押上海卷71题 概要写作 - 备战2024年高考英语临考题号押题（上海专用）

押上海卷71题 概要写作 【题型解读】 概要写作是2017年上海英语高考的新增题型。从定义出发，概要写作即用简洁的语言概述文章的主比内容。从特点而言，其一强调语言的简洁性；其二要求摒弃作者自己的观点或评论，完全遵循文本的观点；其三要求用作者独立的语言，杜绝照搬原文词句。就其功能而言，不仅训练学习者抓住文章主旨信息的力，也有助于提升学习者简洁、清晰、有效地表达观点的能力，这对于之后的工作学习都有实用性功能。 就上海英语高考概要写作的文本而言，往往以说明文、记叙文或调查研究类文本呈现，字数在300，题材可读性强，往往是与生活息息相关或代表当今新科技或生活导向，考查学生在有限的时间内，在60字以内缩写的综合能力。 【答题点津】 概要写作主要考查的是提炼和概括，概括占据了关键性的地位；测试考生主体信息的把握能力和段落梳理的概括能力，测试考生释义和词句转换的语言能力。在进行概要写作时，考生应该遵循如下步骤： 1、通读全文，梳理段落结构。 概要写作不仅是具体信息的堆砌，更多的是提炼信息形成独立文本。 2、区别主要信息和次要信息。 有人认为定义、举例、引用为次要信息，这个观点有失偏颇，如2017年高考shyness，有同学认为第三自然段的Japan是举例，所以只收录了第一句topic sentence，而放弃了后面整段内容，导致失分。 3、不拘一格释义关键词句。 概要写作不可用原文词句，所以考生需要通过各种方式方法诠释文本词句，如同义词法，词性转换法，句式转换抑或是巧妙运用语法规则。 4、校对审查。 和其他写作一样，概要写作也需要考生的审查和校对，检查是否存在拼写语法错误，是否超过字数，是否已把所有要点收录进去，是否存在使用原文词句等等。 1．【2023年6月上海英语高考真题】 Teenagers should be pulled of the sofa For many years, scientists thought that the human brain was fully mature before the teen years. They thought that a person's brain growth was complete and the structure was more or less fixed by the age of 3. However, more recent research shows that although the brain reaches its maximum size between the ages of 12 and 14, brain development is not yet complete. The brain's functionally different sections communicate with each other through synapses- connections between nerve(神经)cells.Scientists have found that synapses grow or die away, depending on how much they are used to process information, The good news is that teenagers do have the potential, through choice and behavior , to shape their brain development. The brain automatically gets rid of the synapses that it doesn't need in order to make the remaining ones more efficient. During the time the brain is removing synapses , the cells and connections that are used survive, while the ones that are not used die away. For example , if a teenager is doing music , sports or academic studies, those are the cells and connections that will become part of the brain's operating system. But unfortunately, if he or she is lying on the sofa, watching T