Would you like to work in my bar？” The boy widened his eyes，surprise written over his face. “Yes，Jimmy！I will work as hard 5.as_you_anticipate(像你期望的那样). And...sorry for taking the wallet，” Oliver responded with his head lowered. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$