UNIT 4 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【金版新学案】2023-2024学年新教材高一英语选择性必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（译林版2020）

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage 动词­ing形式和动词­ed形式作表语 [教材示例] 1．It is amazing that every time Monet studied this simple scene, he brought the pond’s beauty to the canvas in a unique way. 2．I was amazed to see all the paintings. 3．It was surprising then to see so many people viewing important and precious artworks through their smartphones. 4．Moving slowly through the National Gallery, I was determined to keep my smartphone in my bag ... [我的发现] 1．句1和句3中作表语的是动词­ing形式。 2．句2和句4中作表语的是动词­ed形式。 一、动词­ing形式作表语 作表语的动词­ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。 1．现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，一般用来形容事或物本身具有的性质，常译为“令人……的”，修饰物。 The amount of time that people spend watching television is astonishing. 人们用于看电视的时间是令人震惊的。 [名师点津]　作表语的动词­ing形式常见的有：moving, interesting，encouraging，exciting, inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing，embarrassing，satisfying等。 2．动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容，作表语的动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，主语、表语可互换位置。 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job. 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 3．动词­ing形式作表语与进行时态的区别： 动词­ing形式作表语时，相当于形容词，不可与构成进行时态的分词混淆起来。它们的形式一样，但可以从意义上予以区别。 The film is moving. 这部电影很感人。(表语，说明主语的性质) My duty is teaching them swimming. 我的职责是教他们游泳。(表语，说明主语的具体内容) They are moving next Sunday. 他们下周日搬家。(现在进行时，表示动作) 二、动词­ed形式作表语 1．动词­ed形式作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，一般用来形容人的某种感觉或体会，常译为“(人)感到……的”。 They became so worried that they stayed awake all night.他们很担心，一整晚都没有睡觉。 All the fans are very excited.所有粉丝都很兴奋。 2．动词­ed形式作表语与被动语态的区别： 动词­ed形式作表语，主要是表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示动作。 The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。(被动语态，表示动作) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了。(作表语，表示主语的状态) [名师点津]　作表语的动词­ed形式常见的有：interested，terrified，puzzled，satisfied，bored，surprised，amazed，satisfied等。 三、动词­ing形式与动词­ed形式作表语的区别 分词作表语有两种情况，一种是动词­ing形式作表语，一种是动词­ed形式作表语。动词­ing形式意为“令人……的”，动词­ed形式则是“感到……的”。这类词常见的有： interesting 有趣的—interested感兴趣的 exciting令人激动的—excited感到激动的 disappointing令人失望的—disappointed感到失望的 encouraging 令人鼓舞的—encouraged感到鼓舞的 confusing 令人费解的—confused感到费解的 pleasing令人愉快的—pleased感到愉快的 puzzling令人费解的—puzzled感到费解的 satisfying令人满意的—satisfied感到满意的 moving令人感动的—moved感到感动的 维度一　单词拼写 1．The trees provide shade(阴凉处)for the animals in the summer. 2．Some mushrooms(蘑菇)are good to eat while some are poisonous. 3．This information is only raw(未经加工的)data and will need further analysis. 4．Until now，wage(工资)increases have always kept pace with inflation. 5．This building is a good example of European architecture(建筑风格). 维度二　单句语法填空 1．Many people have expressed their dissatisfaction with the arrangement (arrange). 2．It’s amazing (amaze) that no one else has applied for the job. 3．All the criticism the pupil had received was quite discouraging (discourage). 4．He feels annoyed (annoy) when the flight is late and there was no explanation. 5．I am really confused (confuse).Could you help me with the instructions，please? 维度三　语法与写作 1．The job is appealing to the new graduates. 这项工作对于大学毕业生来说是有吸引力的。(appeal) 2．The result of the assessment was very disappointing． 评估结果令人非常失望。(disappoint) 3．The whole room is bathed in soft lighting. 整个房间沐浴在柔光之中。(bath) bathe vt.以(光线)洒满，覆盖，使沐浴(在光线里)；用水清洗 (教材原句)I enjoyed the whole experience—to be able to bathe my senses in this palace of human creativity.我很享受整个体验——能在人类创造力的殿堂里沐浴我的感官。 (1)bathe...in...　　　 使……浸满…… be bathed in 沐浴在……中，沉浸在……中 be bathed in light/sunshine　　　　　　 沐浴在阳光中 be bathed in sweat 汗流浃背 (2)bath n. 沐浴， 洗澡 take/have a bath 洗澡 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①The mother bathed (bathe) her children and asked them to go to bed. ②Last night, a full moon bathed the countryside in a silver light. ③I was taking a bath (bathe) when there was a knock at the door. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④He found that the city was bathed in a festive atmosphere. 他发现这座城市沉浸在节日的气氛中。 arrange vt.& vi.整理，布置；安排，筹备 (教材原句)Arrange the vegetables on the toast to create your portrait.把蔬菜放在烤面包上，做成你的肖像。 (1)arrange sth for sb　　　　 为某人安排某事 arrange to do sth 安排做某事 arrange for sb to do sth 安排某人做某事 (2)arrangement n. 安排，筹划 make arrangements for... 为……安排好 [佳句背诵]　Have you arranged to meet him? 你安排好去见他了吗？ ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①(2020·山东高考)Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children. ②The company will arrange for a clerk to meet (meet) you at the airport. ③We had an arrangement (arrange) that he would clean the house and I would cook. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④I’d like to tell you that my classmates and I have arranged to visit the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival. 我想告诉你，我和我的同学已安排好下周六重阳节去访问附近的敬老院。 课时精练(十)　Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [基础达标] 维度一　单句语法填空 1．Managing an online reputation can be challenging (challenge). 2．If someone is suddenly very scared (scare)，you can say they nearly jumped out of their skin! 3．In fact，social activities can contribute greatly to making the children feel safe and loved (love). 4．When he went outside half an hour later，he was astonished (astonish) to find that the little black lamb was almost white. 5．He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone (go). 6．The art show in this town next week sounds appealing(appeal). 7．The children are just beginning to get excited (excite) about using words and forming sentences. 8．The public were pleased(please) that they would have free access to these exhibitions. 9．The question raised by the chemistry teacher was so puzzling (puzzle) that no one could solve it. 10．The people found that the soft colours in this painting were very relaxing (relax). 维度二　完成句子 1．Jerry felt a bit disappointed for his father’s absence. 对于他父亲的缺席，杰瑞感到有点失望。 2．Many foreign friends are very interested in Chinese culture. 许多外国朋友对中国文化很感兴趣。 3．What I am tired of is waiting here alone． 我讨厌的是独自在这里等。 4．He seemed very embarrassed when he was caught telling a lie. 当他说谎被发现时，他似乎很尴尬。 5．The instructions on the box are very confusing． 盒子上的使用说明非常令人费解。 维度三　语法与语篇 It was 1.exciting (excite) to visit the National Gallery.As I wandered in it，I was 2.amazed (amaze)to see all the paintings.I felt 3.excited (excite) about the skill of the artists，their use of colour and how they played with light and shade.It was 4.surprising (surprise) then to see so many people viewing important and precious artworks through their smartphones.It might sound 5.shocking (shock)，but they seemed more 6.interested (interest) in taking photos and videos of artworks than appreciating them with their own eyes.How was it possible—I was really 7.puzzled (puzzle)—to truly appreciate the human touch of a great painting when it was reduced to a few million pixels? I thought looking at artworks through smartphones was 8.trying (try) to appreciate the countryside without being able to hear the birds sing，feel the breeze against my face or smell the flowers.Moving slowly through the National Gallery，I was 9.determined (determine) to keep my smartphone in my bag and appreciate each individual painting with the best camera in the world: my own eyes，which was 10.exhausting (exhaust) but pleasing. [素能提升] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2022·河北省唐山市高二上学期期末) A Family of Magazines Take a look at the descriptions below to see which magazine is right for you! Let’s Talk in English ·Focus: Everyday conversational English. ·Audience: Suitable for junior high school students who want to improve their conversational English. ·Content: Covers such topics as shopping，work and family in daily American life. Hot English ·Focus: Modern，spoken English in a fun and easy­to­learn form. ·Audience: Suitable for teachers and those preparing for TOEFL and other standard exams. ·Content: Lots of idioms that no one else will teach you，useful English expressions，phrasal verbs.Real English in true contexts. Studio Classroom ·Focus: Using practical English to speak on a variety of topics. ·Audience: Suitable for high school students and those beginning to express themselves on various topics in English. ·Content: Covers such topics as current trends，technology，travel，outdoor activities，business，famous people，lifestyle and idioms. Advanced ·Focus: Expanding knowledge and developing an international perspective. ·Audience: Suitable for graduate students，business people，and advanced level students. ·Content: Articles from a variety of internationally respected magazines are used to discuss topics such as international politics，technology，finance，health and literature. How to Subscribe ·Subscribe online: Studio Classroom eShop ·Subscription Service: (0060)25339123 ·Mail: You can print an order form and mail it to our central office. Sending multiple copies of the form by mail may result in extra charges to your account. To confirm your order，please call at least 7 days after placing it: (0060)25330606. ·In person: Welcome to visit any of our branch offices and subscribe in person. 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本杂志以及如何订阅它们。 1．Who is Hot English intended for? A．Those who prepare for exams. B．Those who want to be teachers. C．Those who like shopping online. D．Those who learn written English. A　[细节理解题。根据Hot English部分中“Audience: Suitable for teachers and those preparing for TOEFL and other standard exams.”可知，Hot English适合老师和准备托福和其他考试的人，故选A项。] 2．Which magazine best suits a sales manager? A．Let’s Talk in English. B．Studio Classroom. C．Hot English. D．Advanced. D　[细节理解题。根据Advanced部分中“Audience: Suitable for graduate students，business people，and advanced level students.”可知，Advanced适合销售经理，故选D项。] 3．How many types of subscription are available? A．4. B．5. C．6. D．7. A　[细节理解题。根据How to Subscribe部分中“Subscribe online，Subscription Service，Mail，In person”可知，本文介绍了四种订阅方式，故选A项。] B (2021·沈阳市郊联体高二上学期期末) When it comes to the most famous 20th century painters of the United States，Grandma Moses should be mentioned，although she did not start painting until she was in her late seventies.As she once said to herself ，“I would never sit back in a rocking chair，waiting for someone to help me”．No one could have had a more active old age. She was born on a farm in New York State，one of five boys and five girls.At 12 she left home and was in domestic service until at 27 she married Thomas Moses，the hired hand of one of her employers.They farmed most of their lives，first in Virginia and then in New York State，at Eagle Bridge.She had ten children，of whom five survived; her husband died in 1927. Grandma Moses painted a little as a child and made embroidery(刺绣)pictures as a hobby，but only changed to oils in old age because her hands became too stiff(僵硬的)to sew and she still wanted to keep busy and pass the time.Her pictures were first sold at the local drugstore and at a market and were soon noticed by a businessman who bought all that she painted.Three of the pictures were exhibited in the Museum of Modern Art，and in 1940 she had her first exhibition in New York.Between the 1930’s and her death，she produced some 2，000 pictures: careful and lively portrayals of the country life she had known for so long，with a wonderful sense of color and form.“I think really hard till I think of something really pretty，and then I paint it” she said. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了20世纪美国著名的画家Grandma Moses的生平，介绍了她的作品和创作风格。 4．What can we learn about Moses? A．She stopped painting in her late seventies. B．She still led an active life when she was old. C．Her marriage life was not happy. D．She painted oils as a child. B　[细节理解题。根据第一段中No one could have had a more active old age.可知，Moses老的时候仍然过着积极的生活，故选B项。] 5．What did Grandma Moses spend most of her life doing? A．Embroidering. B．Farming. C．Nursing. D．Painting. B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中They farmed most of their lives，first in Virginia and then in New York State，at Eagle Bridge.可知，Grandma Moses一生绝大部分时间都在务农，故选B项。] 6．What does the underlined word “portrayals” in the last paragraph mean? A．Directions. B．Stages. C．Surveys. D．Descriptions. D　[词义猜测题。根据第三段中Between the 1930’s and her death，she produced some 2，000 pictures: careful and lively portrayals of the country life she had known for so long，with a wonderful sense of color and form.可知，画线词是对其画作的解读，画作反映其长期生活的乡村生活，所以画线词是(对乡村生活的)描述，故选D项。] 7．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Grandma Moses: the Best Woman Painter B．Grandma Moses and Her Farm Life C．Grandma Moses and Her Exhibition D．Grandma Moses : A Famous Woman Painter of 20th Century D　[标题归纳题。根据本文开头When it comes to the most famous 20th century painters of the United States，Grandma Moses should be mentioned，although she did not start painting until she was in her late seventies.可知，本文讲述了20世纪美国著名的画家Grandma Moses，D项(Grandma Moses：20世纪著名的女画家)为最佳标题。] C (2021·江西省吉安县立中学高二上学期期中) I remember doing the household chores to help my mother when I was nine.I hated changing the vacuum cleaner(真空吸尘器)bag and picking up things the machine did not suck up.Twenty years later，in 1978，with this lifelong dislike of the way the machine worked，I decided to make a bagless one. Easier said than done，of course.I didn’t realize that I would spend the next five years perfecting my design，a process that resulted in 5，127 different prototypes(样机).By the time I made my 15th prototype，my third child was born.By 2，627，my wife and I were really counting our pennies.By 3，727，my wife was giving art lessons for some extra cash，and we were getting further and further into debt.These were tough times，but each failure brought me closer to solving the problem. In the early 1980s，I started trying to get licensing agreements for my technology.The reality was very different，however.The major vacuum makers had built a business model based on the profits from bags and filters(滤网).No one would license my idea，not because it was a bad one，but because it was bad for business.But soon after，the companies that I had talked with started making machines like mine.I had to fight legal battles on both sides of the Atlantic to protect the patents on my vacuum cleaner. I was still in financial difficulties until 1993，when my bank manager personally persuaded Lloyds Bank to lend me $1 million.Then I was able to go into production.Within two years，the Dyson vacuum cleaner became a best­seller in Britain. Today，I still embrace risk and the potential for failure as part of the process.Nothing beats the excitement of invention. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者发明无袋吸尘器的经历，揭示了“失败为成功之母”的道理。 8．What drove the author to make a bagless vacuum cleaner? A．His willingness to help mom. B．His curiosity about machines. C．His trouble in doing family chores. D．His discontent with existing cleaners. D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中I hated changing the vacuum cleaner(真空吸尘器)bag and picking up things the machine did not suck up.Twenty years later，in 1978，with this lifelong dislike of the way the machine worked，I decided to make a bagless one.可知，对于真空吸尘器的反感导致了作者研制一种无袋吸尘器，故选D项。] 9．What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us? A．The help from the author’s wife. B．The financial problems of the family. C．The tough process of the new invention. D．The procedures of making a bagless cleaner. C　[段落大意题。通读第二段内容可知，第二段为总分总结构。首句Easier said than done，of course.和末句These were tough times，but each failure brought me closer to solving the problem.点明本段主旨要义：作者发明无袋吸尘器过程中遇到的一些困难。C项(这项新发明的艰难过程。)为段落大意。] 10．Why did the companies refuse to license the author’s technology? A．They thought they might suffer loss. B．They considered it not good enough. C．They faced legal problems themselves. D．They had begun making such machines. A　[细节理解题。根据第三段中The major vacuum makers had built a business model based on the profits from bags and filters.No one would license my idea，not because it was a bad one，but because it was bad for business.可知，没人会认可作者的想法是因为真空吸尘器的包装袋和过滤器能够给商家带来盈利，而作者发明的无袋吸尘器会使商家失去原有的能够带来盈利的部分，因此商家担心其不能带来盈利反而可能会导致损失。故选A项。] 11．What lesson may the author learn from the experience? A．Think twice before acting. B．Failure is the mother of success. C．Actions speak louder than words. D．A good beginning makes a good ending. B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段Today，I still embrace risk and the potential for failure as part of the process.Nothing beats the excitement of invention.可知，作者的“无袋吸尘器”发明经历使他明白了风险和失败在发明过程中是可能存在的。B项(失败是成功之母。)是作者从这次经历中得出的感悟。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (2021·浙江省高二上学期期末联考) The end of British pub culture? British beer and pubs are famous around the world.Things are changing. 1 For thousands of years，the most important two buildings in any British village have been the church and the pub.Traditionally，the church and the pub are at the heart of any village or town，since it is where the people gather to socialize and exchange news.After all，the word “pub” is actually short for “public house”．As a result，British pubs are often old and well preserved. 2 Many British pubs have old names referring to the monarchs，such as the king’s head or the queen Victoria，but of course this doesn’t mean they are only for kings and queens. 3 On a cold night，the pub’s landlord or landlady can always find a warm place for you by the fire.There is always honest and hearty food and plenty of drink available at an affordable price. That’s how it used to be. 4 Economic downturns，governmental “austerity measures”(财政紧缩政策)，and cultural changes are causing many pubs to go out of business.People do not have spare money to spend on beer.On top of that，in 2007 smoking was banned in all public indoor spacer including spaces，including pubs，which may also have affected the numbers of customers going to pubs since then. To save their business，pubs are trying to diversify to attract new customers.Now there are a number of different types of pubs.Besides a “traditional pub”，a “gastro pub” serves higher­quality food than usual. 5 And a “theme pub” caters to specific types of customers，such as sports or karaoke fans. As you can see，British pubs now offer something for everyone.And with various “save the pub” campaign，there are signs that people are regathering around these new kinds of pubs while supporting the traditional ones to back its great British custom with pride. A．Don’t British people like drinking beer? B．Many of them have become historic sites that tourists visit. C．However，is this the end of a great British tradition? D．A “microbrewery” often has fresher beer than other types of pub. E．Some pubs are allowed law to stay open after 11 pm. F．Pubs have always welcomed people from all classes and parts of society. G．Now there are worrying signs that things are beginning to decline. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国酒吧文化的辉煌历史和衰落，到酒吧进行改革，把酒吧文化习俗传承下来的现象。 1．C　[根据上文British beer and pubs are famous around the world.Things are changing.可知，C项(然而，这是英国伟大传统的终结吗？)起到承上启下的作用，与前文为转折关系，又引起下文酒吧的辉煌和酒吧衰落改革的讨论。] 2．B　[根据上文As a result，British pubs are often old and well preserved.可知，B项(许多酒吧已经成为游客们参观的历史遗迹。)对上文起到补充说明的作用，其中them指代上文的British pubs。] 3．F　[上文Many British pubs have old names referring to the monarchs，such as the king’s head or the queen Victoria，but of course this doesn’t mean they are only for kings and queens.说明酒吧的名字和酒吧客人的关系。F项(酒吧一直欢迎来自社会各阶层和各阶层的人。)对上文起到进一步的解释说明作用。] 4．G　[下文Economic downturns，governmental “austerity measures”(财政紧缩政策)，and cultural changes are causing many pubs to go out of business.People do not have spare money to spend on beer.说明了酒吧衰退的原因。G项(现在有一些令人担忧的迹象表明，情况正在开始恶化。)起到引起下文的作用。下文说明是哪些令人担忧的迹象使得酒吧的情况恶化。] 5．D　[上文To save their business，pubs are trying to diversify to attract new customers.Now there are a number of different types of pubs.说明酒吧开始改革，让酒吧主题多样化，以吸引新顾客。D项(“微酿酒厂”的啤酒通常比其他类型的酒吧更新鲜。)说明了“微酿酒厂”是上文提到的不同类型酒吧中的一种，起到对上文的补充说明作用。] Ⅲ.语法填空 (2021·江西省南昌市第二中学高一上学期期末) Camille Pissarro (1830－1903) was 1. only painter who took part in all eight of the Impressionist exhibitions 2. (hold) in Paris.It was in 1855 that Pissarro moved there and Paris was the place 3. he started to develop as a painter.He 4. (meet) other painters like Monet，whose work influenced him and he began his move towards Impressionism.Pissarro later influenced other painters that were 5. (young) than him such as Cezanne.Another painter he encouraged was the young Van Gogh. In 1893，he began experimenting with urban(城市的)views of Paris which 6. (paint) from the windows of hotels or apartments.In a letter he wrote to his son，he said，“I am happy 7. (be) able to paint these Paris streets that people find ugly 8. which are so silvery，lively and bright.” Effect of Rain is a painting which explores the effect of rain in the early afternoon.The movement and activities 9. (take) place in the street were captured(捕捉)by him.The colors Pissarro uses are not bright but he 10. (brilliant) produces the visual(视觉的)effect that comes from the wet streets. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了抽象派画家卡米耶·毕沙罗的成就、对他人的影响和作品特点等情况。 1．解析：　the　考查冠词。句意：卡米耶·毕沙罗是唯一一位参加了所有8次在巴黎举办的印象派展览的画家。根据空后形容词only可知，此处表示特指，应用定冠词the。 2．解析：　held　考查非谓语动词。句意参考上题。本空在句中作定语、修饰名词exhibitions，动词hold与exhibitions 之间是被动关系，故本空应用动词­ed形式作定语。 3．解析：　where　考查定语从句。本空引导定语从句，修饰名词place，本空在从句中作地点状语，故本空应用关系副词where。 4．解析：　met　考查动词的时态。根据从句谓语动词influenced可知，本句动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。 5．解析：　younger　考查形容词的比较级。根据空后than可知，本空应用比较级形式。 6．解析：　were painted　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语In 1893可知，本空应用一般过去时；且句子主语which指的是views of Paris和动词paint之间为被动关系，故本空应用一般过去时的被动语态，注意本句主语views of Paris为复数。 7．解析：　to be　考查非谓语动词。be happy to do sth意为“很开心做某事”，故本空应用动词不定式形式。 8．解析：　but　考查连词。根据句意可知，空前that people find ugly和空后which are so silvery，lively and bright均为修饰名词Paris streets的定语从句，且两个定语从句之间为转折关系，故本空应用连词but。 9．解析：　taking　考查非谓语动词。本空在句中作定语，修饰名词movement and activities，动词短语take place和被修饰名词之间为主动关系，故本空应用动词­ing形式。 10．解析：　brilliantly　考查词性转换。本空修饰动词produces，故应用副词brilliantly。 Section Ⅲ　Integrated skills——操作指南 [写作指导] 操作指南(Instructions)是一种用来指导他人进行操作或使用的文本作文，应该注意把握三点： 1．要有鲜明醒目的标题，同时第一段简短介绍背景知识或内容； 2．列出需要的事物； 3．具体的做法指示要明确、简短，并具有条理性。 [写作素材] 1．first/firstly/to begin with/to start with 首先 2．as soon as 一……就…… 3．the next step is...下一步是…… 4．in the end/finally/lastly 最后 5．at the same time 与此同时 [写作题目] 假定你是李华，请你用英语写一篇“如何做水果沙拉”的小短文，步骤如下： 首先把三个香蕉、三个苹果和三个梨切成块；接着把水果放到一个碗中；然后在碗中放入两勺沙拉；最后，把所有的东西搅拌一下，一盘美味的水果沙拉就做好了。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 How to Make Fruit Salad 第一步　学会审题谋篇 写作类型 说明文 人称时态 第二人称为主；一般现在时 写作要点 1.首段：说明要制作的作品； 2．主体：需要的材料和步骤； 3．结尾：如何处理制作好的作品。 第二步　保基础分——会写基本句 1．水果沙拉是许多人的最爱。 Fruit salad is many people’s favourite． 2．它不仅制作简单，而且味道鲜美。 It is not only easy to make but also tastes delicious. 3．把水果洗干净，并把它们切成块。 Wash the fruits and cut them into pieces． 4．将所有水果片放入碗中，并向其中加入两勺沙拉。 Put all the pieces of fruit into a bowl and add two spoons of salad to them. 5．把水果沙拉倒进盘子里。 Pour the fruit salad into a plate. 6．但在你这么做之前，一定要拍张照片。 But before you do，make sure you take a photo of it. 第三步　创设亮点——试写高级句 7．将句1和句2合并为含有because的主从复合句。 Fruit salad is many people’s favourite because it is not only easy to make but also tastes delicious. 第四步　衔接成篇得高分 How to Make Fruit Salad Fruit salad is many people’s favourite because it is not only easy to make but also tastes delicious. Things you need ◆Three bananas，three apples and three pears ◆Salad ◆A bowl ◆A knife ◆A plate Procedures Step 1：Wash the fruits and cut them into pieces. Step 2：Put all the pieces of fruit into a bowl and add two spoons of salad to them. Step 3：Mix the fruit and salad in the bowl. Step 4：Pour the fruit salad into a plate. Now you can eat it.But before you do，make sure you take a photo of it.That way，you will enjoy your work later. 课时精练(十一)　Section Ⅲ　Integrated skills (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) Ⅰ.完形填空 (2021·山东省潍坊市高一上学期期末) Flying can be stressful even for the most experienced business traveler.No matter how many times we 1 our pre­flight “to­do” list，sometimes the best plans go 2 ．That’s just what happened to one unlucky passenger who accidentally 3 a painting worth $340，000 at Dusseldorf Airport when he 4 his flight to Tel Aviv.The businessman had wrapped(包)the 5 carefully in cardboard.He immediately 6 airport authorities to ask them to look for the 16×24­inch work by French 7 Yves Tanguyart，but it seemed to have disappeared into thin air. With no 8 coming，the businessman’s nephew decided to take matters into his own 9 ．After taking a flight from Belgium to Dusseldorf in a hurry，the would­be detective (侦探)met with the police in person. 10 ，from that point on， 11 to the puzzle began to take shape.An investigator 12 that the cardboard­coated painting had found its way into a paper recycling bin.When，afterwards，a search was 13 in what might be the most valuable bin in history，the precious package was found， 14 ，at the bottom of the bin.Tragedy(悲剧)avoided.Artwork saved. “This was definitely one of our 15 stories this year，” police spokesman Andre Hartwig said.“It was real detective work.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位旅客将一幅昂贵的油画丢在了机场。他的侄子经过侦查，找到了油画。 1．A.check B．make C．change D．print B　[根据下文“our pre­flight ‘to­do’ list”可知，此处是短语make a list意为“列出清单”。] 2．A.wild B．wrong C．successful D．creative B　[根据下文“...one unlucky passenger who accidentally a painting worth $340，000 at Dusseldorf Airport”可知，那位乘客把一幅昂贵的画落在机场，因此是出了错误，go wrong意为“出错，出问题”。] 3．A.bought B．picked C．recovered D．left D　[根据下文“ask them to look for the 16×24­inch work”可知，这位乘客是将油画落在了(leave)机场。] 4．A.missed B．boarded C．booked D．scheduled B　[根据“his flight to Tel Aviv”可知，他在登上(board)去特拉维夫的飞机时，将油画落在了杜塞尔多夫机场。] 5．A.painting B．passport C．ticket D．package A　[根据上文“a painting worth $340，000”可知，他将油画(painting)包好。] 6．A.comforted B．credited C．contacted D．cheered C　[按照生活常识，丢了东西，应该是联系(contact)机场帮忙寻找。] 7．A.musician B．doctor C．author D．artist D　[根据上文“a painting”可知，Yves Tanguyart是法国的一位画家，属于艺术家(artist)。] 8．A.reports B．mails C．news D．passengers C　[根据上文“it seemed to have disappeared into thin air”可知，关于丢失的油画没有任何消息(news)。] 9．A.hands B．eyes C．home D．company A　[根据上文“He immediately airport authorities”和“With no coming”可知，商人给机场打电话，没有得到任何信息，因此商人的侄子决定自己解决这个事。take matters into one’s hands意为“自己解决问题，亲自动手”。] 10．A.Unluckily B．Unusually C．Thankfully D．Obviously C　[上文“it seemed to have disappeared into thin air.”可知，油画消失得无影无踪；下文“the cardboard­coated painting had found its way into a paper recycling bin”可知，后来发现这幅画被扔进了废纸回收箱。因此找到了这幅昂贵的画，应该是谢天谢地(Thankfully)。] 11．A.proposals B．clues C．descriptions D．efforts B　[根据“the puzzle”可知，是关于这个谜题的线索(clues)。] 12．A.agreed B．remembered C．decided D．promised C　[根据下文“the cardboard­coated painting had found its way into a paper recycling bin”可知，经过调查，他们最终断定(decide)这幅画被扔进了废纸回收箱里。] 13．A.conducted B．canceled C．designed D．quitted A　[后来，当人们在一个可能是历史上最有价值的回收箱里进行搜寻时，在回收箱底部发现了这个珍贵的包裹，完好无损。短语conduct a search意为“进行搜寻”。] 14．A.damaged B．unharmed C．well­decorated D．well­received B　[根据下文“Tragedy(悲剧) avoided.Artwork saved.”可知，这幅昂贵的画并没有被损坏，是完好无损的(unharmed)。] 15．A.simplest B．latest C．saddest D．happiest D　[“这绝对是我们今年最开心的故事之一，” 警方发言人安德烈·哈特维格说： “这是真正的侦查工作。”油画终于被找到，应该是高兴的(happiest)事情。] Ⅱ.应用文写作 (2022·河南省高二上学期期中联考) 上周日你校组织学生会成员去美术馆参观了中国绘画艺术展，请你用英语写一篇新闻报道，内容包括： 1．活动的时间和地点； 2．展览的内容； 3．你的感受。 注意：1.词数80左右。 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 A visit to the Art Gallery [参考范文] A visit to the Art Gallery Last Sunday，the members of our Student Union went to the Art Gallery to appreciate a large picture exhibition of our rich local culture. During the visit，a large number of Chinese paintings are on show，all of which are the works of famous Chinese painters.Besides，we watched a video about the artistic achievements we’ve made in the last few centuries.All the students were all amazed at our colorful culture，saying that this visit was really a cultural feast. The visit was a great success.It not only enriched our life，but also helped us learn more about Chinese painting culture. Ⅲ.读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2022·山东省聊城市高二上学期期末) Early one weekend morning.I was sleeping like a log when the telephone rang.It was Grandma.She invited us to her home in the countryside.After a quick breakfast，Dad and I drove to Grandma’s. Once we arrived，we were both thrilled by the breathtaking landscape.The plum trees in the backyard were ripe with fruit，while millions of wildflowers colored the valley.Grandma prepared delicious lunch including her special homemade apple jam，which was my favorite.Talking and laughing，we didn’t even notice that it was late in the afternoon.Though somewhat cooler than it had been that morning，Grandma suggested that we take her homemade wooden boat for a tour along the nearby river. Seated in the boat，looking up at the sky，I felt like the clouds were greeting us cheerfully from above.In the vast fields，the golden trees were like brides in the sun.The breeze skimmed over the surface of the field，carrying the sweet smell of the flowers.“It is so nice to spend some quality time with family.” Dad murmured.“It feels like we’re on an adventure.” I added.“It’s been so much fun！” While we were admiring the splendid setting around us，the weather started getting hot and humid again.At first，we ignored this change，but when dad looked up at the sky，he saw dark，low clouds were approaching us.Then a fierce gale(大风)sprang up.Lightning flashed within the black clouds，followed by a roar of thunder.“Row！” Dad shouted，trembling，“A tornado(龙卷风)is coming！” 注意：1.续写的词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Paragraph 1： There was no time to think.We rowed as fast as we could. Paragraph 2： Grandma opened the door for us. [参考范文] Paragraph 1： There was no time to think.We rowed as fast as we could.Although I didn’t dare to look，I could feel the tornado getting closer as hail started to fall，hitting the creaky old boat hard.Chased by the relentless nightmare，I couldn’t afford to let up for a moment.I didn’t even wipe the sweat away as it streamed in my eyes and blurred my view.Finally Grandma’s house appeared before my eyes.We jumped out of the boat and ran towards it.Gasping for breath，we buzzed the doorbell again and again. Paragraph 2： Grandma opened the door for us.We dripped water on her floor as we went inside.Our shoes and clothes soaked through.Grandma said we needed to find a safer place to ride out the tornado，and we followed her into the cellar.Dad helped close off the entrance while I huddled in the dark corner，quivering from the cold and the fear.We stayed down there，waiting for the tornado to pass over us.We didn’t wait very long，for it was over in a matter of minutes.However，after this experience，I appreciated every day with my family. Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment ………………………………◎ ①scroll n．长卷纸，卷轴 ②insight n．洞悉，了解；洞察力，领悟 ③currently adv.目前，当下 ④present vt.展现，显示，表现 ⑤crop n．庄稼，作物；收成，产量 ⑥wind vi.& vt.(wound，wound) 蜿蜒，迂回；上发条；缠绕 ⑦sail vi.& vt.(乘船)航行；起航；驾驶(船只)；飘，掠 n．帆；乘船航行 ⑧civilian n．平民，老百姓，庶民 ⑨picture vt.描述，描写 ⑩all walks of life 各行各业，社会各界 ⑪butcher n．肉贩，屠夫 ⑫go about sth 忙于做某事，继续做某事 ⑬apparent adj.显而易见，明白易懂，显然 ⑭ink n．墨水，墨汁 ⑮perspective n．透视法；态度，观点；客观判断力；景观，远景 ⑯precise adj.细致的，精细的；准确的，精确的；恰好的 ⑰ambitious adj.宏大的，艰巨的；有野心的，有雄心的 ⑱enormous adj.巨大的，庞大的 ⑲thanks to 多亏，幸亏 ⑳comprehensive adj.全面的，详尽的；综合性的 reveal vt.揭示；显示；透露 clothing n．衣服，服装 business practice 商业惯例 temple n．庙宇，寺院 structure n．建筑物；结构，构造；精心组织 at first sight 第一眼，乍看之下 overall adj.全面的，综合的 adv.全部，总计；一般来说，大体上 critic n．批评家，评论家；批评者，挑剔的人 inspection n．检查，查看，审视；视察 expose vt.揭露，揭穿；暴露，显露；使遭受；使接触 political adj.政治的，政府的，政权的；政党的，党派的 belong to 属于 lose control of 失去对……的控制 soldier n．军人，士兵 in danger of 处于……危险之中 crash into 撞上 crisis n．(pl. crises) 危机，危急关头；危难时刻，病危期 decline n．衰退，衰落，减少，下降 vi.& vt.减少，下降，衰退，衰落；谢绝 overthrow vt.(overthrew，overthrown)推翻，打倒 n．推翻，打倒 be down to 由……引起(或造成) scale n．规模，范围；等级，级别；标度；比例 emperor n．皇帝 in one’s own right 凭自身的资格(或努力) outstanding adj.优秀的，杰出的；突出的，明显的 in one piece安然无恙的，完好无损的 exhibition n．展览，展出 rare adj.稀少的，罕见的；稀罕的，珍贵的 speak volumes about 充分说明，清楚表明 historic adj.历史上著名的；有史时期的 ◎……………………………… Qingming Scroll① Zhang Zeduan’s Qingming Scroll is a masterwork of Chinese art.Painted on a five­metre­long silk scroll【1】，it offers an important insight② into life in China in the 12th century.It is commonly believed that the city described in the painting is Bianjing (present­day Kaifeng)，the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty.【2】 The ancient scroll has survived the test of time remarkably well，and is currently③ housed in the Palace Museum in Beijing. 【1】动词­ed形式短语作状语。 【2】it作形式主语，that引导主语从句；动词­ed形式短语described in the painting作定语，修饰名词city。 The scroll consists of three main sections.The first section presents④ a peaceful scene of rural life near Bianjing，featuring crop⑤ fields【3】，a river winding⑥ through the landscape【4】，and farmers hard at work.The second section shows the riverbanks and the central bridge alive with activity as boats sail⑦ in and out of Bianjing.Civilians⑧ can also be seen walking through the city gate in both directions.The third and final section pictures⑨ life inside the city itself.Here，hundreds of people from all walks of life⑩，including butchers⑪，hairdressers and government officials，can be seen going about⑫ their daily business.The combination of these three sections gives the viewer an idea of what life was like for the people of Bianjing【5】． 【3】动词­ing形式短语作状语。 【4】动词­ing形式短语作定语，修饰名词river。 【5】what引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语。 Zhang’s amazing artistic technique is apparent⑬ all across the scroll.Using ink⑭ on silk【6】，he creates realistic images of scenery，buildings and people，and displays a remarkable mastery of perspective⑮.The most impressive aspect of the painting，however，is probably Zhang’s precise⑯ brushwork.This well­developed ability，as well as the scroll’s ambitious⑰ size，allows Zhang to show an enormous⑱ amount of detail—you could study the painting for hours and still discover something new. Thanks to⑲ all this fine detail，the Qingming Scroll provides a comprehensive⑳ look at life during the Northern Song Dynasty.It reveals a great deal about the 12th­century Chinese customs，clothing，transportation methods，business practices，and a wide range of buildings，such as temples，teahouses and government structures.At first sight，the overall scene of life in the capital city appears peaceful and cheerful.However，some critics suggest that on closer inspection，the painting actually exposes serious political and social problems.Some boats carrying food【7】 do not seem to belong to the government，which suggests that the government has lost control of food supplies and transportation【8】．Also in the painting are soldiers who appear to ignore their duties．【9】 There are some less obvious indicators of trouble too.For example，in the centre of the scroll，a boat is in danger of crashing into the bridge.These sorts of details point to a crisis developing in the city【10】．In fact，the Northern Song Dynasty was in decline by this stage.About twenty years after the painting was completed，it was overthrown. 【7】动词­ing形式短语作定语，修饰名词boats。 【8】which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句。 【9】本句为完全倒装句；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词soldiers。 【10】动词­ing形式短语作定语，修饰名词crisis。 Zhang’s timeless scroll is an important example of realism in the history of Chinese paintings.Its value is down not only to its great scale，artistic quality and attention to detail，but also to its representation of daily life.Such is its worth that several later emperors even asked the most talented artists of their day to make copies of the scroll.【11】 Some of these copies are now regarded as precious works of art in their own right.With the Qingming Scroll，Zhang made an outstanding contribution to Chinese art and greatly influenced generations of future artists. The original scroll is still in one piece despite its age，but it is extremely delicate.Because of this，it is not often displayed to the public.The last time it was on exhibition【12】，crowds waited in line for hours for the rare chance to see the famous painting with their own eyes【13】．The public’s continued enthusiasm about the Qingming Scroll，even after all these centuries，speaks volumes about the power of this historic piece of art. 【12】the last time引导时间状语从句。 【13】动词不定式短语作定语，修饰名词chance。 《清明上河图》 张择端的《清明上河图》是中国艺术的杰作。此画为五米绢本长卷，它对于我们洞悉12世纪中国的生活面貌是极其重要的。人们通常认为，画中描绘的城市是汴京(今开封)，即北宋的都城。这幅古老画历经沧桑依旧完好，现藏于北京故宫博物院。 全画可分为三部分。第一部分展现了汴京近郊恬静的乡村生活，重点描绘了农田、蜿蜒而过的河流和辛勤劳作的农民。第二部分则展现了熙熙攘攘的河岸和中心桥，往来京城的船只穿梭着。城门处能看到进进出出的百姓。第三部分，同时也是最后一部分，描绘了城内的生活。我们能看到数以百计各行各业的人，肉贩、理发店、官差，都在忙着各自的营生。三部分综合起来，观者便可对当时汴京人的生活状况有一大致了解。 显然，张择端在整幅画中表现了他高超的艺术技巧。他施墨于绢，落笔之处，风景、建筑、人物，无不逼真传神，同时展现出透视法的精通。不过，此画最引人注目之处是其精准细腻的笔法。凭借高超的技艺，以及恢宏的画幅，画家刻画了海量的细节，哪怕端详几个小时，你还是会有新的发现。 多亏这些精准的细节，《清明上河图》全面展示了北宋时期的生活景象。它透露了12世纪中国在民俗、服饰、交通方式、商业活动，以及诸如庙宇、茶馆、政府设施等种类繁多的建筑方面的诸多细节。乍看上去，京城生活总体上安宁而欢愉。然而，有评论家指出，细心观察，这幅画其实揭露了严重的政治和社会问题。有些运粮船看上去不像官船，这意味着官府已失去了对粮食供应和运输的控制。画中有些官兵似乎疏于职守。此外还有一些不好的苗头，不太容易觉察。比如，画卷中部有一艘船眼看就要撞到桥上。种种细节都预示着某种危机正在京城中酝酿。事实上，当时的北宋王朝已经在走下坡路了。这幅画完成约20年后，北宋覆灭。 张择端这幅不朽之作是中国绘画史上现实主义的重要典范。它的价值不仅在于画幅宏大，艺术性高，注重细节，更在于其对日常生活的再现。其价值之高，以至后世有多位皇帝令当时最有才华的画家加以临摹。其中有些摹本现今自身亦被视为艺术珍品。张择端以这幅《清明上河图》对中国艺术做出了卓越贡献，也深刻影响后世一代又一代的艺术家。 尽管年代久远，此画原作仍然完好，但已极为脆弱。有鉴于此，它很少公开示人。上一次展出时，观众为了这个一睹名画真容的难得机遇，不惜排几个小时的队。甚至在几个世纪之后，公众对《清明上河图》仍热情不减，这足以证明这幅历史名画的魅力。 一、整体理解 Match the main idea with each paragraph. Para.1 A.Zhang Zeduan’s artistic technique in Qingming Scroll. Para.2 B.A comprehensive understanding of Qingming Scroll. Para.3 C.The background of Qingming Scroll. Para.4 D.The influence of Qingming Scroll. Para.5 E.The contents of Qingming Scroll. Para.6 F.The value of Qingming Scroll. 答案：　CEABFD 二、细节理解 Read the text carefully and choose the best answers. 1．How long is the Qingming Scroll? A．Five metres long. B．Four metres long. C．Fourteen metres long. D．Fifteen metres long. 2．What does the Qingming Scroll convey to viewers? A．How people lived in peace. B．How strong the Northern Song Dynasty was. C．How the government ruled the country. D．How people lived in Bianjing. 3．What may be the most impressive of the painting? A．Perspective. B．Zhang Zeduan’s precise brushwork. C．Its ambitious size. D．Its realistic images. 4．What do some critics think of the painting? A．It reflects the strength of the Northern Song Dynasty. B．It is a symbol of realism. C．It reveals political and social problems during the Northern Song Dynasty. D．It indicates that the Northern Song Dynasty was at its worst. 5．Why is it not often displayed to the public? A．Because it is easily damaged. B．Because it is not intact(完整的)now. C．Because people are not enthusiastic about it. D．Because the workers have to repair it often. 答案：　1－5：ADBCA 三、长难句分析 1．It is commonly believed that the city described in the painting is Bianjing(present­day Kaifeng)，the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. [分析]　本句为主从复合句。it作形式主语，that引导主语从句；动词­ed形式短语described in the painting作定语，修饰名词city。 [翻译]　人们通常认为，画中描绘的城市是汴京(今开封)，即北宋的都城。 2．Some boats carrying food do not seem to belong to the government，which suggests that the government has lost control of food supplies and transportation. [分析]　本句为主从复合句。动词­ing形式短语carrying food作定语，修饰名词boats；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句。 [翻译]　有些运粮船看上去不像官船，这意味着官府已失去了对粮食供应和运输的控制。 [核心单词] 1．sit in the shade 　　　　　　 坐在阴凉处 2．rebuild the temple 重建庙宇 3．the structure of the building 这座建筑物的结构 4．an outstanding lawyer 一位杰出的律师 5．a writer of insight 有洞察力的作家 6．return to civilian life 回归平民百姓的生活 7．300 soldiers 300名士兵 8．a financial crisis 金融危机 9．a sharp decline 急剧下降 [拓展单词] 1．bathe vt.以(光线)洒满，覆盖，使沐浴(在光线里)；用水清洗→bath n．洗澡；洗浴 2．arrange vt.&vi.整理，布置；安排，筹备→arrangement n．安排，筹划 3．apparent adj.显而易见，明白易懂，显然→apparently adv.据说；看来，似乎 4．precise adj.细致的，精细的；准确的，精准的；恰好的→precisely adv.准确地；恰好地；精确地；细心地，仔细地→precision n．精确；准确；细致 5．ambitious adj.宏大的，艰巨的；有野心的，有雄心的→ambition n．追求的目标；雄心，志向，抱负 6．comprehensive adj.全面的，详尽的；综合性的→comprehend vt.理解，领悟→comprehension n．理解(力) 7．critic n．批评家，评论家；批评者，挑剔的人→criticize vt.批评，指责→critical adj.批评的，批判性的，挑剔的；关键的，至关紧要的→criticism n．批评，批判；责备，指责 8．inspection n．检查，查看，审视；视察→inspect vt.检查；审视→inspector n．检查员，巡视员 9．expose vt.揭露，揭穿；暴露，显露；使遭受；使接触→exposure n．暴露 10．exhibition n．展览，展出→exhibit vt.展览；展出n.展览品，陈列品；(在法庭上出示的)证据 11．rare adj.稀少的，罕见的；稀罕的，珍贵的→rarely adv.很少，难得 [重点短语] 第一组　汉译英 1．各行各业，社会各界　　　　 all walks of life 2．多亏，幸亏 thanks to 3．第一眼，乍看之下 at first sight 4．属于 belong to 5．失去对……的控制 lose control of 6．处于……危险之中 in danger of 7．充分说明，清楚表明 speak volumes about 第二组　英译汉 8．go about sth　　　　　　 忙于做某事，继续做某事 9．business practice 商业惯例 10．crash into 撞上 11．be down to 由……引起(或造成) 12．in one’s own right 凭自身的资格(或努力) 13．in one piece 安然无恙的，完好无损的 [典型句式] 根据课文语境和汉语提示补全句子 1．It is＋动词­ed形式＋that从句 It is commonly believed that(人们通常认为) the city described in the painting is Bianjing(present­day Kaifeng)，the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. 2．动词­ing形式(短语)作状语 Using ink on silk(施墨于绢)，he creates realistic images of scenery，buildings and people，and displays a remarkable mastery of perspective. 3．完全倒装句 Also in the painting are soldiers(有些士兵) who appear to ignore their duties. v wind vi.& vt.(wound, wound) 蜿蜒，迂回；上发条；缠绕 (教材原句)The first section presents a peaceful scene of rural life near Bianjing，featuring crop fields，a river winding through the landscape，and farmers hard at work.第一部分展现了汴京近郊恬静的乡村生活，重点描绘了农田、蜿蜒而过的河流和辛勤劳作的农民。 (1)get wind of sth　 听到……的风声；获悉……的秘密消息 (2)wind down 摇下(车窗等)；逐渐减小(工作规模)； 使逐步停止，使逐渐关闭 (3)wind up 给(钟表等)上发条；完成；停止 ◎基础练透——写出下列句中wind的含义/单句语法填空 ①The weather was hot，without a breath of wind.风 ②He had forgotten to wind his watch.上发条 ③The stream winds through the valley and runs into the sea.蜿蜒，迂回 ④If they get wind of what we are doing，we’ll then be in a very passive position. ⑤I forgot to wind my watch up，so of course it stopped. ◎能力提升——微写作 ⑥He wound/winded down the car window and handed me a bag. 他摇下车窗递给我一个包。 expose vt.揭露，揭穿；暴露，显露；使遭受；使接触 (教材原句)However，some critics suggest that on closer inspection，the painting actually exposes serious political and social problems.然而，有评论家指出，细心观察，这幅画其实揭露了严重的政治和社会问题。 (1)expose...to...　　 将……暴露在……中；使……接触…… (2)exposed adj. 暴露的，无掩蔽的 be exposed to 暴露于，暴露在；使遭受……；接触，面临 (3)exposure n. 暴露；揭露 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①If you expose your skin to the sun too long，you will get sun­burnt. ②There are more than 740 million Chinese exposed (expose) to second­hand smoking in public places now. ③I always sit in the non­smoking section of restaurants to reduce my exposure (expose) to smoke. ④(2021·全国乙卷)They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background. ◎能力提升——微写作 ⑤We shouldn’t expose the children to computer games． 我们不应该让孩子们接触电脑游戏。 完全倒装句 (教材原句)Also in the painting are soldiers who appear to ignore their duties.画中有些官兵似乎疏于职守。 完全倒装是把整个谓语放到主语之前，完全倒装句的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能进行完全倒装。常使用完全倒装的情况： (1)为了保持句子平衡或上下文衔接紧密，表示地点的介词短语作表语或状语并置于句首时，句子进行完全倒装； (2)以副词here，there，out，in，up，down，away，then，now等开头，后面的动词是be，come，exist，fall，follow，go，lie，remain，seem，stand(表移动或状态的不及物动词)等时，句子进行完全倒装； (3)there引出完全倒装句，除了最常见的there be句型以外，there还可以接appear，exist，lie，remain，seem to be，stand等，一般都译成“有”的含义，句子进行完全倒装； (4)有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的动词­ing形式、动词­ed形式置于句首，句子进行完全倒装。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Here are (be) four common email accidents，and how to recover. ②At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River lies (lie) Chongqing，one of the ten largest cities in China. ◎能力提升——句式改写 ③Some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient are in this box. →In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient. ④The teacher’s sweet voice came into the complete silence of the waiting class. →Into the complete silence of the waiting class came the teacher’s sweet voice． ⑤My tips for you are here. →Here are my tips for you. decline n．衰退，衰落，减少，下降vi.& vt.减少，下降，衰退，衰落；谢绝 (教材原句)In fact，the Northern Song Dynasty was in decline by this stage.事实上，当时的北宋王朝已经在走下坡路了。 (1)in decline＝on the decline 处于下降/衰退中 (2)decline to do sth 谢绝/拒绝做某事 [名师点津]　表示“增加”或“减少”的幅度常用介词by，后面常跟百分数；表示“增加到”或“减少到”常用介词to，后面常跟具体数字。 ◎基础练透——写出下列句中decline的含义/单句语法填空 ①I offered to give them a lift but they declined.谢绝 ②An increase in cars has resulted in the decline of public transport.衰退，衰落 ③The officer declined to make (make) any comments on the incident. ④However，the economic growth rate of this country was on the decline last year. ◎能力提升——微写作 ⑤The price of electronic products has declined by 20 percent since last January. 自从去年一月份以来，电子产品的价格已经下降了20%。 rare adj.稀少的，罕见的；稀罕的，珍贵的 (教材原句)The last time it was on exhibition，crowds waited in line for hours for the rare chance to see the famous painting with their own eyes.上一次展出时，观众为了这个一睹名画真容的难得机遇，不惜排几个小时的队。 (1)a rare disease　　 　 罕见的疾病 a rare book/coin/stamp 珍贵的书/硬币/邮票 a rare animal/plant 珍稀动物/植物 (2) rarely adv. 很少，难得 [名师点津]　rarely为否定副词，置于句首时，其后要使用部分倒装。类似的词还有never，seldom，hardly等。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer (rare) than sunshine. ②Children used to hang out and play around in the old days，which is rarely (rare) seen in today’s society. ◎能力提升——句型转换 ③I rarely have more than eight hours’ sleep. →Rarely do I have more than eight hours’ sleep. speak volumes about 充分说明，清楚表明 (教材原句)The public’s continued enthusiasm about the Qingming Scroll，even after all these centuries，speaks volumes about the power of this historic piece of art.甚至在几个世纪之后，公众对《清明上河图》仍热情不减，这足以证明这幅历史名画的魅力。 (1)speak well/ill of sb 称赞(或贬损)某人；说某人的好话(或坏话) speak highly of 高度赞扬 (2)generally/broadly/roughly/relatively/strictly speaking 总的/一般/粗略/相对/严格地说 (3)be on speaking terms (with sb) (与某人)和好如初，和睦相处 (4)nothing to speak of 不值一提；不多 ◎基础练透——补全句子 ①You should not speak ill of others(说其他人的坏话)behind their backs. ②We speak highly of(高度赞扬)their work and extend our deep gratitude to them. ③Strictly speaking(严格地说)，she should pay for the additional costs. ④The disagreement between Linda and Tina was dead and buried and they were on speaking terms with each other(彼此和睦相处)again. ⑤He said that what he had done was nothing to speak of(不值一提). ◎能力提升——微写作 ⑥These facts speak volumes for her honesty． 这些事实充分说明她的诚实。 维度一　单词拼写 1．The soldier(士兵)thinks it a glorious thing for him to die for the benefit of our motherland. 2．The company is an outstanding(杰出的)example of a small business that grew into a big one. 3．The company is still in crisis(危机)but it has survived the worst period. 4．We import raw(未经加工的)materials and energy and export mainly industrial products. 5．Learning a foreign language can give me insight(领悟)into another culture. 维度二　单句语法填空 1．Nobody knows precisely (precise) how many species there are on the earth now. 2．Opportunities rarely (rare) ever come knocking on the door of someone who’s not seeking them. 3．Apparently (apparent) the girls are not at all amused by the joke. 4．Engineers carried out a thorough inspection (inspect) of the machines. 5．(2020·天津卷)We offered to give Sharon a ride home，but she declined (decline)，saying that she felt like walking. 维度三　完成句子 1．Standing under the tree are two girls． 树下站着两个女孩。 2．What you wear speaks volumes about your character. 你的衣着清晰表明你的性格。 3．We are exposed to an overwhelming number of chemical pollutants every day. 我们每天都会接触到数量惊人的化学污染物。 课时精练(十二)　Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [基础达标] 维度一　根据汉语提示或首字母填入单词的适当形式 1．His outstanding(杰出的)ability earned him a place on the team. 2．(2021·天津卷)What motivated the author to start her writing career(事业)? 3．We must raise the political(政治的)and social status of teachers. 4．The last emperor(皇帝)of the Ming Dynasty hanged himself from this tree. 5．It is reported that a civilian(平民)was killed in the bombing. 6．They continued to climb until they reached the old temple(寺院)at the top of the mountain. 7．These measures greatly changed the social and economic structure(结构)of the country. 8．The road winds(迂回)its way through the woods，with flowers on both sides. 9．Natural disasters have obviously contributed to the country’s economic crisis(危机). 10．Farmers grow a variety of crops in this area，including cabbages，wheat，corn and barley. 维度二　单句语法填空 1．Take care not to keep your children exposed (expose) to the bad books，net and magazines. 2．He’s a player who rarely (rare) seems to get the credit he deserves. 3．After a careful inspection (inspect)，the repairman said that the reason why my car broke down was that the pipe had been damaged. 4．Although he is very young，he is very ambitious (ambition) in his research work. 5．Apparently (apparent)，blindly following others’ advice will affect our own judgment. 6．The exhibition (exhibit) gives local artists an opportunity to display their work. 7．It is difficult to know precisely (precise) how much impact the changes will have. 8．All the products are labelled with comprehensive (comprehend) instructions. 9．As the economy was in decline，some people in the town had lost their jobs. 10．His success was down to being (be) in the right place at the right time. 维度三　完成句子 1．In front of the house is a big garden． 房子前面是一个大花园。 2．These overseas experts came from all walks of life in different countries. 这些海外专家来自不同国家的各行各业。 3．At last，he became a world­famous musician in his own right． 最终，他凭自身的努力成为了世界知名的音乐家。 4．His small gestures speak volumes about how much he cares about you. 他的小动作充分说明他有多在乎你。 5．It is commonly believed that music can help people relax themselves. 人们普遍认为音乐可以帮助人们放松自己。 维度四　课文语法填空 Qingming Scroll Zhang Zeduan’s Qingming Scroll is a representative work of realism in Chinese art.1.Painted(paint) on a five­metre­long silk scroll，the painting provides an important insight into life in China in the 12th century.The ancient scroll，2.which is currently kept in the Palace Museum in Beijing，gives the viewer an idea of what life was like for the people of Bianjing.It is possible that the most 3.impressive(impress) aspect of the painting is Zhang’s precise brushwork.The painting reveals a great deal about the 12th­century Chinese customs，clothing，transportation methods ，business practices and various 4.buildings (building).At first sight，the overall scene of life in the capital city seems peaceful and cheerful.However，some critics suggest that on closer 5.inspection (inspect)，the painting actually exposes serious political and social problems.Some boats 6.carrying (carry) food do not seem to belong to the government，which 7.suggests (suggest) that the government has lost control of food supplies and transportation. The details show that the crisis is developing in the city.As a matter of fact，the Northern Song Dynasty was on 8.the decline by this stage.About 20 years after the painting was completed，it 9.was overthrown (overthrow). With the Qingming Scroll，Zhang made an outstanding contribution 10.to Chinese art and greatly influenced generations of future artists. [素能提升] Ⅰ.阅读理解 (2021·吉林省高二上学期期中) George Washington Carver was born some time in the early­mid 1860s.A sickly child，Carver was unable to work in the fields，so he did gardening.He was left with many free hours to walk in the woods — beginning his career with nature.He soon became known as the “Plant Doctor” and would help friends and neighbors manage sick plants. In 1890，Carver began to study music and art at Simpson College.His artwork was on show at the 1893 World’s Fair.Painting gave him the chance to combine his two loves — art and nature.Yet it was his talents for gardening that took him in another direction in 1891.Carver became the first African­American to attend what is today Iowa State University.He proved to be a first­class student and upon graduation he became the school’s first African­American teacher. In 1896，he received an invitation from Tuskegee Normal and Industrial School in Tuskegee，Alabama.Upon arriving，he found that the school was short of money，so Dr.Carver had to equip his own lab.He and his students would search trash heaps(垃圾堆)for things to use.This proved that Dr.Carver was well ahead of his time. In 1916，he published a research report on peanuts，which helped many farmers turn to peanuts as a cash crop and saved the economy of the South when it was destroyed by the cotton insects attack.Carver continued his research with the peanut.He went on to find many uses for the peanut.But he didn’t invent peanut butter(花生酱). Dr.Carver’s research earned him much worldwide praise.Dr.George Washington Carver died on January 5，1943，and was buried at Tuskegee.Carver contributed his whole life savings to Tuskegee.Upon his death，Franklin D．Roosevelt gave him this title “an inspiring example to youth everywhere”． 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Carver从童年时期就接触园艺工作，长大后表现优异，靠自己的力量成立实验室，他对花生的研究成果拯救了南方的经济。 1．How was Carver’s childhood? A．He took up gardening. B．He grew crops in the fields. C．He enjoyed good health. D．He dreamed of being a doctor. A　[细节理解题。根据第一段中A sickly child，Carver was unable to work in the fields，so he did gardening.可知Carver童年干园艺活，故选A项。] 2．How was Carver’s performance during his education? A．Bad. B．Strange. C．Ordinary. D．Excellent. D　[推理判断题。根据第二段中Carver became the first African­American to attend what is today Iowa State University.He proved to be a first­class student and upon graduation he became the school’s first African­American teacher.可推断出，Carver在求学期间的表现优秀，故选D项。] 3．What do we know about Carver’s life in Tuskegee Normal and Industrial School? A．He was well paid by the school. B．He relied on himself to build his lab. C．He saved money by picking up trash. D．He published his findings ahead of time. B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中Upon arriving，he found that the school was short of money so Dr.Carver had to equip his own lab.可知，Carver在Tuskegee Normal and Industrial School时依靠自己建立了实验室，故选B项。] 4．What can be learned about Carver’s report on peanuts? A．It made a contribution to the economy. B．It included new findings on peanut butter. C．It prevented peanuts from insects attacking. D．It helped farmers find many other uses of peanuts. A　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中In 1916，he published a research report on peanuts，which helped many farmers turn to peanuts as a cash crop and saved the economy of the South when it was destroyed by the cotton insects attack.可知，Carver对花生的研究报告挽救了南方的经济，对经济发展做出了贡献，故选A项。] Ⅱ.完形填空 (2021·湖北省高一下学期期末) As a writer on an adventure sports magazine，I’d always resist doing the adventurous stuff myself.I preferred to observe others and 1 their experiences to readers.Thus，when I was challenged to 2 a mountain in aid of charity—and to write about it afterwards—I was 3 ． Then it was a 4 that I had a brilliant coach called Keith，who gave me knowledge about everything from building muscle groups to how to 5 tiredness.It quickly became obvious that the techniques of climbing were more 6 than I had imagined.Aware of the challenge，I forced myself to 7 a detailed action plan Keith made，working out 8 at the gym.My self­belief 9 alongside my muscle power，and I became confident about finishing the climb. All too soon I was on a plane to my destination.That day，when I looked up at the mountain，I thought of 10 it.But then I remembered all the 11 I’d made and how disappointed Keith would be if I gave up—not to mention the sense of 12 I’d experience myself.With a deep breath fear 13 courage，I headed into the sunshine to meet the rest of the group. And as I sit here now，tapping on my laptop，I’m amazed at all the details I can recall: the burning 14 and the tiredness.Could I have been better prepared? Possibly.Would I be back for another go? Thankfully not.The feeling of being excited when standing on top of the world is a 15 experience but one I will cherish forever. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者不喜欢冒险，但为了一项慈善事业而参与爬山，尽管爬山那天作者想要放弃，但最终还是爬上了山顶，这对作者来说是永远要珍惜的记忆。 1．A.expose B．expand C．prove D．narrate D　[根据上文“As a writer on an adventure sports magazine”可知，作者作为一名冒险体育杂志的撰稿人，喜欢把别人的经历写下来，叙述(narrate)给读者。] 2．A.promote B．preserve C．climb D．clean C　[因此，当我被要求攀登(climb)一座山来帮助慈善事业并在之后写下它时，我是不愿意的。下文“It quickly became obvious that the techniques of climbing were more than I had imagined”中的climbing是提示。] 3．A.inspired B．unwilling C．unaware D．attracted B　[作者不喜欢冒险，所以当被告知要去爬山，这个有点风险和危险的事的时候，作者是不愿意的(unwilling)。] 4．A.problem B．mystery C．trick D．blessing D　[幸运的是，我有一个优秀的教练Keith，他教给了我很多知识，从锻炼肌肉群到如何避免疲劳。本句中，it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语，再结合that从句的内容可知，有一个优秀的教练对作者来说是一件好事(blessing)。] 5．A.restore B．reject C．avoid D．ignore C　[根据句意以及常识可知，教练教作者爬山时如何避免(avoid)疲劳。] 6．A.interesting B．definite C．complex D．flexible C　[根据下文“Aware of the challenge”可知，作者发现攀岩技术比作者想象的要复杂(complex)得多。] 7．A.stick to B．turn to C．adapt to D．contribute to A　[根据上文可知，作者发现攀岩技术比作者想象的要复杂得多，为了应对这个爬山的挑战，作者坚持(stick to)教练制定的计划。] 8．A.occasionally B．gradually C．daily D．endlessly C　[由上文可知，作者认为攀岩很复杂，为了应对爬山这个挑战，坚持教练制定的计划。因此可推断出，作者每天(daily)都在健身房锻炼，才能尽可能快而熟练地掌握攀岩技巧。] 9．A.grew B．reduced C．changed D．crashed A　[由前文可知，作者刚开始是不愿意爬山的；根据空后I became confident about finishing the climb.可知，作者对自己爬山有信心了。由此可知，作者的自信随着自己的肌肉力量而增长(grow)。] 10．A.maintaining B．accomplishing C．braving D．quitting D　[下文“But then I remembered all the I’d made and how disappointed Keith would be if I gave up­not to mention the sense of I’d experience myself.”提到作者想到放弃后的结果，其中的gave up和quit是同义词。] 11．A.promises B．efforts C．decisions D．choices B　[但随后我想起了我所做的所有努力(efforts)以及如果我放弃了Keith会有多么失望——更不用说我自己将经历的失败感了。] 12．A.relief B．obligation C．satisfaction D．failure D　[根据语境和句意，作者坚持训练了这么久，如果放弃了爬山，肯定会有失败感。] 13．A.giving way to B．holding on to C．living up to D．going back to A　[根据上文可知，作者在想放弃爬山的事，但是想到自己的努力，教练的失望以及自己要经历的失败感，作者的恐惧让位于(give way to)勇气(即勇气取代了恐惧)，和其他人一起开始爬山。] 14．A.ears B．muscles C．anger D．confusion B　[现在，当我坐在这里，敲击着我的笔记本电脑时，我惊讶于我能回忆起的所有细节：燃烧的肌肉(muscles)和疲劳。] 15．A.never­to­be­repeated B．never­to­be­mentioned C．never­to­be­recalled D．never­to­be­forgotten A　[根据上文“Would I be back for another go? Thankfully not.”可知作者不会再爬一次山了，所以这次登上山顶的经历是不会被重复的(never­to­be­repeated)经历。] Ⅲ.语法填空 (2022·湖北省黄冈市高二上学期期末) The world’s largest iceberg could hit South Georgia Island，posing 1. high risk to the wildlife that calls it home. The iceberg，2. (name) A68a，is now approaching South Georgia Island.There’s a 3. (possible) that it could ground itself on the island.The normal food­seeking routes for seals and penguins could 4. (block). “When you are talking about penguins and seals during the period 5. is crucial to them — raising baby animals，the actual distance they have to travel to find food really 6. (matter)，” British Antarctic Survey (BAS) ecologist Professor Geraint Tarling said.“If they have to take a longer route，they’re not going to get back to their young in time to prevent them 7. (starve) to death.” The iceberg is now about 300 8. (mile) away from the island.Because A68a only extends around 656 feet below the waterline，it could advance quite far before getting stuck.If that happens，the iceberg could be stuck for up to 10 years，increasing its impact 9. wildlife. However，it is very difficult to say precisely what will happen.If the iceberg does stay in the ocean，it could 10. (actual) help local wildlife.The dust it carries would benefit plankton，which supports the entire food web. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界最大的冰山有可能撞上南乔治亚岛，对那里的生物造成一定的影响。 1．解析：　a　考查冠词。空后risk为可数名词单数，故本空应用不定冠词a表示泛指。 2．解析：　named　考查非谓语动词。本空在句中作定语，动词name(命名，给……取名)和被修饰名词The iceberg之间是被动关系，应用动词­ed形式。 3．解析：　possibility　考查词性转换。本空在句中作主语，根据空前冠词a可知，本空应用名词形式。 4．解析：　be blocked　考查动词的语态。动词block与主语routes之间为被动关系，故本空应用被动语态be blocked。 5．解析：　that/which　考查定语从句。本空引导定语从句，修饰名词the period，本空在从句中作主语，指物，故本空应用关系代词that或which。 6．解析：　matters　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据前后句可知，本句应用一般现在时，且句子主语the actual distance是不可数名词，故谓语动词应用单数形式matters。 7．解析：　starving　考查非谓语动词。prevent sb (from) doing sth意为“防止某人做某事”，故本空应用动词­ing形式starving。 8．解析：　miles　考查名词的单复数。根据空前数词300可知，本空应用名词复数形式。 9．解析：　on/upon　考查介词。impact on/upon意为“对……的影响”，故本空应用介词on/upon。 10．解析：　actually　考查词性转换。本空修饰动词help，故应用副词actually。 单元检测卷(三)　UNIT 3　The art of painting (时间：120分钟　满分：150分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) 第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一个小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．Who is the oldest? A．Ted.　　　　　　　 B．Sam. C．The woman. 2．What does the woman want the man to do? A．To listen to the radio. B．To borrow another book. C．To finish reading the book. 3．Why didn’t the man see the woman? A．She went to Beijing. B．She read at home every day. C．She was busy with her writing. 4．Who is the woman most probably speaking to? A．A chef. B．A waiter. C．A friend. 5．What does the man think of watching TV? A．Useless. B．Interesting. C．Helpful. 第二节　(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6．How many languages can the man speak now? A．2.　　　 B．3.　　　 C．4. 7．What will the woman do? A．Find work. B．Learn French. C．Teach the man French. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8．Why does the woman call the man? A．To tell about an interview. B．To change an appointment. C．To ask about an appointment. 9．When will the speakers meet? A．This afternoon. B．Tomorrow afternoon. C．The day after tomorrow. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10．What did the man and the woman use to be? A．Schoolmates. B．Friends. C．Classmates. 11．How long did the woman stay in China? A．For four years. B．For five years. C．For six years. 12．Why did the woman return to New York City? A．To find better work. B．To attend university. C．To stay with her family. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13．What makes the woman upset? A．Something her teacher said. B．Fighting with a classmate. C．Doing badly in an exam. 14．What did the woman do last night? A．She watched TV. B．She studied hard. C．She walked outdoors. 15．Why does the man ask the woman to take out books? A．He wants to study. B．He wants to help her study. C．He wants to borrow books. 16．Where are most probably the speakers? A．In the classroom. B．On the street. C．At home. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17．What does the woman’s father like doing? A．Cooking. B．Exercising. C．Watching sports games. 18．How often does the woman’s father usually eat his favorite meat? A．Twice a week. B．Every day. C．Three to four times a week. 19．What does the woman think of vegetables? A．Important. B．Not delicious. C．Cheap. 20．What do they have in common? A．They all like eating apples. B．They all pay attention to health. C．They all dislike eating ice cream. 1－5　BCCBA　　　6－10　BCBBA 11－15　BCCAB 16－20　CBCAC 听力材料 第一节　听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一个小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 (Text 1) W：Ted，are you older than me? M：I think so.I’m already sixteen while you’re only fifteen. W：We are both younger than Sam.He’s already seventeen. (Text 2) W：Have you finished reading this book? M：Not yet.I listened to the radio this morning and read nothing. W：I need this book tonight.Could you finish it this afternoon? (Text 3) M：Hi，Lisa.Long time no see.You must have traveled to Beijing. W：No.I changed my plan and stayed at home writing my book every day. M：No wonder I didn’t see you. (Text 4) M：Anything else，madam? W：Yes.I also want a lettuce salad.When do you think it’ll be ready? M：Food will be served in about ten minutes. W：OK. (Text 5) W：Do you like sports，David? M：Yes.I play basketball twice a week.What about you? W：I don’t love sports.I spend most of my free time watching TV. M：What a waste of time! 第二节　听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 (Text 6) W：Sam，I heard you’re going to learn French. M：Yes.I really want to learn this language well. W：You’re already good at English，Italian and German.Why do you still want to learn one more language? M：Well，the more languages I speak，the easier it’ll be for me to find work. W：I guess you’re right. M：So do you speak any foreign language? W：Yes.I can speak French.I can teach you French if you like. M：That’d be great! 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 (Text 7) W：Hi，Professor Wang.It’s Emma speaking.I’m glad you’re there. M：Hi，Emma.What’s up? W：It’s about our appointment.I’m afraid I can’t go to your office this afternoon. M：Are you going to do anything very important? W：Yes.I just remembered I have to go to a job interview this afternoon.I really want to get the job，so I don’t want to miss it. M：That’s OK.But we need to find another date. W：What about tomorrow morning? M：I have to give a lecture tomorrow morning.Can you make it after 3：00 tomorrow afternoon? W：Yes，I can.So I’ll go to your office around 3：00 tomorrow afternoon. M：OK.See you then.Bye. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 (Text 8) M：Do you mind if I sit here? W：Of course not.Take your seat，please.Wait a minute.I think I’ve seen you before.Do we know each other? M：Oh，yes.Now I remember.We attended the same high school.We were both in the music club.You were really good at singing.Do you still sing? W：Yes.But not as often as before.Now I’m often busy with my work.So where did you go after high school? M：I went to university in Chicago.What about you? W：I went to study in China.I studied there for four years. M：So can you speak Chinese? W：Yes.Now I can speak Chinese very well.I often traveled around the country during the summer and winter vacations.I could not only see around the country，but also practice my spoken Chinese with others. M：Did you find work in China after you finished your studies there? W：Yes.I worked there for one year before I returned to New York City. M：Why did you return? W：I missed my family. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 (Text 9) M：How was school today，Jane? W：It couldn’t be worse.I hate school. M：What happened？Did you fight with your classmates？Did your teacher say anything embarrassing about you? W：No.I did badly in the English exam.I don’t think I’ll pass it. M：You should have prepared well for it.You watched TV for at least two hours last night.Didn’t you know you had an exam today? W：I knew.I just didn’t want to study last night.I thought it’d help me more if I took a break the night before the exam. M：Some people can really do better if they take a break before an exam.But such people have prepared well for the exam.You’re different because you don’t study hard at all. W：I got your point.I’ll study harder.Could you promise not to tell Mom anything about the exam？I don’t want her to be angry. M：OK.But do you have any upcoming exams? W：Yes.I’ll take a physics exam tomorrow.And I haven’t prepared for it，either. M：Take out your books and I’ll help you prepare. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 (Text 10) W：Different people love different food. In my family，though all of us love meat，we love different kinds of meat.My father，who loves doing sports and working out in the gym，loves eating beef very much.He eats beef every other day.My mother，who pays great attention to health，considers fish healthy and mostly eats fish.My brother loves pork best，while my favorite meat is chicken. In order to stay healthy，eating vegetables is also very important.All of my family members have our favorite vegetables.My father loves different kinds of boiled beans.My mother loves tomatoes best.My brother’s favorite vegetable is carrots，while I love red onions best. We also eat a lot of fruit.My father loves apples best，while my mother loves peaches most.My brother considers grapes the best fruit，while I love eating oranges best. Although we have so many differences，we do have something in common.None of us like eating ice cream. 第二部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A (2021·四川省乐山市高一下学期期末) Fine art fairs(艺术博览会)are the trend of the 21st century，with new art and antique (古玩)fairs and festivals springing up in diverse parts of the world.Here is a list of four noteworthy art fairs. Art Basel，Basel，Switzerland The granddaddy of art fairs，Art Basel，was established in 1970 by a group of local art gallerists and is the biggest contemporary art fair in the world.Art Basel takes place over a 5­day period each June in Basel，Switzerland.The high cost of renting space for gallery owners is offset (抵消)by the huge attendance at the fair.For example in 2010，about 60，000 visitors attended Art Basel. Frieze Art Fair, London Frieze Art Fair was established in 2003 and is one of the few fairs to focus only on contemporary art and living artists.The fair takes place every October in Regent’s Park，London.It features over 170 of the most exciting contemporary art galleries in the world. In addition to the fair which began in 2003，the fair owners Matthew Slotover and Amanda Sharp publish Frieze，an international art magazine established in 1991 and devoted to contemporary art. TEFAF Maastricht, the Netherlands Established in 1975 as The Pictura Fine Art Fair，and renamed The European Fine Art Foundation (TEFAF) ，Maastricht in 1996，the fair includes 260 of the world’s most famous art and antique dealers from 16 countries. The 24th edition of the TEFAF fair held March 18—27，2011 featured 260 dealers exhibiting approximately 30，000 artworks and antiques with an overall value of $ US 1.4 billion. ARCO, Madrid ARCO Madrid was established in 1982 and is one of Europe’s leading and popular art fairs.In addition to the exhibiting galleries (in 2011，197 international art galleries participated)，a series of lectures and specially focused exhibitions take place. 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个值得关注的艺术博览会。 21．How does Art Basel cover the expense of renting space? A．By selling tickets. B．By selling expensive exhibits. C．By donation from dealers. D．By support from the government. A　[细节理解题。根“Art Basel, Basel, Switzerland部分中“The high cost of renting space for gallery owners is offset(抵消)by the huge attendance at the fair.”可知，巴塞尔艺术展通过售票来支付租用场地的费用，故选A项。] 22．The owners of Frieze Art Fair are also in charge of ． A．170 living artists B．an international art magazine C．30，000 artworks and antiques D．a series of lectures B　[细节理解题。根据Frieze Art Fair, London部分中“In addition to the fair which began in 2003，the fair owners Matthew Slotover and Amanda Sharp publish Frieze，an international art magazine established in 1991 and devoted to contemporary art.”可知，Frieze Art Fair的所有者也负责一本国际艺术杂志，故选B项。] 23．Which of the following has the longest history? A．Art Basel. B．Frieze Art Fair. C．TEFAF. D．ARCO. A　[细节理解题。根据Art Basel, Basel, Switzerland部分中“The granddaddy of art fairs，Art Basel，was established in 1970 by a group of local art gallerists and is the biggest contemporary art fair in the world.”；Frieze Art Fair, London部分中“Frieze Art Fair was established in 2003 and is one of the few fairs to focus only on contemporary art and living artists.”TEFAF Maastricht, the Netherlands部分中“Established in 1975 as The Pictura Fine Art Fair，and renamed The European Fine Art Foundation (TEFAF)，Maastricht in 1996，the fair includes 260 of the world’s most famous art and antique dealers from 16 countries.”和ARCO, Madrid部分中“ARCO Madrid was established in 1982 and is one of Europe’s leading and popular art fairs.”可知，Art Basel的历史最长，故选A。] B (2021·山东省德州市高一下学期期末) You don’t generally expect to put yourself in the public eye when you go on vacation.However，when a British couple，Jessica and Edward，flew to Crete，they found themselves attracting a lot of attention after coming across a large sum of money in the street. At first，their Crete vacation hadn’t been anything outside of the norm.However，it was as they were exploring the souvenir shops that everything changed.The couple were just walking down the street when Jessica suddenly kicked something lying on the ground.It looked a bit like a make­up bag and so they assumed that someone had lost it. Without hesitation，Jessica picked up the bag and opened it.She was shocked to see a lot of money in it—a total of 7，100 Euros.There was probably a lot they could do with all that money.However，the couple didn’t have it in them to steal what belonged to someone else.Going to the police was the first thought that came to mind when Jessica saw the money.She didn’t consider that there was any other choice，so the couple handed over the money to the local police. The police found the owner，an elderly woman，and informed the couple that the woman wanted to meet them.When they eventually met at the police station，the woman was so overcome with emotion that she wouldn’t stop hugging and blessing them，although they insisted they were just doing the right thing. News of what the couple had done quickly made its way around the island.The locals wanted to show them their gratitude.This included receiving free taxi rides and even an offer to have their hotel room upgraded.The couple appreciated the kindness，but it was all getting to be a bit too much.They just wanted to have a normal vacation. They are probably hoping that they fly a little more under the radar during their next vacation.There’s only so much attention that these two lovebirds can handle. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要通过讲述了一对夫妻拾金不昧的善举得到了回报的故事告诉我们好人有好报的道理。 24．What is the first reaction of the couple after finding the money? A．They decided to do all with that money. B．They bought something in souvenir shops. C．They turned it over to the local police station. D．They tried to look for the owner by themselves. C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“Going to the police was the first thought that came to mind when Jessica saw the money.”可知，夫妻找到钱后的第一反应是把它交给了当地警察局，故选C项。] 25．Which of the following can best describe the locals in Crete? A．Polite and hard­working. B．Kind and grateful. C．Sociable and honest. D．Rich and determined. B　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The locals wanted to show them their gratitude....but it was all getting to be a bit too much.”可推断出，克里特岛的当地人很善良和且有感恩之心，故选B项。] 26．Why do the couple hope to “fly a little more under the radar” in the last paragraph? A．They want to take fewer flights. B．They can’t handle more radars. C．They hope to gain less attention. D．They don’t have more money. C　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中“They are probably hoping that they fly a little more under the radar during their next vacation.There’s only so much attention that these two lovebirds can handle.”可知，这对夫妇希望“更低调一些”是因为他们希望获得较少的关注，故选C项。] 27．What can we learn from the text? A．Good things come to kind people. B．The early bird catches the worm. C．Behind bad luck comes good luck. D．Money is too much for strangers. A　[推理判断题。本文讲述了一对夫妇度假时捡到一笔钱，他们将它交给警察，后来善事传到整个岛，岛上的人对他们很感激，并做了很多回报他们。因此这个故事告诉我们：善有善报，故选A项。] C (2021·吉林省汪清县高一下学期期中) Halloween is a great time in the lives of both children and adults.However，even the best Halloween can be ruined by trees filled with toilet paper and egg residues(残渣)that won’t wash off.How can you keep your home safe on Halloween？There are some measures you can take. Make it known that you’re at home.Pranksters are less likely to play a trick if they know someone is at home.You may want to close the glass on your screen door and open your front door so that you can see everyone moving around outside.This also allows pranksters to see that you’re at home. Turn on the lights inside your home and outside.Having all the lights on lets pranksters know that you’re not only at home，but you’re awake.If a prankster knows you’re awake，he’ll be more likely to skip your house and head for another one.Even if you need to get in bed early，keep all the lights on except in your bedroom.Pranksters aren’t going to know which room is your bedroom. Ask the police to patrol(巡逻)the area.It’s a policeman’s job to keep citizens safe，especially on Halloween.In some cities the crime rate can increase fast on October 31.A polite call to your local police station should get you the service you need.Above all，no pranksters are going to throw eggs at your house when the policemen are patrolling the area. Set up a neighborhood watch.One of the best ways to keep your home safe on Halloween is to get the neighbors involved.No one wants his trees covered with toilet paper.Ask your neighbors to keep their eyes open and to follow the same steps you’ve taken to help keep your home safe.If the entire neighborhood is lit up，pranksters are less likely to stop by. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何确保我们的住所在万圣节前夕避免受到一些爱搞恶作剧的人的破坏。 28．The underlined word “Pranksters” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Persons who like Halloween very much. B．Persons who play practical jokes on people. C．Persons who often commit a crime at night. D．Persons who enter one’s house by force. B　[词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句中的to play a trick(开玩笑，捉弄)可猜测，划线词pranksters指那些搞恶作剧的人，故选B项。] 29．How can you make pranksters know you are at home and skip(快速溜走) your house? A．By moving around outside your house. B．By closing your front door. C．By turning on inside and outside lights. D．By staying up and being awake. C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“Having all the lights on lets pranksters know...he’ll be more likely to skip your house and head for another one.”可知，把室内、室外的灯打开可让恶作剧的人知道你在家，从而避免他们破坏你的房子，故选C项。] 30．What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A．A policeman’s main task is to patrol the area. B．The crime rate increases fast in some cities. C．You have to pay for a policeman to patrol your area. D．The policemen can help a lot with your home safety on Halloween. D　[细节理解题。根据第四段中“Ask the police to patrol the area.It’s a policeman’s job to keep citizens safe，especially on Halloween.”及“Above all，no pranksters are going to throw eggs at your house when the policemen are patrolling the area.”可知，在万圣节，警察可以帮助你家里的安全，故选D项。] 31．What does the last paragraph stress? A．The importance of neighborhood teamwork. B．The importance of keeping homes safe. C．The importance of being on one’s guard. D．The importance of informing everyone of the danger. A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Set up a neighborhood watch.”和本段内容可知，本段主要介绍了整个社区可以协作起来以保证住房安全。由此可以推断出，最后一段强调邻里合作的重要性，故选A项。] D (2021·安徽省亳州市高一下学期期末) The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful，or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，uneasiness，or worry.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people，just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.Therefore，when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops，what may be implied is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures，silence is a call for reflection. Other cultures may use silence in other ways，particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.For example，Russian，French，and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion.However，Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.In still another use，persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect，particularly to an elder or a person in authority. Nurses and other care­givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。 32．What does the author say about silence in conversations? A．It implies anger. B．It promotes friendship. C．It is culture­specific. D．It is content­based. C　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.”及“Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups...view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.”可知，作者认为谈话中的沉默是有文化特性的，故选C项。] 33．Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought? A．The Chinese. B．The French. C．The Mexicans. D．The Russians. A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Many Native Americans value silence and feel ...is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.”可知，印第安人、中国人和泰国人认为谈话时人们沉默是为了让别人思考，故选A项。] 34．What does the author advise nurses to do about silence? A．Let it continue as the patient pleases. B．Break it while treating patients. C．Evaluate its harm to patients. D．Make use of its healing effects. D　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中“A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.”可推断出，作者建议护士要用沉默来治疗病人，故选D项。] 35．What may be the best title for the text? A．Sound and Silence B．What It Means to Be Silent C．Silence to Native Americans D．Speech Is Silver；Silence Is Gold B　[标题归纳题。根据第一段中“The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.”(沉默的含义因文化群体而异。)可知，本文介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义。故最佳标题为B项(沉默意味着什么)。] 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 (2021·山东省日照市高一下学期期末) After you go to college，you’ll find you have to buy a lot of textbooks. 36 If you want to make ends meet and successfully make it through college，you have to find ways to save on college textbooks.Here are some of the tips that would help you cut back and manage your book expense. 37 The first thing you want to do when you need a specific book is to go to the bookstore.But the most effective way to save money on college books is to stay away from the bookstore.While it is more convenient to purchase textbooks in the bookstore，it could cost you a lot of money. 38 You can save a lot of money when you purchase your books online.You can buy college textbooks from Amazon，Half.com，CENGAGE Learning，Barnes & Noble and other websites.If you want to save money on college books，it is best to check BigWords.com.This website will help you find promotions，discounts and other deals. Rent your college textbooks.If you feel you are not going to use the book after the end of the semester，it is best to rent it instead. 39 You can check campusbookrentals.com，bookbyete.com，bookrenter.com，chegg.com and ecampus.com.This can save you a lot of money on textbooks. Check your university library.If you do not need the book all the time，it is best to do your research in the university library instead. 40 In this way，you can ensure the book is available when you need it.You can also use the interlibrary loan system. A．Buy your books online. B．Do not go to the bookstore. C．You can rent books from other students. D．Buy books from second­hand bookstores. E．College textbooks can be very expensive. F．Many websites and booksellers rent books. G．You’d better order the book you need ahead of time. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大学生可以采取的节省大学课本费用的方法。 36．E　[根据前文“After you go to college，you’ll find you have to buy a lot of textbooks.”及后文“If you want to make ends meet and successfully make it through college，you have to find ways to save on college textbooks.”可知，E项(大学课本可能很贵。)承接上文，引出了下文针对大学课本很贵的现状提出了一些解决办法。] 37．B　[根据后文“The first thing you want to do when you need a specific book is to go to the bookstore.But the most effective way to save money on college books is to stay away from the bookstore.”可知，B项(不要去书店。)符合文意，说明书店的书很贵。] 38．A　[根据后文“You can save a lot of money when you purchase your books online.”可知，A项(在网上买书。)符合文意，引出下文在网上买书省钱的事。] 39．F　[根据前文“Rent your college textbooks.If you feel you are not going to use the book after the end of the semester，it is best to rent it instead.”及后文“You can check campusbookrentals.com，bookbyete.com，bookrenter.com，chegg.com and ecampus.com.”可知，F项(许多网站和书商都提供租书服务。)符合上下文文意，引出下文列出了很多网站的名字。] 40．G　[根据前文“ If you do not need the book all the time，it is best to do your research in the university library instead.”及后文“In this way，you can ensure the book is available when you need it.”可知，G项(你最好提前预订你需要的书。)符合上下文文意，下文中this way指的是G项order the book you need ahead of time的做法。] 第三部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 (2021·山东省德州市高一下学期期末) When I was a young boy I was living in a poor neighborhood as a foster(代养的)child.I would often 41 to help clean a yard or wash some walls 42 some pocket money just to buy some clothes or candy. Once I knocked on the door of an elderly woman and asked if she needed her yard cleaned.She asked why I was not in school and I 43 her my torn trousers and 44 shoes.And when I finished the work，she gave me some 45 ．She said，“I want you to buy some trousers and new shoes and 46 school.I also want you to come back and 47 me with your report card and I will 48 you when I see you have worked hard and have some good marks.” I returned several times to see the woman and she did just as she 49 ．She looked at my report card and gave me a handful of dollars and a sandwich every time I 50 showed her I had an “A” or “B”．And over the next years she continued to be this 51 influence in my life but I 52 knew her name. Later，I moved from that neighborhood into a different home.I will of course never 53 the huge difference this wonderful 54 made over my life with her 55 ；this is something I hope to do myself in this lifetime over and over again. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在一个陌生老太太的启发下变得越来越好的故事。 41．A.happen　　　　　　　 B．offer C．apply D．agree B　[根据下文“Once I knocked on the door of an elderly woman and asked if she needed her yard cleaned.”可知，他是主动提出(offer)干活的。offer to do sth意为“主动提出做某事”。] 42．A.in charge of B．in place of C．in exchange for D．in preparation for C　[根据下文“And when I finished the work，she gave me some money.”可知，通过工作来交换(in exchange for)钱财。] 43．A.selected B．showed C．carried D．left B　[根据“She asked why I was not in school”可知，老人询问原因，把自己的贫穷展示(show)给老人看。] 44．A.special B．strong C．worn­out D．clean­washed C　[根据上文“I was living in a poor neighborhood”可知，作者是个穷孩子，因此穿的是破旧的(worn­out)衣物和鞋子。] 45．A.food B．money C．clothes D．trousers B　[根据下文“I want you to buy some trousers and new shoes and school.”可知，老人给的是钱(money)。] 46．A.return to B．leave for C．adapt to D．look for A　[根据下文“when I see you have worked hard and have some good marks”可知，她想让作者回到(return to)学校。] 47．A.challenge B．impress C．visit D．treat C　[根据句中的“come back”可知，是想让作者回来看望(visit)她。] 48．A.reward B．comfort C．thank D．repay A　[根据下文的“gave me a handful of dollars and a sandwich”可知，老人给的是奖励(reward)。] 49．A.hoped B．recorded C．waited D．promised D　[根据下文“gave me a handful of dollars and a sandwich every time I showed her I had an ‘A’ or ‘B’．”可知，老人信守承诺(promise)。] 50．A.proudly B．carefully C．anxiously D．nervously A　[根据“showed her I had an ‘A’ or ‘B’．”可知，得了“A”或“B”应该很自豪(proudly)。] 51．A.typical B．positive C．extra D．common B　[因为老人的做法使作者变得更好，因此对作者产生了积极的(positive)影响。] 52．A.still B．even C．also D．never D　[根据转折词but可知，作者从来不(never)知道老人的名字。] 53．A.forget B．believe C．receive D．compare A　[根据下文“this is something I hope to do myself in this lifetime over and over again”可知，作者是不会忘记的(forget)。] 54．A.guest B．partner C．stranger D．relative C　[根据上文“but I knew her name.”可知，作者不知道她的姓名，她只是个陌生人(stranger)。] 55．A.dream B．trust C．principle D．inspiration D　[根据“this is something I hope to do myself in this lifetime over and over again”可知，是老人的启发(inspiration)使得作者变得更好。] 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2022·浙江省杭州市高二上学期期末) Bees are disappearing.But does it 56. (real) matter if bees disappear? Are they so important to our environment? The short answer is，yes，it does matter and yes，they are important.Bees fly around from flower to flower，looking 57. pollen(花粉).They use these to produce honey，58. is food for their colonies.But at 59. same time，the bees help to move pollen from one flower to another.This process 60. (call) pollination(授粉).Pollination means that the flowers can create seeds and new flowers.Without bees，many flowers can’t make seeds or fruit.In fact，bees take 61. (responsible) for the pollination of one third of all the plants that we eat.A single hive(蜂箱)with 50，000 honeybees can pollinate 500，000 plants in one day! Imagine 62. (live) in a world with no apples，carrots，onions，strawberries or，of course，honey.That’s a world with no bees. So，why are the bees disappearing? Scientists think that there 63. (be) several possible reasons，including climate change，disease and pesticides.But it’s not all bad news.Primary schools，businesses，universities and community centres are now setting up 64. (they) own hives.They enjoy the delicious honey and they know that they are helping to look after some of the most important 65. (insect) on the planet. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蜜蜂的重要性和蜜蜂消失的原因。 56．解析：　really　考查词性转换。本空修饰动词matter，故应用副词作状语。 57．解析：　for　考查介词。look for意为“寻找”，故本空应用介词for。 58．解析：　which　考查定语从句。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词honey，本空在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词which引导。 59．解析：　the　考查冠词。at the same time意为“同时”，故本空应用定冠词the。 60．解析：　is called　考查动词的时态和语态。本句介绍的是客观事实，故应用一般现在时，且句子主语process和动词call之间为被动关系，故本空应用一般现在时的被动语态。 61．解析：　responsibility　考查词性转换。本空作动词take的宾语，故应用名词形式。take responsibility for意为“为……负责”。 62．解析：　living　考查非谓语动词。imagine doing sth意为“想象做某事”，故本空应用动词­ing形式作宾语。 63．解析：　are　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句介绍的是客观事实，故应用一般现在时，且句子主语reasons为复数，故本空应用are。 64．解析：　their　考查代词。本空修饰名词hives，故应用形容词性物主代词。 65．解析：　insects　考查名词的单复数。根据空前some可知，本空应用复数形式。 第四部分　写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) (2021·山东省枣庄市第八中学高一下学期期中) 假定你是李华。你市展览馆正在举办主题为“我和我的祖国”的书法(calligraphy)绘画展。请给交换生Jerry用英语写一封邮件，约他一起去参观该展览，内容包括： 1．参观目的； 2．参观内容； 3．约定时间。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Jerry， Looking forward to meeting you! Yours sincerely， Li Hua [参考范文] Dear Jerry， I’m writing to invite you to visit a calligraphy and painting exhibition being held in the exhibition center in our city.It’s a great opportunity to know more about Chinese culture. The show centers around “My people，My country” and displays lots of classic paintings about diligent Chinese people and their happy lives，from which you can also learn about the big changes and rapid advances of the country.I’m sure you will be interested in them. I wonder if you will be available this Saturday.If not，please let me know what time you are free. Looking forward to meeting you! Yours sincerely， Li Hua 第二节(满分25分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2021·辽宁省辽阳市高二上学期期末) When I was young，I lived in a small village in Melaka.We lived in a house in a row of shop houses.The spirit of neighborliness was very strong then.We needn’t lock the doors of our houses by day or night.The village had a variety of trades to serve the needs of the villagers.There was barber，tailor，coffee shop owner，grocer，baker，electrician，plumber，and so on.All of us were quite poor by today’s standards but we got by.However，one family that could be considered to live a marginal(边界的)existence was the Lim family living in the bicycle shop opposite our house. Mr Lim，the bicycle mechanic，had quite a few children—twelve to be exact.The joke among the neighbors was that he was aiming to form a football team among his children.However，seriously speaking，it was no joke for him trying to feed his growing children daily. My mother was a kind­hearted woman.Often，she would remark that his children were dressed in ragged(破旧的)clothes and looked malnourished(营养不良的).My family was relatively rich in the village and my father was the headman.My mother would bring over whatever food we could spare to our neighbors.On occasions when there was leftover food from village weddings or festivals，my father would ask me to take the food to Mr Lim.I did not mind visiting Lim’s bicycle shop as I had an interest in bicycles. I shared a room with my brothers overlooking the bicycle shop.I was interested in the repair of bicycles and would often stare out of the window to see Mr Lim work.As time went on，I noticed Mr Lim become more and more cheerful.The number of customers at his shop had increased steadily.He sold many shiny new bicycles. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Paragraph 1： Soon，Mr Lim’s business became better and better with the help of his eldest son. Paragraph 2： It was at that time that my father’s business took a turn for the worse. [参考范文] Paragraph 1： Soon，Mr Lim’s business became better and better with the help of his eldest son.He often helped his father with his work.This boy was very good with his hands.He proved very popular with his customers.It was he who expanded his father’s business after he dropped out of school when his father needed his help in their growing bicycle business.He started a motorcycle repairing service to add on to his father’s trade.Business at Mr Lim’s shop took off like a rocket and they soon lived a good life. Paragraph 2： It was at that time that my father’s business took a turn for the worse.One day，his senior assistant ran away with a large number of the shop’s earnings，which led to my father’s being in debt.My father then unwillingly sold our family car to pay off the increasing bills.They say that one good deed deserves another.Mr Lim came to learn of our situation and stepped in to help.He stated emotionally that it was his turn to repay the kindness that my father had shown to him in the past.With his generous help，my father’s business gradually returned to normal. …………………………………[背话题金句，写高分文章] …………………………………　 1．Some classic works not only offer us joy and excitement，but also encourage us to think critically. 一些经典作品不仅给我们带来欢乐和兴奋，而且鼓励我们批判性地思考。 2．Poetry shows us a strong power and makes us feel subtle emotion. 诗歌给我们展示了一种强大的力量，使我们感到微妙的情感。 3．Nowadays，many famous poets in ancient China and their great works are still influencing us，among whom Li Bai，Du Fu and Bai Juyi are my favourite ones. 如今，中国古代许多著名诗人及其伟大作品仍在影响着我们，其中李白、杜甫、白居易是我最喜爱的诗人。 4．Song poetry is a precious treasure in classical Chinese literature. 宋词是中国古典文学宝库中的珍宝。 5．I’ve always been fond of poetry and one piece has always stuck in my mind. 我一直喜爱诗歌，有一首诗总是牢记在我心间。　 ………………………………………[单元话题导入] ……………………………………… Tang poetry is a most brilliant page in the history of ancient Chinese literature.It’s a miracle① in the cultural history of mankind.The Tang Dynasty was a powerful empire② with a vast territory③.Tang poetry wasn’t the only spiritual wealth④ created by the Tang Dynasty people.Philosophy and religion，handwriting and painting，and music and dance all gained new peaks of development.Tang poetry，however，was the jewel in the crown. There were many famous poets living in the Tang period，such as Li Bai，Du Fu，Bai Juyi and Li Shangyin.Poems of the Tang Dynasty edited in the Qing Dynasty is a collection of more than 48，900 poems that were written by over 2，200 poets.But it didn’t cover all the poems of the Tang Dynasty. Tang Dynasty poets wrote poems to win fame⑤ and also to develop their temperament(性情).They poured out deep feelings for their friends and criticized injustice⑥ in the world through poems. In the Tang Dynasty scholars had to be poets.Their readers were not only people of high social position but also common people.Poets recited poems，while women singers sang poems and other ranks of people，including old women and children，read Tang poems.This atmosphere affected foreigners who visited the country at that time.As a result，Tang poetry was introduced to some adjacent⑦ countries，like Japan and Vietnam. 唐诗是中华民族珍贵的文化遗产之一，是中华文化宝库中的一颗明珠，同时也对世界上许多国家的文化发展产生了很大影响，对于后人研究唐代的政治、民情、风俗、文化等都有重要的参考意义。 阅读助手： ①miracle n．奇迹 ②empire n．帝国 ③territory n．领土，版图 ④spiritual wealth 精神财富 ⑤fame n．名声，声誉 ⑥injustice n．不公平 ⑦adjacent adj.邻近的；与……毗连的 随堂笔记 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading ………………………………◎ ①imply vt.含有……的意思，暗示，暗指 ②reveal vt.揭示；显示；透露 ③dimension n．方面，侧面；规模，程度；维度 ④grasp n．理解，领会；抓紧，握紧，控制；能力所及 vt.抓紧；领会，理解 beyond one’s grasp 不能理解；力所不及 ⑤detect vt.发现，查明，侦察出 ⑥rhyme n．押韵词；押韵 vt.使押韵 vi.和……同韵 ⑦approach vt.靠近；着手处理 ⑧complex adj.复杂的，难懂的 n．建筑群；复合体；情结 ⑨contradictory adj.相互矛盾的，对立的 ⑩dig up 发现，搜集，查明 ⑪clue n．线索，提示；迹象 ⑫pay attention to 注意 ⑬cage vt.把(动物)关在笼中 n．笼子 ⑭find out (尤指通过刻意努力)发现，找出，查明 ⑮trill n．(鸟的)啼啭；颤音 vt.欢快地高声说 vi.发颤音 ⑯long for 渴望…… ⑰interpret vt.解释，阐释；把……理解为，领会；演绎 vi.口译 ⑱patience n．耐心，忍耐力 ⑲aside adv.到旁边，在旁边；留，存；除……以外 set sth aside 把……放一边；留出 ⑳remote adj.偏远的，偏僻的；遥远的，久远的；远亲的 reward vt.奖励，奖赏 n．奖励，回报；悬赏金 constantly adv.始终，一直 unrecognized adj.未被意识到的；被忽略的 logical adj.符合逻辑的；必然的，合乎情理的 inner adj.内心的，隐藏的；里面的，内部的 as long as 只要 perceive vt.注意到，意识到；将……理解为，将……视为 reality n．现实，实际情况；事实，实际经历 ◎……………………………… How to read a poem Poetry is a combination of “sound” and “sense”．More than any other type of literature，it usually implies① a deeper meaning beyond the words on the page.So，how to reveal② this hidden dimension③？ First，follow your ears.While you may ask “What does it mean？” as you begin reading a poem，it is better to ask “How does it sound？” Even if its true meaning appears to be beyond your grasp④【1】，you can always say something about how the poem sounds 【2】 when you read it aloud.Do you detect⑤ a rhythm? Are there any repeated words，rhymes⑥ or other special effects? All of these are good qualities to notice【3】，and they may lead you to a better understanding of the poem in the end.Read these lines to feel how they sound 【4】． 【1】even if引导让步状语从句，even if意为“即使，尽管”。 【2】how引导宾语从句，作介词about的宾语。 【3】动词不定式短语作定语，修饰名词qualities。 【4】动词不定式短语作目的状语，how引导宾语从句；作动词feel的宾语。 Sweet and low，sweet and low， Wind of the western sea， Low，low，breathe and blow， Wind of the western sea! Over the rolling waters go， Come from the dying moon，and blow， Blow him again to me； While my little one，while my pretty one，sleeps. (From “Sweet and Low”by Alfred Tennyson) Second，approach⑦ the poem as if you were an explorer in an unfamiliar landscape【5】．Ask some basic questions about the poem.Who is talking? Who is being talked to? What is being described? Is there a sense of place? Are there other people or objects there? As you explore the poem，you will begin to see images in your mind.What are those images，and what happens when they are put together? This combination is often complex⑧ or even contradictory⑨.As you slowly explore your surroundings，you will start to dig up⑩ clues⑪ that give you a greater understanding of the poem 【6】．Read these lines，pay attention to⑫ the image of the caged⑬ bird and try to find out⑭ what it means 【7】． 【5】as if引导状语从句，as if意为“好像，似乎”。 【6】that引导定语从句，修饰名词clues。 【7】what引导宾语从句，作动词短语find out的宾语。 The caged bird sings with a fearful trill⑮ of things unknown but longed for ⑯still and his tune is heard on the distant hill for the caged bird sings of freedom. (From “Caged Bird” by Maya Angelou) Third，if you are still struggling to interpret⑰ the$$