内容正文:
2024年中考英语最后读记练(通用版)
06.动词的语态
【要点读记】
一、知识概览
定义:英语有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者,被动语态主语是谓语动作的承受者,其构成为“be+过去分词”。
例如:They will widen the road.(主动)
The road will be widened.(被动)
1、被动语态各种时态形式表
一般时态
进行时态
完成时态
现在
am/is/are asked
am/is/are being asked
has/have been asked
过去
was/were asked
was/were being asked
had been asked
将来
shall/will asked
shall/will have been asked
过去将来
shall/would be asked
shall/would have been asked
2、情态动词的被动语态
一般式:情态动词(can,could,may,might,must,should,need等)+be+过去分词
完成式:情态动词(can,could,may,might,must,should,need等)+have+been+过去分词
例句:This can be done by hand.这可以手工做。
This mustn't be neglected.这一点不可忽视。
1. be going to等不定式结构的被动形式
这类不定式结构的被动形式为:
be going to /ought to/ be to /be bound to/ be sure to/be certain to/ be due to /be about to have/has to had to+be+过去分词
例句:The patient ought to be operated on at once.这病人应当立即动手术。
The flowers ought to be watered every other day.这些花应隔天浇一次水。
1. 使用被动语态的注意点
1、不及物动词不能用于被动语态
appear,rise,die,happen,occur,lie,depart等都属此类动词。
例如:Many accidents occur in the home.许多事故都发生在家中。
1. 表示某种状态或情况,有“拥有、容纳、适合、缺少明白”等意,这类动词不能用于被动语态。
常见的有:lack,fit,med hold,have,resemble,cost,equal,contain,suit,
comprise,become,last,possess,benefit befit,suffice,suffer,befall降临,fail,consist of,look like,fell like,belong to等。
例如She was having a bath.她在洗澡。
注意:
①当have作“吃,接收,经历,度过”解时,虽用作行为动词,但一般不用于被动语态。
例如,The children had a most enjoyable holiday.(正)
A most enjoyable holiday was had by the children.(误)
但当have作“得到,获得,欺骗”解,或同某些介词、副词结合构成及物性短语动词时,可用于被动语态。
例如:She has been had in the dealing/over the bargain.
她在那项交易/买卖中受骗了。
②become of不可用于被动语态。
③catch表示“挂住,夹住,钩住”时不可用于被动语态,但可以说get caught。
④add up to(合计达,总起来说)不可用于被动语态。
3、某些动词的进行时也可表示被动意义
常见的这类词有:bake,owe,brew,cook,print,bind,do,make等。
例如:The meat is cooking.肉在煮着。
The cakes are baking.蛋糕在烘。
4、不及物动词构成的短语动词能否用于被动语态
①及物动词构成的短语动词总是及物性的,故可以用于被动语态(注意不可省掉或漏掉介词或副词),如win over,give up,ask for,make mention of 等。但是,不及物动词构成的短语可以是及物性的,也可以是不及物性的,不及物性的短语动词不可用于被动语态,如 look up,look down等
例句:Things are looking up.(正)