UNIT 4 Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment-【金版新学案】2023-2024学年新教材高一英语选择性必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（译林版2020）

Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment ………………………………◎ ①reach out for 伸手去够；伸手去拿 ②dare vi.& vt.敢于，胆敢；激(某人做某事) ③for fear of 因为害怕…… ④dweller n．居民，居住者 ⑤striking adj.引人注目的，显著的；妩媚动人的，标致的 ⑥characterize (also characterise) vt.是……的特征，以……为典型，使……具有特点；描述，刻画 ⑦contribute to 促进；对……做出贡献 ⑧Confucianism n．儒家，儒学，孔子学说 ⑨Taoism n．道教，道家 ⑩legend n．传说，传奇故事；传奇人物 ⑪familiarize vt.熟悉；(使)了解 familiarize oneself with 使自己熟悉…… ⑫encounter vt.偶然碰到，意外地遇见；遭遇，碰到 n．相遇，遭遇，冲突 ⑬nourish vt.培养，助长；抚养，滋养 ⑭numerous adj.众多的，许多的 ⑮be rooted in 扎根于；根植于 ⑯glorious adj.荣耀的，光荣的；壮丽的，辉煌的 ⑰boom n．(贸易和经济活动的)激增，繁荣 vi.迅速发展，激增，繁荣昌盛 ⑱stability n．稳定(性)，稳固(性) ⑲tolerant adj.宽容的，容忍的；能耐……的 ⑳liberty n．自由 unconstrained adj.不受约束的，自由的 in turn 反过来；继而；转而 have an impact on 对……有影响 the majority of 大多数…… uninformed adj.不知情的；无知的；知识(或信息)贫乏的 breathe...into...给……注入…… vitality n．生命力，活力，热情 distinguish vt.& vi.成为……的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众 inseparable adj.不可分离的；(与某事物)分不开的 exaggeration n．夸张，夸大 metaphor n．暗喻，隐喻 representative adj.典型的，有代表性的 n．典型人物，代表性人物；代表 frost n．霜；霜冻，严寒天气 cast vt.(cast，cast) 投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投，抛；选派角色 n．全体演员；投，抛 be recognized as 被看作是；被公认为 owe vt.欠(情)；欠(债) debt n．人情债，情义，恩情；借款，欠款，债务 fascinate vt.& vi.深深吸引，迷住 entitle vt.(usually passive) 给……命名；使享有权利，使符合资格 ◎……………………………… Li Bai and his romantic poetry A hundred feet the temple towers； I can reach out for① the stars in the sky. But I dare② not speak in a voice loud， For fear of③ scaring dwellers④ on high. (“A Night Stay at a Mountain Temple”) It is believed that this poem was written by Li Bai in his teenage years.【1】 With striking⑤ imagination in expressions like “scaring dwellers on high”，this early poem already displayed signs of a romantic style，which was later to characterize⑥ Li Bai’s poetry 【2】． 【1】it作形式主语，that引导主语从句。 【2】which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词romantic style。 Li Bai’s love of reading and travelling from an early age contributed to⑦ his romantic style.He started studying the classics when he was only five years old，and was reading ancient philosophers of different schools at the age of ten，including Confucianism⑧ and Taoism⑨.By reading books of all kinds，from legends⑩ to historical stories，he familiarized⑪ himself with classical Chinese culture，and more importantly，he acquired the wisdom of previous generations. Driven by a burning desire for adventure and travel 【3】，Li Bai left home and started to travel around in his early twenties.His footsteps covered almost the whole country.During his travels，he visited famous mountains and great rivers，encountering⑫ different customs and practices【4】．These travelling experiences also nourished⑬ his love of nature and inspired him to write numerous⑭ poems in the romantic style. Li Bai’s romantic style was also deeply rooted in⑮ the social and historical context in which he lived【5】．Li Bai grew up in the most glorious⑯ period of the Tang Dynasty，a time of economic boom⑰ and social stability⑱.This open and tolerant⑲ atmosphere allowed Li Bai the liberty⑳ to develop a free and unconstrained personality，which，in turn，had a huge impact on his poetic production 【6】． 【5】in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词context。 【6】which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词personality。 Given his personal experiences and the historical background，it is only natural to see that the majority of Li Bai’s poems are characterized by the romantic style【7】．Even the most uninformed reader would not fail to be impressed by the poet’s rich imagination.The moon and stars in the sky，the natural landscape and the figures in legends all become a vehicle for his imagination.Equally impressive is Li Bai’s free expression of strong feelings【8】，which breathes vitality into the lifeless objects he describes，and which distinguishes him from other landscape poets【9】．These features are inseparable from Li Bai’s wide use of exaggeration，metaphor and other artistic techniques.The poem below，written in his fifties【10】，is representative of his romantic style： 【7】it作形式主语，动词不定式短语to see...作真正的主语，that引导宾语从句。 【8】划线句为完全倒装句。 【9】and连接两个which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Li Bai’s free expression of strong feelings。 【10】动词­ed形式短语作定语，修饰名词poem。 My silver hair is three thousand feet long， Because my sorrow is deep and strong. How can the autumn frost white Be cast into the mirror bright? (“Autumn Frost”) With his extraordinary imagination，free expression of strong feelings and mastery of language，Li Bai is widely recognized as the greatest romantic poet after Qu Yuan.Generations of poets，both in China and abroad，owe a debt to his inspirational poems.One such poet is Ezra Pound，a 20th­century American poet.He was fascinated by Li Bai’s poems and translated some of them in his 1915 poetry collection entitled Cathay【11】．Today Li Bai’s poetry continues to be enjoyed by countless readers around the world. 【11】动词­ed形式短语作定语，修饰名词1915 poetry collection。 李白及其浪漫主义诗歌 危楼高百丈， 手可摘星辰。 不敢高声语， 恐惊天上人。 (《夜宿山寺》) 相传此诗为李白少年时所作。在这首早期作品中，“恐惊天上人”等诗句想象奇绝，已经展现出一种浪漫主义风格，这一风格后来成为李白诗歌的特色。 李白的浪漫主义风格与其自幼喜读书、好游历不无关联。他五岁就诵读经典，十岁读儒道等诸子百家的著作。他博览群书，从传奇故事到历史典故无所不窥，从而对古代经典文化谙熟于心，更重要的是，他从中汲取了先贤们的智慧。 在强烈的探索欲和游历欲的驱使下，他二十几岁便离家周游，足迹几乎遍及海内。他一路寻访名山大川，见识各地文化风俗。这些旅途见闻培养了他对自然的热爱，也让他诗兴大发，写下了无数浪漫主义的作品。 李白的浪漫主义风格亦深植于他所处的社会历史环境中。他长于经济繁荣、国家安定的盛唐。这种开放而包容的氛围，使李白得以率性放达，养成了自由不羁的性格，进而极大地影响了他的诗歌创作。 有如此的个人阅历和历史背景，李白多数作品皆富有浪漫主义色彩就不足为奇了。哪怕再没有文化的读者，也会为诗人丰富的想象力所折服。天上星月、自然景观、传奇人物，他都可借以发挥想象力。同样令人叹服的是李白对强烈情感的恣意抒发，笔下万物都被赋予灵性，这也让他与其他的山水诗人迥然有别。这些特征也离不开他对夸张、比喻等艺术手法的广泛运用。下面这首诗是他五十多岁时所作，是其浪漫主义风格的集中体现： 白发三千丈， 缘愁似个长。 不知明镜里， 何处得秋霜？ (《秋浦歌》) 超尘脱俗的想象，强烈情感的自由抒发，以及对语言的精通，使李白被公认为是继屈原之后最伟大的浪漫主义诗人。他的诗篇滋养着中国乃至海外一代又一代诗人。其中一位便是20世纪美国诗人Ezra Pound。他倾慕李白的诗，选择了多首收入他1915年出版的诗歌集《华夏集》中。时至今日，李白的诗歌仍然为世界各地无数读者所喜爱。 一、整体理解 Match the main idea with each part. Part 1(Para.1) A.The popularity of Li Bai and his poetry. Part 2(Paras.2～4) B.An introduction to Li Bai’s poetry and romantic style. Part 3(Para.5) C.Li Bai’s personal experiences. Part 4(Para.6) D.Reasons for Li Bai’s popularity. 答案：　BCDA 二、细节理解 Read the text carefully and choose the best answers. 1．What’s the text type of the passage? A．Narration(记叙文). B．Practical writing(应用文). C．Expository writing(说明文). D．Argumentative writing(议论文). 2．What is the purpose of the poem A Night Stay at a Mountain Temple in the passage? A．To ask readers to enjoy it. B．To compare it with other poems. C．To introduce Li Bai. D．To introduce Tang poems. 3．What made Li Bai familiar with classical Chinese culture and acquire the wisdom of previous generations? A．All kinds of books he read. B．All activities he took part in. C．The society he lived in. D．His travelling experience. 4．What made Li Bai different from other landscape poets? A．His free expression of strong feelings. B．His extraordinary talent. C．His inspiration from nature. D．The influence from Qu Yuan. 答案：　1－4：ACAA 三、长难句分析 1．With striking imagination in expressions like “scaring dwellers on high”，this early poem already displayed signs of a romantic style，which was later to characterize Li Bai’s poetry. [分析]　本句为主从复合句。其中which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰名词style。 [翻译]　在这首早期作品中，“恐惊天上人”等诗句想象奇绝，已经展现出一种浪漫主义风格，这一风格后来成为李白诗歌的特色。 2．This open and tolerant atmosphere allowed Li Bai the liberty to develop a free and unconstrained personality，which，in turn，had a huge impact on his poetic production. [分析]　本句为主从复合句。其中which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰名词personality。 [翻译]　这种开放而包容的氛围，使李白得以率性放达，养成了自由不羁的性格，进而极大地影响了他的诗歌创作。 3．Equally impressive is Li Bai’s free expression of strong feelings，which breathes vitality into the lifeless objects he describes，and which distinguishes him from other landscape poets. [分析]　本句为主从复合句。其中and连接两个which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰名词Li Bai’s free expression of strong feelings。 [翻译]　同样令人叹服的是李白对强烈情感的恣意抒发，笔下万物都被赋予灵性，这也让他与其他的山水诗人迥然有别。 [核心单词] 1．the most striking feature　 　 最显著的特征 2．have an encounter with him 与他不期而遇 3．be full of vitality 充满活力 4．pay off debt 还清债务 5．cast a shadow 投下一个影子 6．an ideal world 一个理想的世界 7．share the blame 共担罪责 [拓展单词] 1．novelist n．小说家→novel n．小说 2．belief n．看法，信念；信仰；相信，信心→believe vt.相信；认定；看作 3．glorious adj.荣耀的，光荣的；壮丽的，辉煌的→glory n．辉煌的成就；荣耀的事 4．stability n．稳定(性)→stable adj.稳定的；安定的 5．tolerant adj.宽容的，容忍的；能耐……的→tolerance n．容忍；宽容；忍耐力；忍受性 6．distinguish vt.&vi.成为……的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众→distinguished adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的 7．exaggeration n．夸张，夸大→exaggerate vi.&vt.夸张；夸大；言过其实→exaggerated adj.夸张的，夸大的；言过其实的；故作姿态的 8．representative adj.典型的，有代表性的n.典型人物，代表性人物；代表→represent vt.代表，表示 9．fascinate vt.&vi.深深吸引，迷住→fascinated adj.被迷住的，被吸引住的→fascinating adj.极有吸引力的，迷人的→fascination n．魅力，迷恋 [重点短语] 第一组　汉译英 1．促进；对……做出贡献　　　 contribute to 2．扎根于；根植于 be rooted in 3．反过来；继而；转而 in turn 4．大多数…… the majority of 第二组　英译汉 5．reach out for 伸手去够；伸手去拿 6．for fear of 因为害怕…… 7．familiarize oneself with 使自己熟悉…… 8．have an impact on 对……有影响 9．breathe...into... 给……注入…… 10．be recognized as 被看作是；被公认为 [典型句式] 根据课文语境和汉语提示补全句子 1．It is＋动词­ed形式＋that从句 It is believed that(据认为) this poem was written by Li Bai in his teenage years. 2．动词­ed形式(短语)作状语 Driven by(被……驱使) a burning desire for adventure and travel，Li Bai left home and started to travel around in his early twenties. 3．完全倒装句 Equally impressive is Li Bai’s free expression of strong feelings(李白对强烈情感的恣意抒发)... tolerant adj.宽容的，容忍的；能耐……的 (教材原句)This open and tolerant atmosphere allowed Li Bai the liberty to develop a free and unconstrained personality，which，in turn，had a huge impact on his poetic production.这种开放而包容的氛围，使李白得以率性放达，养成了自由不羁的性格，进而极大地影响了他的诗歌创作。 (1)be tolerant of sth　　　 容忍某事，耐…… (2)tolerate vt. 容忍；忍受，宽恕 tolerate doing 容忍做某事 (3)tolerance n. 容忍，忍耐力 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Only he can be tolerant of his wife’s bad temper. ②She refused to tolerate being called (call) a liar. ③My biggest weakness was my lack of tolerance (tolerant) for any error. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④The materials are tolerant of high temperatures. 这些材料耐高温。 动词­ed形式(短语)作状语 (教材原句)Driven by a burning desire for adventure and travel，Li Bai left home and started to travel around in his early twenties.在强烈的探索欲和游历欲的驱使下，他二十几岁便离家周游，足迹几乎遍及海内。 (1)动词­ed形式(短语)在句中作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等情况，表示被动与完成； (2)使用时应注意两点： ①动词­ed形式的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致； ②动词­ed形式表示的动作与句子的主语为被动或完成关系。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Seriously injured (injure)，she had to be sent to hospital at once. ②The scientist came in，followed (follow) by her assistant. ③Given (give) more attention，the flowers could have grown better. ◎能力提升——句式改写 ④As the boy was blamed by his teacher，he was in low spirits these days.(改为动词­ed形式短语作状语) →Blamed by his teacher，the boy was in low spirits. distinguish vt.& vi.成为……的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众 (教材原句)Equally impressive is Li Bai’s free expression of strong feelings，which breathes vitality into the lifeless objects he describes，and which distinguishes him from other landscape poets.同样令人叹服的是李白对强烈情感的恣意抒发，笔下万物都被赋予灵性，这也让他与其他的山水诗人迥然有别。 (1)distinguish between A and B　 区分A和B distinguish...from... 把……与……区分开来 distinguish oneself as 作为……而出名 (2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的 [佳句背诵]　It’s important to distinguish between business and pleasure.分清正事和娱乐很重要。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Honestly speaking，I admire your distinguished (distinguish) achievements. ②It is the superior intelligence and the use of language that distinguish man from the other animals. ③It is not easy to distinguish between cultured pearls and natural ones. ◎能力提升——句式改写 ④He was distinguished for his knowledge of economics and was elected as head of the economic school. →Distinguished for his knowledge of economics，he was elected as head of the economic school.(分词短语作状语) cast vt.(cast, cast) 投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投，抛；选派角色n.全体演员；投，抛 (教材原句)Be cast into the mirror bright？何处得秋霜？ (1)cast about/around for sth　　　　　 苦苦思索；四处寻找 (2)cast one’s mind back (to sth) 回顾；回想 (3)cast a spell (on sb/sth) (对……)施魔法，念咒语 (4)cast light on sth 使(问题等)较容易理解 (5)cast sb as... 选派某人演……角色 (6)be cast down (by sth) (因某事)沮丧/失望 ◎基础练透——写出下列句中cast的含义/单句语法填空 ①She cast a welcoming smile in his direction.向……投以 ②Out of anger and sadness，Du Shiniang cast the priceless treasures into the river.投，抛 ③The cast all lined up on stage to take their bow.全体演员 ④Here are the research findings that cast new light on the origin of our universe. ⑤She cast around desperately for a safe topic of conversation. ⑥Try to cast your mind back to the last conversation you had with her. ⑦The director has cast her as an ambitious lawyer in his latest movie. ◎能力提升——微写作 ⑧He is cast down by his failure in the examination.(cast) 他因考试不及格而沮丧。 owe vt.欠(情)；欠(债) (教材原句)Generations of poets，both in China and abroad，owe a debt to his inspirational poems. 他的诗篇滋养着中国乃至海外一代又一代诗人。 (1)owe sb sth＝owe sth to sb　　　　　　　 欠某人某物 owe...to... 把……归功于…… owe it to sb that... 将……归功于某人(it作形式宾语， that从句作真正的宾语) (2)owing adj. 未付的，欠着的 owing to 因为，由于 [名师点津]　owe作动词时，还有“归因于，归功于”之意。 ◎基础练透——写出下列句中owe的含义/单句语法填空 ①I owe you a debt of gratitude which I shall never be able to repay.欠 ②I owe it to you that I finished my work ahead of time.归因于，归功于 ③These early settlers owed their survival to hard work and determination to succeed. ④I owe it to you，my dear teacher，that I can get so much progress. ⑤Owing (owe) to the limitation of our knowledge，there must be mistakes and errors in the book. ◎能力提升——微写作 ⑥The scientist owed his success to his teacher’s encouragement． 这个科学家把自己的成功归功于他的老师的鼓励。 blame vt.把……归咎于，责怪，指责 n．责任，责备，指责 (教材原句)If you can keep your head when all about you Are losing theirs and blaming it on you；如果所有人都失去理智，咒骂你，你仍能保持头脑清醒； (1)sb be to blame (for sth)　　　　　　 某人该因某事受责备 (用主动形式表示被动意义) blame sb for sth 因某事而责备某人 blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人 (2)take the blame (for sth) (对……)负责 put/lay/pin the blame for sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人身上 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①It is human beings that are to blame (blame) for the air pollution. ②Be brave enough to accept your mistakes but，don’t blame yourself for making mistakes. ③The police blamed the terrible traffic accident on Jack’s careless driving. ◎能力提升——一句多译 ④她把他们婚姻的失败归咎于了他。 →She blamed him for the failure of their marriage．(blame vt.) →She blamed the failure of their marriage on him．(blame vt.) →She put/laid/pinned the blame for the failure of their marriage on him．(blame n．) 维度一　单词拼写 1．The cast(全体演员)broke off for coffee in the middle of rehearsal. 2．The mother is always tolerant(宽容的)of her son’s bad behaviour. 3．I dare(敢)say you’re feeling tired after your journey. 4．Whenever I encounter(遭遇)difficulties，my mothers’ encouraging words always help me cheer up. 5．According to the agreement，he has to repay the debt(债务)within six months. 维度二　单句语法填空 1．China has achieved long­term economic growth and social stability (stable). 2．I owe my present accomplishment to your timely assistance. 3．In judging the delay，we must make allowance for the extremely bad weather. 4．Wuhan University has a glorious (glory) revolutionary tradition and enjoys a very high academic status. 5．It’s essential to distinguish the main problems from the minor ones. 维度三　完成句子 1．They are entitled to first class travel.(entitle) 他们可以坐头等舱旅行。 2．Do you think who is to blame for the accident？(blame) 你认为谁应该为这次事故负责？ 3．Encouraged by his father，the boy decided to try once more.(encourage) 受到爸爸的鼓励，男孩决定再试一次。 课时精练(十六)　Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [基础达标] 维度一　根据汉语提示或首字母填入单词的适当形式 1．Employees from each department will elect a representative(代表)to participate in the meeting. 2．The car windows were covered with frost(霜). 3．A monthly allowance(补助)is given to the families who can’t afford their food. 4．The Belt and Road Initiative has brought new vitality(生命力)to participating countries. 5．Hearing a child stolen，many parents dare(胆敢)not ask their kids to go out. 6．The whole cast(全体演员)was very professional and hard working in rehearsals. 7．Every time we switch on the TV，there are numerous(众多的)advertisements on it. 8．Last year，this supermarket went into debt because of poor management. 维度二　单句语法填空 1．It was the professor rather than his assistants that was to blame (blame) for what had happened in the lab. 2．Performing military service is a glorious (glory) thing for all soldiers and they should enjoy widespread respect. 3．Family balance is very important as it is the foundation for social stability (stable). 4．It is no exaggeration (exaggerate) to say that everyone will be affected by the new policy. 5．Every worker will be entitled to four weeks’ paid holiday a year. 6．If I have improved in any way，I owe it all to you. 7．There is no denying that he is the most distinguished (distinguish) scholar in his field. 8．It never occurred to me that I could have an encounter with my old friend in the street. 9．She has no tolerance (tolerant) for jokes of any kind. 10．San Ya is one of the most fascinating (fascinate) place that I have ever been to. 维度三　完成句子 1．It is reported that the waves are big today. 据报道，今天浪很大。 2．Gone are the days when I was young. 我年轻的时光一去不复返了。 3．Given another chance，he will do better. 再给一次机会，他会做得更好。 维度四　课文语法填空 It is believed that A Night Stay at a Mountain Temple 1.was written (write) by Li Bai in his teenage years.With striking 2.imagination (imagine)，this early poem showed signs of romantic style，which was later to characterize his poetry. Li Bai’s love of reading and travelling contributed a lot 3.to his romantic style.By 4.reading (read) all kinds of books，he got familiar with classical Chinese culture and 5.acquired (acquire) the wisdom of previous generations.Li Bai’s travel around the country nourished his love of nature and inspired him 6.to write (write) romantic poems.In addition，Li Bai grew up in the most glorious period of the Tang Dynasty，7.which allowed Li Bai to develop a free and unconstrained personality.Given his personal experiences and the historical background，8.it is easy to see that most of Li Bai’s poems are characterized by the romantic style. All in all，with free expression of strong feelings and mastery of language，Li Bai is 9.widely (wide)recognized as the 10.greatest (great) romantic poet after Qu Yuan.Li Bai’s poetry inspires generations of poets both at home and abroad and is enjoyed by countless readers. [素能提升] Ⅰ.阅读理解 He was a poet known for the nostalgia(怀旧)he describes in his poems.Now，it’s time for us to express our nostalgia for this great writer. On Dec. 14，2017，the famous Chinese poet Yu Guangzhong passed away in Taiwan.Born in 1928 in Nanjing，Jiangsu，Yu studied in Sichuan when he was young.At that time，he had showed great interest in Chinese poems and spent a lot of his free time trying writing poems himself.Then he managed to publish his first poem at the age of 20.A year later，Yu and his family moved to Taiwan.He lived and worked there until his death. Nostalgia is Yu’s masterpiece in which he expresses his homesickness for the Chinese mainland when he was in Taiwan. Published in 1971，the poem remains highly popular among Chinese speakers worldwide.Even those who know little about literature are familiar with lines from the poem.The poem is included in Chinese high school textbooks. Besides his achievements in poetry，Yu was also a successful essay writer，critic and translator.He once translated English poet Siegfried Sassoon’s poem In Me，Past，Present，Future Meet into Chinese.It is regarded as an accurate and powerful translation，in which the most famous line is “心有猛虎，细嗅蔷薇” for “In me the tiger sniffs the rose”． Yu spent his whole life writing.“The reason why I stick to writing till today comes down to my passion for the Chinese language，” he once said in a 2015 interview.He then added that this passion was strengthened by his love for his mother and his motherland. Now，let’s appreciate the poem Nostalgia. When I was young， Nostalgia was a tiny，tiny stamp， Me on this side， Mother on the other side. When I grew up， Nostalgia was a narrow boat ticket， Me on this side， Bride on the other side. But later on， Nostalgia was a lowly grave， Me on the outside， Mother on the inside. And at present， Nostalgia becomes a shallow strait， Me on this side， Mainland on the other side. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了台湾著名“乡愁诗人”余光中。他不仅在诗歌方面卓有成就，在翻译和散文等方面也很成功，他的著名诗歌《乡愁》在海内外华人间广为传诵。 1．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Yu lived with his family in Taiwan all his life. B．Many Chinese people know the poem Nostalgia. C．We can find Nostalgia in primary school textbooks. D．Yu translated Siegfried Sassoon’s poem into English. B　[推理判断题。根据第四段中“Published in 1971，the poem remains highly popular among Chinese speakers worldwide.”可知，很多中国人知道Nostalgia这首诗，故B项正确。] 2．What is Yu Guangzhong? A．A poet，reporter and critic. B．A translator and publisher. C．A critic，poet and translator. D．A translator and song writer. C　[细节理解题。根据第五段中“Besides his achievements in poetry，Yu was also a successful essay writer，critic and translator.”可知，余光中除了是一位诗人外，他还是一位成功的散文作家，评论家和翻译家，故选C项。] 3．Why did Yu spend all his life writing? A．He made a lot of money from writing. B．He had great interest in English poems. C．He loved his family and mainland a lot. D．He had a lot of free time and was bored. C　[推理判断题。根据第六段中“The reason why I stick to writing till today ... this passion was strengthened by his love for his mother and his motherland.”可知，他一生写作的原因是他对汉语的热爱，这种热爱因为他非常爱他的家人和大陆而得到强化，故选C项。] 4．What can we learn from the Poem Nostalgia? A．He missed his family and homeland a lot. B．He didn’t want to come to his homeland. C．He lived with his mother on the riverside. D．His mother had died when he got married. A　[推理判断题。根据第三段中“Nostalgia is Yu’s masterpiece in which he expresses his homesickness for the Chinese mainland when he was in Taiwan.”可知，在Nostalgia这首诗里，余光中表达了对他的家人和家乡的思念，故选A项。] Ⅱ.完形填空 (2021·广东省东莞市高一下学期期末) When he was younger，Ronald Clark lived in the library.Exactly! Clark’s father，Raymond，worked as a/an 1 of the Manhattan Library then，and his family lived on the top floor of the building.The job of library guard，as Ronald 2 ，is like being “the keeper of the temple of 3 ”．However，at first，Ronald was 4 of his unusual home.“Every kid always wants to be 5 ．I never invited any of my friends to visit it.” he says. 6 ，he admits that nobody else had as many books as he had.And once the library was closed for the day，it 7 him to be the only kid in the building who could run and 8 and jump and yell.And if I had any 9 about anything，I would get up in the middle of the night，go down，get out a book and read until 3 o’clock in the morning，he says，“I began to realize how 10 I was because the library gave me the 11 for learning－and this just never left me.” His time living in the library 12 the man he would become.He was the first in his family to 13 high school，and after college，he got a position as a professor teaching history. “My dad’s 14 was beyond words.I took him to my office and showed him my name on the door—Professor Clark，” Ronald says，“I saw the way he looked at it and I can hardly even 15 what my life would’ve been like if I had not lived in the library.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了罗纳德·克拉克跟父亲住在图书馆里，开始他觉得尴尬，但后来他意识到图书馆给他带来的好处，让他受益终生。 1．A.designer　　　　　　　 B．architect C．guard D．conductor C　[根据下文“The job of library guard”可知，克拉克的父亲是图书馆的警卫(guard)。] 2．A.recalls B．demands C．wonders D．announces A　[根据上文“When he was younger，Ronald Clark lived in the library.”可知，本文写的是罗纳德小时候的事情，所以是他的回忆(recall)。] 3．A.energy B．knowledge C．secret D．religion B　[根据句意和常识可知，图书馆是知识(knowledge)的殿堂。] 4．A.tired B．proud C．ashamed D．confident C　[根据下文“I never invited any of my friends to visit it.”可知，罗纳德从不邀请朋友去他家，说明他不想让朋友知道他住在图书馆，觉得寄居图书馆很羞愧(ashamed)。] 5．A.normal B．calm C．wise D．honest A　[根据上文“his unusual home”和下文“I never invited any of my friends to visit it.”可知，罗纳德住在特殊的地方，他不想让朋友知道他住在那里，他也希望有个正常的(normal)家，跟朋友们一样。] 6．A.Otherwise B．Therefore C．Besides D．However D　[上文说罗纳德因自己特殊的家而感到尴尬，但下文“he admits that nobody else had as many books as he had.”又说到住在图书馆的好处，上下文有转折关系，故应用However(然而)。] 7．A.moved B．excited C．scared D．confused B　[根据下文“the only kid in the building who could run and and jump and yell.”可知，罗纳德一个人在图书馆的时候，他很自由，兴奋。] 8．A.walk B．whisper C．drop D．scream D　[根据空前“run”和空后“and jump and yell”可知，本空应填表现罗纳德兴奋的动词，故应用scream(尖叫)。] 9．A.belief B．sense C．question D．opinion C　[根据“I would get up in the middle of the night，go down，get out a book and read until 3 o’clock in the morning”可推知，罗纳德是在丛书中寻找问题(question)的答案。] 10．A.fortunate B．ordinary C．popular D．strange A　[根据下文可知，罗纳德通过读书改变了命运，成为家里第一个上大学的人，所以他觉得住在图书馆是幸运的(fortunate)。] 11．A.sign B．desire C．space D．talent B　[根据上文可知，生活在图书馆养成罗纳德学习的习惯，让他成为家里第一个上大学的人，这种对学习的渴求(desire)至今未变。] 12．A.shaped B．protected C．impressed D．attracted A　[根据下文“I can hardly even what my life would’ve been like if I had not lived in the library.”可知，正是图书馆的生活经历让罗纳德成为现在的样子，是图书馆的生活经历塑造了(shape)今天的罗纳德。] 13．A.go through B．graduate from C．search for D．work in B　[根据“after college”可推知，他高中毕业(graduate from)，还上了大学。] 14．A.respect B．passion C．hope D．pride D　[根据常识可知，图书馆警卫的儿子成了大学教授，作为父亲当然无比自豪(pride)。] 15．A.observe B．point out C．imagine D．pick up C　[根据上文可知，罗纳德从小生活在图书馆，这是事实，所以句中“what my life would’ve been like if I had not lived in the library”只是一种想象(imagine)。] Ⅲ.语法填空 (2021·江西省赣州市高二上学期期中联考) The southern area of Jiangxi Province has been producing tea in the past hundreds of years.Villagers there often like to sing songs while 1. (pick) tea leaves.The beautiful tunes echo over the tea gardens in the hills.After over 400 years of 2. (develop)，this practice has transformed into a performance art. The tea­leave picking opera，or Caicha Xi in Chinese，has 3. history of more than 400 years.The opera can 4. (see) on special occasions such as Chinese New Year，5. the locals pray for prosperity and a good harvest.Tea­picking opera in southern Jiangxi Province is a combination of folk songs and dancing.Its repertoire(表演剧目)is not about royal families or government officials，6. about the daily lives of local people. After the founding of New China，musicians created a number of songs 7. (base) on tea­picking tunes and took the opera to a bigger stage.In the 1960s，the popular “See the Red Army off” 8. (compose)，which got its inspirations from one of the 9. (tradition) tunes of the southern Jiangxi tea­picking opera. In 2006，it was listed as an intangible cultural heritage in China.10. (keep) the tradition and pass it on from generation to generation better，the local government has provided free education to teenagers in love with tea­picking opera. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了江西的采茶戏。 1．解析：　picking　考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的村民经常喜欢采茶时唱歌。本空在句中作时间状语，句子主语Villagers和动词pick之间为主动关系，故本空应用动词­ing形式作状语。 2．解析：　development　考查词性转换。根据空前介词of可知，本空应用名词形式。 3．解析：　a　考查冠词。have a history of意为“有……年的历史”，故本空应用不定冠词a。 4．解析：　be seen　考查动词的语态。本句主语The opera和动词see之间为被动关系，故本空应用被动语态。 5．解析：　when　考查状语从句。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词occasions，本空在从句中作时间状语，故应用关系副词when。 6．解析：　but　考查连词。not...but...意为“不是……而是……”，故本空应用连词but。 7．解析：　based　考查非谓语动词。be based on意为“以……为基础，基于……”，本空在句中作定语，修饰名词songs，故应用动词­ed形式。 8．解析：　was composed　考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语In the 1960s可知，本空应用一般过去时，且句子主语和动词compose之间为被动关系，故本空应用一般过去时的被动语态。 9．解析：　traditional　考查词性转换。本空修饰名词tunes，故应用形容词形式。 10．解析：　To keep　考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，本空应用动词不定式形式作目的状语。 单元检测卷(四)　UNIT 4　Exploring poetry (时间：120分钟　满分：150分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) 第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一个小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．What will the woman do tomorrow night? A．Go to Bill’s.　　　 B．Eat with her colleagues. C．Call Bill. 2．What does the man think of Amy’s latest book? A．Interesting. B．Exciting. C．Boring. 3. When will the flight leave? A．At 11：20. B．At 12：20. C．At 1：20. 4．What does the woman mean? A．She’ll pick up the clothes. B．Sara can’t take the clothes. C．The boy should do the cleaning. 5．What are the speakers talking about? A．The man’s new computer. B．A shopping plan. C．A shopping experience. 第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6．Why do the man’s feet hurt? A．He walked for too long. B．He got injured. C．He is suffering a disease. 7．What will the man do first today? A．Read a book. B．Listen to music. C．Do some sports. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8．How long did the meeting last? A．For an hour. B．For one and a half hours. C．For two hours. 9．What did the woman do at noon? A．She took a rest. B．She talked with a customer. C．She wrote a work report. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10．What kind of room does the woman want? A．A room shared by a friend. B．A room offered by a family. C．A room costing around 300 pounds a month. 11．Why does the woman want to wait for Mark? A．To ask about a room. B．To have supper with him. C．To invite him to the beach. 12．What’s the most probable relationship between the two speakers? A．Colleagues. B．Couple. C．Strangers. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13．Why couldn’t the man get through when he called the woman? A．His phone had broken down. B．The woman’s phone was power off. C．The woman’s phone had broken down. 14．How did the woman feel about her interview? A．Terrible. B．Not so good. C．Great. 15. How much will the woman be paid in the first year if employed? A．$12，500. B．$14，000. C．$16，000. 16．What did the man call the woman for? A．For asking about her uncle. B．For inviting her to his party. C．For asking about her job interview. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17．What is the woman doing? A．Giving a class. B．Giving a speech. C．Attending a competition. 18．What does the woman think of drinking coffee from K­cups? A．Harmful to the environment. B．A waste of money. C．Very convenient. 19．Why should we buy locally grown food? A．To help local farmers. B．To save money. C．To protect the environment. 20．What is the text meant to? A．To show the environment is important. B．To give some suggestions. C．To explain some problems. 1－5　BCBBA　　　6－10　ABCBC 11－15　BABCA 16－20　BBACB 听力材料 第一节　听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一个小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 (Text 1) M：I saw Bill today.He invited us to dinner tomorrow night. W：I can’t make it.I’ll have dinner with my colleagues. M：I’ll call him and tell him that. (Text 2) W：Have you read Amy’s latest book？Is it interesting? M：Her former books are quite interesting and exciting.But this one is rather boring. W：Oh，really？Then I won’t read it. (Text 3) M：Am I late? W：No.Your flight has been put off.It didn’t leave at 11：20，but it will leave at 12：20. M：Great.There is still an hour left. (Text 4) W：Sam，shouldn’t anyone take the clothes from the cleaners? M：Mom，don’t look at me.I just did the cleaning.Sara is playing now. W：But she’s just six. (Text 5) W：When did you buy it，Mark? M：Last week.My old computer broke down，so I bought a new one. W：How do you like it? M：It’s much better than the old one. 第二节　听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 (Text 6) W：Henry，let’s play tennis today. M：I’d love to play for a while，but I walked for four hours yesterday.My feet hurt now. W：Then what about watching a movie at home? M：I watched too many movies these days.My eyes hurt. W：Then what do you want to do today? M：I just want to stay in my bedroom and listen to some music. W：But you can’t listen to music all the time. M：I also want to read a book. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 (Text 7) M：Mary，you look a bit tired.Did you have a long day today? W：Yes.In the morning I attended a meeting from 8：30 to 10：30.Then I worked on my work report until noon. M：Did you take a rest at noon? W：No.I had lunch with a customer and talked about something with him.When I returned，I immediately started working. M：What did you do in the afternoon? W：I received another customer and talked with him for about an hour. M：And what did you do after that? W：After that I checked my work report before I wrote some emails. M：You really had a long day. W：Yes.My work just keeps me too busy. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 (Text 8) M：Linda，what about going to the beach with me tomorrow? W：I really want to，but I can’t make it.I have to look for a room tomorrow.Now I stay at my friend’s.I can’t stay there forever，you know. M：I totally understand.What kind of room do you want to find? W：I want a room that costs around 300 pounds a month.Do you know anyone who wants to share an apartment? M：No.But why not try to live with a family who has an empty room? W：What do you mean? M：Well，some families allow people to live with them for free as long as they help do the cleaning or take care of their children.You don’t have to pay any rent in this way. W：But I have no time for that.My work keeps me busy，you know. M：I see.Oh，it’s already 5：30 now.Have you finished your work? W：Yes. M：What about leaving now? W：I’ll wait for Mark.We’ll have supper together tonight. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 (Text 9) M：Annie，I called you about 3 o’clock this afternoon.But I couldn’t get through.Was there anything wrong with your phone? W：No.I had turned off my phone because I had a job interview this afternoon. M：How did the interview go? W：It went very well，I think.At least I answered all the questions well. M：How much can you earn if you get the job? W：I thought the starting pay was $14，000 a year.But it turned out to be $1，500 less.However，it goes up to $16，000 in the following year. M：Do you think you’ll get the job? W：It’s hard to say.Though I did well in the interview，ten people received the job interview and only two will get the job.So I won’t get my hope too high.By the way，why did you call me? M：I wanted to invite you to come to my birthday party tomorrow night.Can you make it? W：Yes，I’d like to.So see you tomorrow. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 (Text 10) W：Good morning，everyone.I’m so glad I’m invited here to give a speech today.Now I’ll tell you how to protect the environment. Eat less meat and dairy.Meat and dairy need a lot of energy to produce.We can protect the environment more if we eat vegetables.If you really can’t stop eating meat，then try to eat meat at most once a week. Don’t drink coffee from K­cups.K­cups are usually thrown away once you use them for just one time.It greatly harms the environment.If you really love drinking coffee，prepare a cup for it. Buy local food.Food from somewhere far away needs a lot of energy to be transported.It harms the environment as the food is usually taken to you by trucks，ships or planes.You can visit farmers’ markets to find local vegetables and fruits. Don’t waste food.Plan your meals so that you don’t cook more than you will eat.Store what you haven’t finished and use them up at your next meal. 第二部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A (2021·四川省宜宾市高一下学期期末) There are different types of money­saving apps，such as JD Finance，Yu’E Bao，Ant Financial，and all of them work in different ways.Here are 3 of the best apps that can help you save much money. Capital One Shopping Capital One Shopping can compare prices automatically as you shop online.As you add items to your cart at an online seller，this app will search the web for better deals and coupon codes(优惠码).You can follow the links to other sellers offering a better price and use the available codes to save.You can even use this app while shopping at physical shops. Paribus There’s nothing more upsetting than buying something and then seeing it for sale at a lower price a few days later.Wouldn’t it be nice to get that money back? Now you can.Paribus helps you get money back by tracking your purchases from major stores and discussing refunds.It also helps you get compensated(补偿)for late deliveries and makes sure you don’t leave it too late to return anything you bought. Digit If you can’t figure out how much you can afford to save，Digit will analyze your spending habits and spare a certain amount to your savings.If the app knows you have spare money to save，then it will be moved automatically，and if you don’t，it will stop，so there’s no risk of being left with no cash for the basics.You can sign up for a free trial for a month，and after that，the monthly service charge is $5. 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了三款好用的用以节省资金的应用程序。 21．If you want your money back，what app will you choose? A．Digit.　　　　　 B．Paribus. C．Yu’E Bao. D．Capital One Shopping. B　[细节理解题。根据Paribus部分中“Paribus helps you get money back by tracking your purchases from major stores and discussing refunds.”可知，如果你想拿回钱，你会选择的应用是Paribus，故选B项。] 22．What can you do by using Digit? A．Offer the most favorable price. B．Track detailed information of goods. C．Analyze spending habits to save money. D．Compare prices of products while shopping. C　[细节理解题。根据Digit部分中“If you can’t figure out how much you can afford to save，Digit will analyze your spending habits and spare a certain amount to your savings.”可知，使用Digit可以分析消费习惯以节省开支，故选C项。] 23．What is the purpose of the text? A．To introduce useful apps for saving money. B．To advertise various products online. C．To improve the power of spending. D．To help to manage spare money. A　[写作目的题。根据第一段中“Here are 3 of the best apps that can help you save much money.”可知，本文的目的是介绍有用的用以节省资金的应用程序，故选A项。] B Recently whenever I turned on my computer or my mobile phone，news about the great effect of Hurricane Harvey(哈维飓风)on thousands of people caught my eye.I saw many unfortunate events.However，there was also lots of bright news that showed the goodness of mankind.As a reporter，I reported many human­interest stories when doing my job.That’s why the story about the guys in the bakery(面包店)caught my eye. When the workers at a Mexican bakery chain in Houston were trapped inside the building for two days，they didn’t sit there feeling sorry for themselves.They used their time wisely after flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey.While waiting for the eventual rescue that came on Monday morning，the four workers decided to make as many loaves of bread as possible for people around the neighborhood.They talked to their manager about their plan over the phone and the manager agreed. The flood water rose in the street outside.They took advantage of their emergency power supply to bake bread.They used more than 4，200 pounds of flour(面粉)to create hundreds of loaves and sheets of sweet bread.Although the water kept rising，they continued baking to help more people.By the time the manager managed to get to them，they had made so much bread that they took the loaves to lots of emergency centers across the city for people affected by the floods. The store manager，Brian Alvarado，told The Independent，“They’ve done more than they should have done.And what they had done has lit a light for people.I feel lucky to have them work in the bakery.” Whenever a disaster occurs，nobody should feel forlorn．Instead，we should stay hopeful and take positive action to save ourselves and help others.Our acts of kindness will make a big difference to the people in the world as well as the world itself. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了哈维飓风到来时，面包店员工被困，他们决定继续为人们做面包而产生的重大影响。 24．Why did the story in the bakery draw the author’s attention? A．It was helpful in choosing a good job. B．It made him/her interested in baking. C．It could bring him/her much money. D．It showed the goodness of mankind. D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“However，there was also lots of bright news that showed the goodness of mankind.”可知，面包店的故事引起了作者的注意是因为它显示了人类的善良，故选D项。] 25．What did the guys in the bakery do in the disaster? A．They tried to get people out of water. B．They set up emergency centers to help. C．They offered to make bread for people. D．They let homeless people live in the bakery. C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“While waiting for the eventual rescue that came on Monday morning，the four workers decided to make as many loaves of bread as possible for people around the neighborhood.”可知，虽然面包店的员工被困大楼里，但他们主动提出为人们做面包，故选C项。] 26．What does Brian Alvarado think of the four workers? A．He found them lucky. B．He was proud of them. C．They were experienced. D．They were shy but brave. B　[观点态度题。根据倒数第二段中“The store manager，Brian Alvarado，told The Independent，‘They’ve done more than they should have done.And what they had done has lit a light for people.I feel lucky to have them work in the bakery.’”可知，面包店经理 Brian Alvarado对员工的评价很高，从而推断出他为四位员工的行为感到骄傲，故选B项。] 27．What does the underlined word “forlorn” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Hopeless. B．Confident. C．Serious. D．Angry. A　[词义猜测题。根据最后一段划线词后句“Instead，we should stay hopeful and take positive action to save ourselves and help others.”由 Instead可知，划线词与前句构成转折关系，再由positive可推知，划线词的意思“是令人绝望的”，故选A项。] C (2021·辽宁省大连市高一下学期期中) There are 195 countries in the world today but almost none of them have purple on their national flag.So what’s wrong with purple? It’s such a popular color today.Why would no country use it in their flag? The answer is really quite simple.Purple was just for too expensive. The color purple has been associated with royalty power and wealth for centuries.Queen Elizabeth Ⅰ forbade anyone except close members of the royal family to wear it.Purple’s high status comes from the rarity and cost of the dye(染料)originally used to produce it.Fabric traders got the dye from a small sea snail (海螺)that was only found in the Tyre region of the Mediterranean.More than 10，000 snails were needed to create just one gram of purple; not to mention a lot of work went into producing the dye，which made purple dye so expensive. Since only wealthy rulers could afford to buy and wear the color，it became associated with the royal family.Sometimes，however，the dye was too expensive even for royalty.Third century Roman Emperor Aurelio famously wouldn’t allow his wife to buy a scarf made from purple silk because it cost three times its weight in gold.A single pound of dye cost three pounds of gold，which equals 56，000 dollars today.Therefore，even the richest countries couldn’t spend that much having purple on their flags. The dye became more accessible to lower­class about a century and a half ago.In 1856，18­year­old English chemist William Henry Perkin accidentally created a man­made purple compound(化合物)while attempting to produce an anti­malaria drug.He noticed that the compound could be used to dye fabrics，so he patented the dye，manufactured it and got rich.Purple dye was then mass­produced so everybody could afford it. Till now，a handful of new national flags have been designed and a few of them have chosen to use purple in their flag.So don’t be making any bets just yet. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几乎没有哪个国家的国旗上有紫色是因为紫色价格昂贵。但在科学家的努力下，终于使紫色变得普通化和大众化。 28．Why was color purple expensive in the past? A．Because only royal families were allowed to wear purple. B．Because it took a long time to get purple dye from gold. C．Because purple was worth as much as its weight in gold. D．Because purple dye used to be rare and hard to produce. D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“More than 10，000 snails were needed to create just one gram of purple; not to mention a lot of work went into producing the dye，which made purple dye so expensive.”可知，过去紫色很贵是因为紫色染料过去很稀有，很难生产，故选D项。] 29．Why did Roman Emperor Aurelio forbid his wife to buy a purple scarf? A．Because of poor quality. B．Because of long tradition. C．Because of bad taste. D．Because of high price. D　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“Third century Roman ...because it cost three times its weight in gold.A single pound of dye cost three pounds of gold，which equals 56，000 dollars today.”可知，罗马皇帝Aurelio禁止他的妻子买紫色围巾是因为其昂贵的价格，故选D项。] 30．What is purple’s situation now? A．Purple has been widely used on national flags. B．Purple dye is now affordable to ordinary people. C．Royal family stop using purple because it’s too common. D．Fewer snails are used to produce purple dye than before. B　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Purple dye was then mass­produced so everybody could afford it.”可知，现在普通人也能买得起紫色染料了，故选B项。] 31．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．No Purple Flags? B．Purple vs Gold C．How to Produce Purple Dye? D．The Birth of Purple Color A　[标题归纳题。根据第一段中“There are 195 countries in the world today but almost none of them have purple on their national flag...The answer is really quite simple.Purple was just for too expensive.”可知，本文开篇介绍195个国家几乎很少国旗上有紫色，引出紫色价格昂贵的问题，然后分析紫色的发展。A项(没有紫色的国旗？)既概括文章主题又用反问句吸引读者，最适合作文章标题。] D (2021·山东省德州市高一下学期期末) Contrary to the long­held belief that plants in the natural world are always in competition，new research has found that in severe environments adult plants help smaller ones and grow well as a result. The research，led by Dr Rocio，studied adult and seedling(幼苗)plants in the ecological desert in the south­east of Spain.Dr Rocio said，“If you’re a seedling in a poor land — the top of a mountain or a sand hill，for example—and you’re lucky enough to end up underneath a big plant，your chances of survival are certainly better than if you landed somewhere on your own.What we have found，which was surprising，is an established large plant，called a ‘nurse’，protects a seedling; it also produces more flowers than the same plants of similar large size growing on their own.” Other benefits of nurse­seedling partnerships include that more variety of plants growing together can have a positive effect on the environment.For example，vegetation areas with nurse plants with more flowers might be able to attract higher numbers of pollinators(传粉者)in an area，in turn supporting insect and soil life and even provide a greater range of different fruit types for birds and other animals. “The biggest winner for this system of nursing a plant is biodiversity(生物多样性)，” Dr Rocio said.“The more biodiverse an area，the greater number of species of plants，insect life，mammals and birds，and the better the chances of long­term healthy functioning of the environment and ecosystems.” This system is win­win for adult and seedling plants in unfavorable environments. The research is of value to those who manage and protect plants in tough environments.Most home gardeners and farmers plan to ensure their soil and conditions are the best they can be for plant growth，but the findings might be of value to those who garden in bare places. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新的研究发现，在恶劣的环境中，成年植物会帮助较小的植物并因此生长良好。 32．What is a common understanding of plants? A．They can help each other. B．They can survive ill conditions. C．They compete with each other. D．They grow well on their own. C　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“Contrary to the long­held belief that plants in the natural world are always in competition，new research has found that in severe environments adult plants help smaller ones and grow well as a result.”可知，关于植物的普遍观点是自然界的植物总是在竞争，故选C项。] 33．What will happen to seedling plants if they grow under adult plants? A．They will produce more flowers. B．They will die owing to competition. C．They will make adult plants larger. D．They will get support from adult plants. D　[推理判断题。根据第二段中“If you’re a seedling in a poor land — the top of a mountain or a sand hill，for example...better than if you landed somewhere on your own.”可知，幼苗如果生长在大植物的下面，会从中受益，故选D项。] 34．What is the effect of the nurse­seedling partnership? A．It leads to unfavorable environments. B．It produces long­term healthy chances. C．It attracts higher and larger pollinators. D．It provides a more variety of plant types. D　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“Other benefits of nurse­seedling partnerships include that more variety of plants growing together can have a positive effect on the environment.”及第四段中“The biggest winner for this system of nursing a plant is biodiversity(生物多样性).” 可知，这种伙伴关系系统可以促进多种植物类型的多样性，故选D项。] 35．Who will benefit from the new research? A．People studying organic farming. B．People protecting plants on sand hills. C．People wanting to change biodiversity. D．People keeping more animals on the farm. B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“If you’re a seedling in a poor land — the top of a mountain or a sand hill.”及最后一段中“The research is of value to those who manage and protect plants in tough environments.”可知，该研究有益于人们保护生长在恶劣环境中的植物，如山顶或者沙丘，故选B项。] 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 (2021·四川省达州市高一下学期期末) Benefits of Exercising Outdoors Compared with traditional indoor workouts，outdoor exercise—sometimes called green exercise—provides more benefits.Here are several benefits of doing your workouts outdoors. 36 The first，and perhaps most important benefit，is that being in nature increases feelings of well­being and life satisfaction.In fact，simply being outside and breathing fresh air can make you light­hearted.Research shows that being in nature，also called forest bathing，reduces stress and increases relaxation，and you’ll see greater levels of joy in your life. It’s free.There are many benefits of working with an exercise professional in a gym or fitness facility，but doing outdoor exercise is a great way to save money. 37 For example，you can choose some common activities such as biking jogging，hiking or playing tennis. It’s social and increases responsibility. 38 You can also go out with your partner or children at the park for some family fun.If so，you’ve added two main parts to your exercise program: social support and responsibility. 39 It doesn’t take a lot of time to see the benefits.It’s important to note that the benefits of outdoor exercise start at 120 minutes per week. 40 You can have a 25­minute walk every workday or a two­hour hike on weekends.More time spent exercising outside beyond those 120 minutes will have more benefits，but that’s a great goal for most people. A．It makes you relaxed and happy. B．It’s risky but thrilling to get close to nature. C．You can get support from your family and friends. D．Both of these are important to a long­term participation. E．You can do different outdoor workouts without paying a penny. F.But you don’t have to ride up and down hills at top speed to see results. G．You can join an outdoor sports club and make new friends every Saturday. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了户外运动的好处。 36．A　[根据后文“The first，and perhaps most important benefit，is that being in nature increases feelings of well­being and life satisfaction.”可知，本空应介绍户外锻炼让你感觉幸福和放松。A项(它让你放松和快乐。)符合文意。] 37．E　[根据前文“There are many benefits of working with an exercise professional in a gym or fitness facility，but doing outdoor exercise is a great way to save money.”可知，本空介绍做户外运动很省钱。E 项(你可以不花一分钱做不同的户外锻炼。)符合文意。] 38．G　[根据前文“It’s social and increases responsibility.” 可知，本空介绍户外锻炼具有社交性。G项(每周六你都可以参加户外运动俱乐部，结交新朋友。)符合文意。] 39．D　[根据前文“If so，you’ve added two main parts to your exercise program: social support and responsibility.”可知，D项(这两方面对长期参与都很重要。)符合文意。D项中的both是指“social support and responsibility”。] 40．F　[根据前文“It’s important to note that the benefits of outdoor exercise start at 120 minutes per week.”和后文“More time spent exercising outside beyond those 120 minutes will have more benefits，but that’s a great goal for most people.”可知，本空介绍没有必要去做太高强度的锻炼。F项(但你不必以最快的速度上坡下坡来看效果。)符合文意，和前文构成转折，对应转折词but。] 第三部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 (2021·山东省高二下学期4月联考) For a little girl growing up in Colombia，a science career with NASA may seem impossible.Trujillo，however，is an aerospace 41 who leads a team at the NASA laboratory 42 for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover(火星探测器). How did Trujillo go from simply dreaming about the universe to 43 exploring it? That’s a tale of 44 written in the stars. Born in 1983，even as a young girl Trujillo was 45 of her passion for science.But she doubted how far she’d be able to 46 in a male­dominated field.Then her dad offered to send her to Miami.Only 17 at the time，she 47 the offer. Trujillo took a series of housekeeping 48 to put herself through Miami Dade College.Sometimes she was cleaning bathrooms to help pay her way through her 49 ．But she didn’t 50 ．“I saw everything coming my way as an opportunity.” Then came another life­changing moment.She became the first Hispanic(西班牙语国家的)woman to be 51 to the NASA Academy.Later，she became an engineer at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center. This February，when the Perseverance rover 52 on the surface of Mars，it was 53 by commentary(解说)from Trujillo in NASA’s first­ever Spanish­language 54 . Trujillo’s own story is 55 that just beyond the barrier lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to reach for the stars. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作为一位女性，Trujillo靠着努力和毅力一步步成为了美国宇航局的工程师的故事。 41．A.astronaut　　　　　　 B．pilot C．engineer D．guide C　[根据下文“Later，she became an engineer at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center.”可知，本空表示她是航天工程师(engineer)。] 42．A.eager B．responsible C．concerned D．grateful B　[此空是空前名词laboratory的后置定语，根据句意可知，此处表示的是这个实验室的职责，be responsible for意为“负责……”。] 43．A.actually B．hardly C．precisely D．repeatedly A　[本空对应了此句中dreaming about，表示“从梦想变成了现实”，真正地(actually)探索宇宙。] 44．A.innocence B．kindness C．perseverance D．sympathy C　[根据“For a little girl growing up in Colombia，a science career with NASA may seem impossible.”可知，对于一个女孩来说，要进入美国宇航局工作是非常难的一件事，而这位女孩做到了。因此本空表达她的整个经历是一个关于毅力(perseverance)的故事。] 45．A.certain B．tolerant　　 C．afraid　　　　 D．fond A　[根据上文“How did Trujillo go from simply dreaming about the universe to exploring it？”可知，她一直梦想着探索宇宙，甚至在她还很小时，就确定了(certain)对科学的追求。] 46．A.respond B．rise　　　　 C．invest　　　　 D．apply B　[根据空后“in a male­dominated field”可知，在这样一个男性主导的领域里，Trujillo不知道努力和坚持能让自己走多远，地位能提高(rise)多少。] 47．A.made up B．turned up　　 C．picked up　　 D．took up D　[上文“Then her dad offered to send her to Miami.”可知，她接受了爸爸让她去迈阿密的提议(took up)。] 48．A.measures B．activities　　 C．jobs　　　　 D．courses C　[根据空前定语housekeeping可知，此处表达她给别人做家务活，也就是通过家务工作(jobs)挣钱让自己完成学业。] 49．A.studies B．purchases　　 C．recreations　　 D．trips A　[上文提到她做家务帮助她读完大学，因此本空表示她打扫浴室帮助她完成学业(studies)。] 50．A.skip B．panic　　　　 C．reform　　　　 D．complain D　[上文提到为了完成学业，她要做家务、打扫浴室，根据空后“I saw everything coming my way as an opportunity”可知，她把遇到的一切都当作机会。因此尽管学习完成不易，但是她不抱怨(complain)。] 51．A.applied B．admitted　　 C．assigned　　 D．introduced B　[上文“Then came another life­changing moment.”(接着又是一个改变人生的时刻。)可知，此处表示她被美国宇航局学院录取(be admitted to)，这是她人生的转折点。] 52．A.originated B．sank　　　　 C．landed　　　　 D．waited C　[根据空前主语the Perseverance rover及空后地点状语 on the surface of Mars可知，本空表示的是“毅力号”在火星表面着陆(landed)。] 53．A.accompanied B．restricted C．enhanced　　 D．teased A　[此处表示的是“毅力号”着陆时，同时伴随着(accompanied)广播中Trujillo的西班牙语的解说。] 54．A.theory B．broadcast　　 C．criticism　　 D．performance B　[此处表示“毅力号”在火星着陆时，伴随着Trujillo在美国宇航局首次西班牙语广播(broadcast)中的解说。] 55．A.enterprise B．information　　 C．competence D．proof D　[此空后that引导同位语从句，解释说明此空名词的内容，此处表示她的故事是一种证明(proof)，表明了越过障碍，有一个充满机遇的宇宙在等待着任何愿意努力工作去接近宇宙的人。] 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2021·四川省宜宾市高一下学期期末) Da Mao and Er Shun，two pandas which 56. (send) to Calgary Zoo in Canada in 2014，are being sent back to China two years ahead 57. schedule.Two cubs(幼崽)born to them will also be sent back. The animals feed on fresh bamboo，which is 58. (especial) flown in for them from China.But with the novel coronavirus outbreak affecting flights，fresh supplies 59. (delay) so far.According to the zoo staff，pandas are fussy eaters and will refuse bamboo that has spent a lot of time in transport.They have tried to find a new bamboo supplier to feed them，60. met many problems.“We believe the 61. (safe) place for Er Shun and Da Mao now is China 62. bamboo is rich and easy to access，” Calgary Zoo President and CEO Clement Lanthier said. People all say that Da Mao and Er Shun are fortunate enough 63. (have) a hometown to return to when faced with many 64. (difficulty) because China controlled the novel coronavirus outbreak successfully so that it can consider 65. (get) the pandas back and provide them with fresh bamboos. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了因为疫情影响，食物无法及时供应，加拿大被迫将大毛和二顺两只大熊猫和它们的幼崽送回中国。 56．解析：　were sent　考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语in 2014可知，本空应用一般过去时，且句子主语which 指的是two pandas和动词send之间为被动关系，故本空应用一般过去时的被动语态。 57．解析：　of　考查介词。ahead of schedule意为“提前”，故本空应用介词of。 58．解析：　especially　考查词性转换。本空修饰动词flown，故应用副词especially。 59．解析：　have been delayed　考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语so far可知，本空应用现在完成时，且句子主语fresh supplies和动词delay之间为被动关系，故本空应用现在完成时的被动语态。 60．解析：　but　考查连词。根据句意可知，本空前后句为转折关系，故本空应用连词but。 61．解析：　safest　考查形容词最高级。根据句意及空前定冠词the可知，本空应用形容词的最高级形式。 62．解析：　where　考查定语从句。本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词China，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故本空应用关系副词where引导定语从句。 63．解析：　to have　考查非谓语动词。be＋形容词＋enough to do sth意为“足够……做某事”，故本空应用动词不定式作结果状语。 64．解析：　difficulties　考查名词的单复数。根据空前形容词many可知，本空应用复数形式，故填difficulties。 65．解析：　getting　考查非谓语动词。consider doing sth意为“考虑做某事”，故本空应用动词­ing形式作宾语。 第四部分　写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) (2022·吉林省辽源市高二上学期期末) 假定你是学生会主席李华，校学生会将举行“唐诗宋词吟诵大赛”(Tang and Song Poetry Recitation Contest)，以此弘扬中国传统文化，特邀学校国外交换生参加，请你根据提示写一则书面通知，主要内容包括： 1．大赛的目的和意义； 2．时间和地点(校礼堂)； 3．欢迎国外交换生报名参加。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Notice The School Students’ Union [参考范文] Notice To make traditional Chinese culture better known and spread farther，there will be a Tang and Song Poetry Recitation Contest to be held next Friday from 8：30—11：30 by the students’ union.As the chairman of the students’ union，I’d like to invite all students，especially the foreign exchange students to attend it.On that day，all contestants are to gather at the school hall in advance. It’s necessary for all contestants to be well prepared for the contest，by which you can have a better understanding of traditional Chinese culture and your school life will be greatly enriched at the same time. Looking forward to your joining! The School Students’ Union 第二节(满分25分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2022·江苏省苏州市高二上学期期末) It was Christmas 1961.I was teaching in a small town in Ohio where my twenty­seven third graders eagerly looked forward to the great day of gifts giving. Each day the children produced some new wonder—strings of popcorn，hand­made decorations，and German bells made from wallpaper samples，which we hung from the ceiling. Through it all she remained distant，watching from a far，seemingly miles away.I wondered what would happen to this quiet child，once so happy，now so suddenly withdrawn.I hoped the celebrations would appeal to her.But nothing did. We made cards and gifts for mothers and dads，for sisters and brothers，for grandparents，and for each other.At home the students made the popular fried marbles(炸玻璃弹珠)and competed with one another to bring in the prettiest ones.“You put them in a hot frying pan，Teacher.And you let them get real hot，and then you watch what happens inside.But you don’t fry them too long or they break.” So，as my gift to them，I made each of my students little bags for carrying their fried marbles. And I knew they had each made something for me: bookmarks carefully cut，colored，and sometimes glued together; cards and special drawings; liquid embroidery doilies(桌垫)，to name but a few. The day of gift­giving finally came.We were amazed at our handwork as the presents were exchanged.Through it all，she sat quietly watching.I had made a special bag for her，red and green with white lace.I wanted very much to see her smile.She opened the package so slowly and carefully.I waited but she turned away.I thought I had failed to break the wall she had built around herself. After school，the children left in little groups，talking about the great day yet to come when long­hoped­for gifts would appear beside their trees at home. She stayed，watching all of the other students get dressed and go out of the door.I sat down in a child­sized chair to take a rest，hardly aware of what was to happen. 注意：1.续写词数应为150 左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Paragraph 1： She came to me with outstretched hands，bearing a small white box. Paragraph 2： In a flash I knew—she had made the fried marble chain for her mother，who had passed away three weeks before. [参考范文] Paragraph 1： She came to me with outstretched hands，bearing a small white box.The little box was unwrapped and slightly soiled，as though it had been held many times by unwashed，childish hands.She said nothing.“For me？” I asked with a weak smile，suddenly feeling very insecure for my thirty­old years.She said not a word，but nodded her head.I took the box and gingerly opened it.There inside，glistening green，a fried marble hung from a golden chain. Paragraph 2： In a flash I knew—she had made the fried marble chain for her mother，who had passed away three weeks before.I held out the chain.She took it in both her hands，reached forward，and secured the simple clasp at the back of my neck.She stepped back then as if to see that all was well.I looked down at the shiny piece of glass and the tarnished golden chain，then back at the giver.I meant it when I whispered，“Oh，Maria，it is so beautiful.She would have loved it.” Neither of us could stop the tears.She stumbled into my arms and we wept together.And for that brief moment I became her mother，for she had given me the greatest gift of all: herself. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$