2024年中考英语二轮复习 定语从句——关系代词的用法

定语从句( )——关系代词的用法 在复合句中对名词、代词、名词性短语、句子进行修饰、限定的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词、代词等称为先行词。引导定语从句的关系词有两种:关系代词和关系副词。关系代词和关系副词有三个作用:①引导从句;②指代先行词;③在定语从句中作成分。常见的关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等,常见的关系副词有where, when, why等。 考点1:关系代词的用法 关系代词who who指人,在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。 Here comes the girl who wants to see you. 想见你的那个女孩过来了。 Danny is a man who we should learn from. Danny是我们应该学习的一个人。 关系代词whom whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语,可省略,也可用who代替。 Rose is the person (whom/who) you should look after. 罗丝是你应该照顾的人。 关系代词whose whose一般指人,也可指物,在定语从句中作定语。whose=the+n.+of which/whom。 I know the man whose company produces computers. 我认识那个人,他的公司生产电脑。 关系代词which which一般指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语时可省略,但作介词的宾语,且介词提前时,不可省略。 China is a country which has a long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的国家。 关系代词as as用作关系代词,既可指人,也可指物。在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。它常用在the same...as, such...as..., as...as...等结构中,as不能省略。 Such teachers as know Tom think him bright. 那些认识汤姆的老师都认为他聪明。 I’ll buy the same dictionary as you have. 我要买和你的一样的词典。 关系代词that that既可指人,也可指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语时可省略。作介词宾语时,介词不可提到that之前,如介词提前时则需用which或whom来代替that。 The number of people that came to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。 The chair(that)you broke yesterd 考点2:定语从句中需注意的事项 只用that不用which的情况 (1)当先行词是all, much, anything, something, everything, nothing, little, none等不定代词时。 She told me everything that she knew. 她把她所知道的一切都告诉了我。 (2)当先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰,或先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 (3)当先行词被all, no, few, any, little, the very, the last, the only等词语修饰时。 I’ve read all the books that were borrowed from others. 我已经读了从别人那儿借来的所有的书。 Mr Smith is the only foreigner that she knows. 史密斯先生是她认识的唯一的外国人。 (4)当先行词既有人又有物时。 I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能清楚地记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 (5)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。 Which is the true story that he told us? 他给我们讲的哪一个故事是真实的? (6)当关系代词本身在定语从句中也作表语时。 He isn’t the boy that he was. 他不再是过去那个样子