Unit 4 Period 4 Extended reading - Assessment（分层作业）英语译林版选择性必修第一册

**基本信息** 分层设计清晰，A/B/C组从基础词汇到语篇思维梯度递进，适配新授课巩固需求，助力语言能力提升与思维品质培养。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |A组 巩固过关|基础词汇与语法|汉译英、适当形式填空，聚焦单一知识点夯实| |B组 能力进阶|词汇运用与句型结构|选词填空、完成句子，强化语境中的知识迁移| |C组 思维拔高|语篇理解与思维拓展|语法填空、阅读理解，通过文本分析提升推断与评价能力|

分层作业 Unit 4 Period 4 Extended reading - Assessment 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 一、汉译英 1．道歉（v.）___________________ 2．令人困惑的___________________ 3．慷慨，大方 （n.）____________________ 4．气氛，氛围；大气层________________ 5．意外的相遇，邂逅__________________ 6．迟疑，犹豫（v.）_________________ 7．看得见的，可见的________________ 8．灯笼 ________________ 9．代表（v.）_______________ 10．计划表，日程表_________________ 二、选词填空 阅读下列句子，根据语境提示，用方框内所给单词的恰当形式填空。 recognise  brave  soul  advocate  compose  severe  integrate  striking 1．That was the day when it took only six hours to break my body and . 2．Captain Scott left a record, for honesty, for sincerity, for , for everything that makes a man. 3．This is not only an honour for myself, but also of and encouragement for all scientists in China. 4．There is great potential for future advances if these two kinds of wisdom can be fully . 5．His injuries were so that he had no movement or feeling in his body at all and even needed a machine to help him breathe. 6．Reeve became a passionate and energetic for people with back injuries and disabilities, raising millions of dollars in support of medical research. 7．What makes it is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear — the figure’s mouth is wide open and letting out a powerful scream. 8．The one person in the room who didn’t hear the symphony — and never would — was the very man who it. 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1．The artist used  ________  (一个扩展隐喻) to show nature’s wisdom in her work. 2．When we ________(遭遇困难)in group projects, the new study room provides a space to discuss solutions. 3．________ (儒家的价值观), such as respecting the elderly and caring for the young, guide many people to treat others with kindness. 4．________________(被平静的音乐打动), he decided to study classical music in university.（过去分词作状语） 5．Equally impressive is Li Bai’s free expression of strong feelings, _______ _______ _______ _______(注入生机) the lifeless objects he describes, and which distinguishes him from other landscape poets. 6．After all these years, we finally ________(还清了我们所有的债务). 四、所给词的适当形式填空 1．Tu Youyou, (distinguish) for her great achievements, is highly respected worldwide. 2．He has become a famous cultural (represent) in this city in recent years. 3．The young nation has not attained political (stable) up till now. 4． (fascinate) by the plots of the novel, the boy didn’t hear what his mother said. 5．She (cast) a skeptical glance at the proposal before she began to read it carefully. 6．We (owe) a lot to those who help us in difficult times. 五、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Antoine de Saint-Exupery (1900-1944) was a French writer and pilot. Raised in a noble family, he fell in love with flying at an early age and 1 (take) his first airplane ride at the age of 12. He spent much of his life flying and writing about his 2 (adventure). Saint-Exupery’s most 3 (success) work, The Little Prince, is one of the best-selling books ever 4 (publish). The story was 5 (probable) inspired by his plane crash in the desert in 1935. Saint-Exupery nearly 6 (die) and wandered around for four days before 7 (rescue). On July 31, 1944, Saint-Exupery left on a wartime mission over occupied France, 8 which he never returned. 9 evidence indicated that he had likely been shot down, the true cause of his death remains unknown. In 2000, on the date of his birth, in the city 10 he was born, he was memorialized when the Lyon Satolas Airport was renamed the Lyon-Saint Exupery Airport. 六、阅读理解 B Liu Cixin, 57, is China’s most famous science fiction writer. His great work has earned the praise of Barack Obama and Mark Zuckerberg. He says that he writes science fiction because he enjoys imagining a world beyond the “narrow” one we live in. “For me, the essence of science fiction is using my imagination to fill in the gaps of my dreams,” says Liu. Liu’s strong interest in outer space began in childhood. At first, he hoped to explore it as an astronaut or astronomer, but he settled for reading and writing about it instead. Early exposure to books by Jules Verne, H.G. Wells and Arthur C． Clarke fired Liu’s imagination and motivated him to write. In 2015, he became the first Asian writer to win the Hugo Award, the most prestigious (有声望的) international science fiction prize. A 2019 adaptation of his short story The Wandering Earth became China’s third highest-grossing film of all time, and a TV version of his bestselling novel The Three-Body Problem has also been released. His latest book, To Hold Up the Sky, a collection of stories, was published in the U.S. in October 2020. Liu hopes his books give readers a sense of perspective. “Our reality is narrow, confined, and brief,” he says. “Whatever we think is important right now, in our ordinary lives, will no longer be important against a grander sense of time and space.” His goal is to inspire more people to take a moment to look up at the sky and cast their eyes at what’s beyond. The idea that someone might gaze at the stars because of his work is, he says, “the definition of success.” 1．What inspired Liu to create science fiction? A．The works of famous writers. B．The failure to be an astronaut. C．The discoveries of astronomers. D．The contact with great scientists. 2．What does the third paragraph mainly talk about? A．The origin of the Hugo Award. B．People’s views on Liu’s books. C．Liu’s outstanding achievements. D．The brief history of science fiction. 3．What does Liu consider as success? A．He can receive some literary awards B．He can be widely known to the public. C．His books gain international recognition. D．His work makes a difference to readers. 4．Which of the following can best describe Liu? A．A romantic scientist. B．A creative genius. C．An all-round artist. D．An active innovator. C Emily Dickinson (1830-1886) is one of the most honored poets in American literature. Although fewer than twelve of her poems were published during her lifetime, she wrote nearly 1,800 poems. Many of them explore deep themes such as nature, death, and the inner life of the human mind. Her poetic style is known for its unusual punctuation, short lines, and powerful use of metaphor. Dickinson’s unique voice continues to inspire readers worldwide. One of Dickinson’s most famous poems begins with these lines: ‘Hope’ is the thing with feathers - That perches (栖息) in the soul - In just two lines, she introduces an extended metaphor that runs through the whole poem. She compares hope to a bird. Like a bird, hope lives inside a person’s heart and never leaves. This “feathered thing” sings a sweet, wordless song that continues even in the strongest storms. The image of a bird singing in bad weather makes hope feel close and real. What makes Dickinson’s metaphor so distinctive is the contrast she creates. Unlike a real bird, which may fly away when conditions become hard, the hope-bird never asks for anything in return, not even a single piece of bread. It simply stays and sings, offering comfort without expecting payment. This quality — giving everything and asking for nothing — is rare. This idea that hope gives us so much yet asks nothing of us has made the poem enduringly popular for over 150 years. Another striking feature of the poem is its deliberate simplicity. Dickinson avoids complex imagery or difficult language. Instead, she uses everyday objects — feathers, a bird, a resting place, a piece of bread — to describe one of the most abstract human emotions. By making the abstract feel concrete, she allows readers to see, feel, and even hear hope in a completely new way. This simplicity is a careful choice, not a lack of skill. For many readers, the poem offers not just beautiful literature, but also a comforting message about the human spirit. No matter how harsh life’s storms become, hope remains with us, forever ready to sing. In this way, a simple metaphor becomes a lasting source of comfort that still touches hearts today. 1．What does the author mean by “extended metaphor”? A．A metaphor developed through several related details. B．A metaphor used a single time in a poem. C．A metaphor comparing two different emotions. D．A metaphor that repeats the exact same line. 2．What makes Dickinson’s metaphor unusual? A．The hope-bird flies away when life gets tough. B．The hope-bird sings only during storms. C．The hope-bird never leaves or asks for anything. D．The hope-bird is a real bird living in the soul. 3．How does the author discuss the poem’s simplicity? A．By arguing simple poems are more valuable. B．By comparing her skill to other poets’. C．By listing complex words Dickinson avoids. D．By showing how ordinary items make hope concrete. 4．According to the passage, what can be inferred from Dickinson’s poem about hope? A．The song of hope can barely be heard by those who have suffered greatly. B．Hope is more valuable during difficult times than that in peaceful ones. C．Hope’s strength lies in its continuous presence without demanding anything. D．Hope is like a bird that must be fed regularly to keep singing. 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 分层作业 Unit 4 Period 4 Extended reading - Assessment 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 一、汉译英 【答案】 1．apologize 2．confusing 3．generosity 4．atmosphere 5．encounter 6．hesitate 7．visible 8．lantern 9．represent 10．schedule 二、选词填空 【答案】 1．soul 2．bravery 3．recognition 4．integrated 5．severe 6．advocate 7．striking 8．composed 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1．【答案】an extended metaphor 2．【答案】encounter difficulties 3．【答案】The values of Confucianism 4．【答案】Moved/Touched/Fascinated/Impressed/Overwhelmed by the peaceful music 5．【答案】which breathes vitality into 6．【答案】paid off all our debts 四、所给词的适当形式填空 1．【答案】distinguished 2．【答案】representative 3．【答案】stability 4．【答案】Fascinated 5．【答案】cast/had cast 6．【答案】owe 五、语法填空 【答案】 1．took 2．adventures 3．successful 4．published 5．probably 6．died 7．being rescued 8．after/from 9．Although/Though/While 10．where 六、阅读理解 B 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B C 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．C 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 分层作业 Unit 4 Period 4 Extended reading - Assessment 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 一、汉译英 1．道歉（v.）___________________ 2．令人困惑的___________________ 3．慷慨，大方 （n.）____________________ 4．气氛，氛围；大气层________________ 5．意外的相遇，邂逅__________________ 6．迟疑，犹豫（v.）_________________ 7．看得见的，可见的________________ 8．灯笼 ________________ 9．代表（v.）_______________ 10．计划表，日程表_________________ 【答案】 1．apologize 2．confusing 3．generosity 4．atmosphere 5．encounter 6．hesitate 7．visible 8．lantern 9．represent 10．schedule 【解析】 1．根据汉语提示“道歉”可知英文表达为apologize，动词词性。故填apologize。 2．根据汉语提示“令人困惑的”可知英文表达为confusing，形容词词性。故填confusing。 3．根据汉语提示“慷慨，大方”可知英文表达为generosity，名词词性。故填generosity。 4．根据汉语提示“气氛，氛围；大气层”可知英文表达为atmosphere，名词词性。故填atmosphere。 5．根据汉语提示“意外的相遇，邂逅”可知英文表达为encounter，名词和动词词性。故填encounter。 6．根据汉语提示“迟疑，犹豫”可知英文表达为hesitate，动词词性。故填hesitate。 7．根据汉语提示“看得见的，可见的”可知英文表达为visible，形容词词性。故填visible。 8．根据汉语提示“灯笼”可知英文表达为lantern，名词词性。故填lantern。 9．根据汉语提示“代表”可知英文表达为represent，动词词性。故填represent。 10．根据汉语提示“计划表，日程表”可知英文表达为schedule，名词词性。故填schedule。 二、选词填空 阅读下列句子，根据语境提示，用方框内所给单词的恰当形式填空。 recognise  brave  soul  advocate  compose  severe  integrate  striking 1．That was the day when it took only six hours to break my body and . 2．Captain Scott left a record, for honesty, for sincerity, for , for everything that makes a man. 3．This is not only an honour for myself, but also of and encouragement for all scientists in China. 4．There is great potential for future advances if these two kinds of wisdom can be fully . 5．His injuries were so that he had no movement or feeling in his body at all and even needed a machine to help him breathe. 6．Reeve became a passionate and energetic for people with back injuries and disabilities, raising millions of dollars in support of medical research. 7．What makes it is that it shows a thin figure with an expression of fear — the figure’s mouth is wide open and letting out a powerful scream. 8．The one person in the room who didn’t hear the symphony — and never would — was the very man who it. 【答案】 1．soul 2．bravery 3．recognition 4．integrated 5．severe 6．advocate 7．striking 8．composed 【解析】 1．考查名词。句意：就在那一天，短短六个小时便摧垮了我的身心。根据并列结构“break my body and”可知，此处与body对应，需填名词，soul意为“心灵；灵魂”。 2．考查名词。句意：斯科特船长留下了一份记录，诠释诚实、真诚、勇敢以及成就一个人的所有美好品质。根据介词for后并列的名词honesty以及sincerity可知，此处需填名词，brave的名词形式bravery“勇敢”符合题意。 3．考查名词。句意：这不仅是我个人的荣誉，也是对中国所有科研工作者的认可与鼓舞。根据并列名词encouragement可知，此处需填名词，recognise的名词形式recognition“认可；赏识”符合题意。 4．考查被动语态。句意：若这两种智慧能够充分融合，未来的发展潜力巨大。根据句意以及can be可知，此处为被动结构，结合“these two kinds of wisdom”可知，integrate的过去分词integrated“融合；结合”符合题意。 5．考查形容词。句意：他的伤势极为严重，全身完全无法活动、失去知觉，甚至需要依靠机器辅助呼吸。副词so后接形容词，severe意为“严重的”，修饰injuries。 6．考查名词。句意：里夫满怀热忱与活力，成为背部受伤及残障人士的拥护者，筹集数百万美元资助医学研究。冠词a后接单数名词，advocate意为“拥护者；倡导者”，符合语境。 7．考查形容词。句意：它的引人注目之处在于，画面呈现出一个神情恐惧的瘦削身影，嘴巴大张，发出剧烈的呐喊。固定结构make sth. adj.，此处需填形容词作宾语补足语，striking意为“引人注目的；惊人的”。 8．考查动词时态。句意：房间里唯一一个听不到这首交响乐、且永远无法听到的人，正是创作它的那位作曲家。定语从句缺少谓语动词，compose意为“创作（乐曲）”，乐曲创作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，compose的过去式为composed。 三、根据汉语提示完成句子 1．The artist used  ________  (一个扩展隐喻) to show nature’s wisdom in her work. 【答案】an extended metaphor 【详解】考查形容词和名词。句意：这位艺术家在她的作品中用一个扩展隐喻来展现自然的智慧。根据汉语提示“一个扩展隐喻”可知，此处用形容词extended作定语，修饰名词metaphor，extended以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an，an extended metaphor作宾语。故填an extended metaphor。 2．When we ________(遭遇困难)in group projects, the new study room provides a space to discuss solutions. 【答案】encounter difficulties 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：当我们在小组项目中遇到困难时，新的自习室提供了一个讨论解决方案的空间。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为动词短语encounter difficulties“遭遇困难”，满足句意要求，结合主句动词provides可知，此处为一般现在时，主语we是复数，谓语动词用原形。故填encounter difficulties。 3．________ (儒家的价值观), such as respecting the elderly and caring for the young, guide many people to treat others with kindness. 【答案】The values of Confucianism 【详解】考查名词。句意：儒家的价值观，例如尊老爱幼，引导许多人以善意对待他人。表示“儒家”用专有名词Confucianism，表示“价值观”使用名词复数形式values，表示儒家倡导的多种价值观念。定冠词限定，用介词of表示所属关系，句首单词首字母大写，故填The values of Confucianism。 4．________________(被平静的音乐打动), he decided to study classical music in university.（过去分词作状语） 【答案】Moved/Touched/Fascinated/Impressed/Overwhelmed by the peaceful music 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他被平静的音乐打动，决定在大学里学习古典音乐。表示“被……打动”使用固定短语be moved/touched/fascinated/impressed/overwhelmed by，“平静的音乐”译为peaceful music，空处作状语，去掉be动词，使用过去分词短语。故填Moved/Touched/Fascinated/Impressed/Overwhelmed by the peaceful music。 5．Equally impressive is Li Bai’s free expression of strong feelings, _______ _______ _______ _______(注入生机) the lifeless objects he describes, and which distinguishes him from other landscape poets. 【答案】which breathes vitality into 【详解】考查定语从句，动词，名词，介词。句意：同样令人印象深刻的是，李白对强烈感情的自由表达，使他所描绘的无生命的物体充满了活力，这是他与其他风景诗人的区别。此处需要使用连接词引导从句，与下文“and which distinguishes him from other landscape poets.”构成并列从句，“注入”使用动词短语“breathe into”，“活力”使用名词“vitality”，“注入活力”则为“breathe vitality into”；此处使用关系词引导定语从句，先行词为“Equally impressive is Li Bai’s free expression of strong feelings”整个句子，在定语从句中作主语，指物，因此使用关系代词which。表示单数意义，因此从句谓语为单数，其句子描述一般事实，因此需要使用一般现在时。故答案为：①which；②breathes；③vitality；④into。 6．After all these years, we finally ________(还清了我们所有的债务). 【答案】paid off all our debts 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：经过这么多年，我们终于还清了所有的债务。“还清”使用动词短语pay off，“我们所有的债务”译为all our debts，结合句意可知，句子是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填paid off all our debts。 四、所给词的适当形式填空 1．Tu Youyou, (distinguish) for her great achievements, is highly respected worldwide. 【答案】distinguished 【详解】句意：因卓越成就闻名的屠呦呦，在全球备受尊敬。此处Tu Youyou与distinguish构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。 2．He has become a famous cultural (represent) in this city in recent years. 【答案】representative 【详解】句意：近几年，他成了这座城市著名的文化代表。根据cultural以及不定冠词a可知，此处需用单数名词；represent的名词形式为representative，表示“代表”，在句中作表语。 3．The young nation has not attained political (stable) up till now. 【答案】stability 【详解】句意：这个年轻的国家至今尚未实现政治稳定。根据空前的形容词political可知，空处需填名词stability作宾语，表示“稳定性”。 4． (fascinate) by the plots of the novel, the boy didn’t hear what his mother said. 【答案】Fascinated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个男孩被小说的情节迷住了，没听见他妈妈说什么。此处为非谓语动词作状语，动词fascinate与逻辑主语the boy之间为被动关系，表示“被迷住”，应用过去分词形式作状语，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填Fascinated。 5．She (cast) a skeptical glance at the proposal before she began to read it carefully. 【答案】cast/had cast 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在她开始仔细阅读提案之前，她怀疑地瞥了一眼。主句动作“cast a glance”发生在从句动作“began”之前，可用一般过去时表示过去发生的动作，也可用过去完成时“had done”强调动作的先后顺序。cast的过去式和过去分词均为cast。故填cast/had cast。 6．We (owe) a lot to those who help us in difficult times. 【答案】owe 【详解】考查动词。句意：我们非常感激那些在困难时期帮助过我们的人。此处在句中作谓语动词，主语为we，为复数，与owe之间为主动关系，且此处陈述客观事实，故应用一般现在时，故填owe。 五、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Antoine de Saint-Exupery (1900-1944) was a French writer and pilot. Raised in a noble family, he fell in love with flying at an early age and 1 (take) his first airplane ride at the age of 12. He spent much of his life flying and writing about his 2 (adventure). Saint-Exupery’s most 3 (success) work, The Little Prince, is one of the best-selling books ever 4 (publish). The story was 5 (probable) inspired by his plane crash in the desert in 1935. Saint-Exupery nearly 6 (die) and wandered around for four days before 7 (rescue). On July 31, 1944, Saint-Exupery left on a wartime mission over occupied France, 8 which he never returned. 9 evidence indicated that he had likely been shot down, the true cause of his death remains unknown. In 2000, on the date of his birth, in the city 10 he was born, he was memorialized when the Lyon Satolas Airport was renamed the Lyon-Saint Exupery Airport. 【答案】 1．took 2．adventures 3．successful 4．published 5．probably 6．died 7．being rescued 8．after/from 9．Although/Though/While 10．where 【导语】本文介绍作家兼飞行员圣埃克苏佩里，他热爱飞行，《小王子》灵感源自沙漠坠机，执行战时任务失踪，里昂机场更名以纪念他。 【详解】 1．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：他出身贵族家庭，年少时便爱上飞行，12岁时第一次乘坐飞机。这里考查谓语动词，主语he与take为主动关系，全文讲述过去生平，应用一般过去时，take过去式为took。 2．考查名词复数。句意：他一生大部分时间都在飞行，并写下自己的种种历险经历。adventure表示多段冒险经历时为可数名词，此处应用复数adventures表多次冒险。 3．考查形容词。句意：圣埃克苏佩里最成功的作品《小王子》是有史以来已出版的销量最高的书籍之一。修饰名词work，需用形容词，success的形容词形式successful。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：圣埃克苏佩里最成功的作品《小王子》是有史以来已出版的销量最高的书籍之一。此处为非谓语，books与publish为被动关系，再由语境可知，应用过去分词作后置定语。 5．考查副词。句意：这个故事的灵感很可能来源于他1935年在沙漠发生的飞机失事。修饰动词was inspired，需用副词，probable的副词形式probably。 6．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：圣埃克苏佩里险些丧命，在获救前在沙漠里徘徊了四天。这里考查谓语动词，主语Saint-Exupery与die为主动关系，事件发生在1935年，应用一般过去时，die过去式为died。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：圣埃克苏佩里险些丧命，在获救前在沙漠里徘徊了四天。此处为非谓语，主语he与rescue为被动关系，介词before后接动名词，所以应填being rescued。 8．考查介词 + 定语从句。句意：1944年7月31日，圣埃克苏佩里驾机飞越被占领的法国执行战时任务，再也没有从这次任务中回来。固定搭配return from或者return after，表“在……之后返回”或者“从……中返回”，介词提前，关系代词which指代mission，所以应填after或from。 9．考查连词。句意：尽管有证据表明他很可能被击落，但他真正的死因仍无从考证。分析句子结构可知，前后存在让步逻辑，且句首首字母大写，所以可填Although或Though或While。 10．考查定语从句。句意：2000年，在他诞辰当天，在他出生的城市，里昂萨托拉斯机场更名为里昂圣埃克苏佩里机场，以此纪念他。此处为限制性定语从句，先行词the city，表地点，从句缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。 六、阅读理解 B Liu Cixin, 57, is China’s most famous science fiction writer. His great work has earned the praise of Barack Obama and Mark Zuckerberg. He says that he writes science fiction because he enjoys imagining a world beyond the “narrow” one we live in. “For me, the essence of science fiction is using my imagination to fill in the gaps of my dreams,” says Liu. Liu’s strong interest in outer space began in childhood. At first, he hoped to explore it as an astronaut or astronomer, but he settled for reading and writing about it instead. Early exposure to books by Jules Verne, H.G. Wells and Arthur C． Clarke fired Liu’s imagination and motivated him to write. In 2015, he became the first Asian writer to win the Hugo Award, the most prestigious (有声望的) international science fiction prize. A 2019 adaptation of his short story The Wandering Earth became China’s third highest-grossing film of all time, and a TV version of his bestselling novel The Three-Body Problem has also been released. His latest book, To Hold Up the Sky, a collection of stories, was published in the U.S. in October 2020. Liu hopes his books give readers a sense of perspective. “Our reality is narrow, confined, and brief,” he says. “Whatever we think is important right now, in our ordinary lives, will no longer be important against a grander sense of time and space.” His goal is to inspire more people to take a moment to look up at the sky and cast their eyes at what’s beyond. The idea that someone might gaze at the stars because of his work is, he says, “the definition of success.” 1．What inspired Liu to create science fiction? A．The works of famous writers. B．The failure to be an astronaut. C．The discoveries of astronomers. D．The contact with great scientists. 2．What does the third paragraph mainly talk about? A．The origin of the Hugo Award. B．People’s views on Liu’s books. C．Liu’s outstanding achievements. D．The brief history of science fiction. 3．What does Liu consider as success? A．He can receive some literary awards B．He can be widely known to the public. C．His books gain international recognition. D．His work makes a difference to readers. 4．Which of the following can best describe Liu? A．A romantic scientist. B．A creative genius. C．An all-round artist. D．An active innovator. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍中国著名科幻作家刘慈欣的创作动机、走上科幻创作道路的缘由、杰出成就及他对成功的定义。 【详解】 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Early exposure to books by Jules Verne, H.G. Wells and Arthur C. Clarke fired Liu’s imagination and motivated him to write.(早期接触儒勒·凡尔纳、H.G.威尔斯和阿瑟·C.克拉克的书籍激发了刘慈欣的想象力，并促使他进行创作)”可知，著名作家的作品激发了刘慈欣创作科幻小说的灵感。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“In 2015, he became the first Asian writer to win the Hugo Award, the most prestigious (有声望的) international science fiction prize. A 2019 adaptation of his short story The Wandering Earth became China’s third highest-grossing film of all time, and a TV version of his bestselling novel The Three-Body Problem has also been released. His latest book, To Hold Up the Sky, a collection of stories, was published in the U.S. in October 2020.(2015年，他成为首位获得雨果奖——国际最具声望的科幻奖项——的亚洲作家。2019年，根据他短篇小说《流浪地球》改编的电影成为中国影史票房第三高的电影，他的畅销小说《三体》的电视剧也已播出。他的最新短篇小说集《擎天》于2020年10月在美国出版)”可知，第三段主要介绍了刘慈欣取得的一系列杰出成就。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“The idea that someone might gaze at the stars because of his work is, he says, “the definition of success.”(他说，如果有人会因为他的作品而抬头凝望星空，这就是“成功的定义”)”可推知，刘慈欣认为成功就是自己的作品能够对读者产生影响。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“He says that he writes science fiction because he enjoys imagining a world beyond the “narrow” one we live in. “For me, the essence of science fiction is using my imagination to fill in the gaps of my dreams,” says Liu.(他说，他写科幻小说是因为他喜爱想象一个超越我们当下生活的“狭窄”世界的别样世界。刘慈欣说：“对我而言，科幻的本质就是用想象力填补我梦想的空白”)”，结合他创作出诸多优秀作品、斩获国际顶尖奖项的经历，可推知刘慈欣是一位极具创造力的天才。 C Emily Dickinson (1830-1886) is one of the most honored poets in American literature. Although fewer than twelve of her poems were published during her lifetime, she wrote nearly 1,800 poems. Many of them explore deep themes such as nature, death, and the inner life of the human mind. Her poetic style is known for its unusual punctuation, short lines, and powerful use of metaphor. Dickinson’s unique voice continues to inspire readers worldwide. One of Dickinson’s most famous poems begins with these lines: ‘Hope’ is the thing with feathers - That perches (栖息) in the soul - In just two lines, she introduces an extended metaphor that runs through the whole poem. She compares hope to a bird. Like a bird, hope lives inside a person’s heart and never leaves. This “feathered thing” sings a sweet, wordless song that continues even in the strongest storms. The image of a bird singing in bad weather makes hope feel close and real. What makes Dickinson’s metaphor so distinctive is the contrast she creates. Unlike a real bird, which may fly away when conditions become hard, the hope-bird never asks for anything in return, not even a single piece of bread. It simply stays and sings, offering comfort without expecting payment. This quality — giving everything and asking for nothing — is rare. This idea that hope gives us so much yet asks nothing of us has made the poem enduringly popular for over 150 years. Another striking feature of the poem is its deliberate simplicity. Dickinson avoids complex imagery or difficult language. Instead, she uses everyday objects — feathers, a bird, a resting place, a piece of bread — to describe one of the most abstract human emotions. By making the abstract feel concrete, she allows readers to see, feel, and even hear hope in a completely new way. This simplicity is a careful choice, not a lack of skill. For many readers, the poem offers not just beautiful literature, but also a comforting message about the human spirit. No matter how harsh life’s storms become, hope remains with us, forever ready to sing. In this way, a simple metaphor becomes a lasting source of comfort that still touches hearts today. 1．What does the author mean by “extended metaphor”? A．A metaphor developed through several related details. B．A metaphor used a single time in a poem. C．A metaphor comparing two different emotions. D．A metaphor that repeats the exact same line. 2．What makes Dickinson’s metaphor unusual? A．The hope-bird flies away when life gets tough. B．The hope-bird sings only during storms. C．The hope-bird never leaves or asks for anything. D．The hope-bird is a real bird living in the soul. 3．How does the author discuss the poem’s simplicity? A．By arguing simple poems are more valuable. B．By comparing her skill to other poets’. C．By listing complex words Dickinson avoids. D．By showing how ordinary items make hope concrete. 4．According to the passage, what can be inferred from Dickinson’s poem about hope? A．The song of hope can barely be heard by those who have suffered greatly. B．Hope is more valuable during difficult times than that in peaceful ones. C．Hope’s strength lies in its continuous presence without demanding anything. D．Hope is like a bird that must be fed regularly to keep singing. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了美国诗人艾米莉·狄金森及其一首著名诗歌。在诗中“希望”被比作小鸟的延伸隐喻，探讨了这一隐喻的独特之处以及诗歌语言简洁性的艺术效果。 【详解】 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段“that runs through the whole poem. She compares hope to a bird. Like a bird, hope lives inside a person’s heart and never leaves. (一个贯穿全诗的……。她将希望比作一只鸟。如同鸟儿一般，希望存在于人的心中，永不离去)”可知，作者指出狄金森在诗的前两行引入了一个“extended metaphor”，将希望比作小鸟，随后整个诗歌都围绕这一比喻展开。由此推测“extended metaphor”指的是通过多个相关意象展开并贯穿全诗的比喻。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“What makes Dickinson’s metaphor so distinctive is the contrast she creates. Unlike a real bird, which may fly away when conditions become hard, the hope-bird never asks for anything in return, not even a single piece of bread. It simply stays and sings, offering comfort without expecting payment. This quality — giving everything and asking for nothing — is rare.(狄金森的隐喻之所以如此独特，是因为她所创造的对比。与真正的鸟不同，当环境艰难时，它可能会飞走；而希望之鸟却从不索取回报，哪怕只是一块面包。它静静地伫立着，唱着歌，给予安慰却从不求回报。这种品质——付出一切却从不索取——极为罕见)”可知，作者指出真正的鸟在环境恶劣时会飞走，但狄金森笔下的“希望之鸟”恰恰相反——不求回报。这种“给予一切却不求回报”的品质正是这一隐喻的独特之处。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Another striking feature of the poem is its deliberate simplicity. Dickinson avoids complex imagery or difficult language. Instead, she uses everyday objects — feathers, a bird, a resting place, a piece of bread — to describe one of the most abstract human emotions. By making the abstract feel concrete, she allows readers to see, feel, and even hear hope in a completely new way. (这首诗的另一个显著特点是其刻意的简洁。狄金森避免使用复杂的意象或艰深的语言，而是借助日常事物——羽毛、一只鸟、一处安息之地、一片面包——来描绘人类最抽象的情感之一。通过让抽象变得具体，她使读者得以以一种全新的方式看见、感受甚至听见希望)”可知，狄金森避免使用复杂的意象或难懂的语言，而是用日常物品来描述抽象的“希望”。作者通过展示狄金森如何用具体事物使抽象概念变得可感来讨论诗歌的简洁性。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“No matter how harsh life’s storms become, hope remains with us, forever ready to sing.(无论生活中的风暴多么猛烈，希望始终与我们同在，永远准备着歌唱)”及第三段“Unlike a real bird, which may fly away when conditions become hard, the hope-bird never asks for anything in return, not even a single piece of bread. It simply stays and sings, offering comfort without expecting payment.(与真正的鸟不同，当环境艰难时，它可能会飞走；而希望之鸟却从不索取回报，哪怕只是一块面包。它静静地伫立着，唱着歌，给予安慰却从不求回报)”可知，作者暗示希望的力量在于它持续存在且不求回报。 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $