UNIT 2 Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment-【金版新学案】2023-2024学年新教材高一英语选择性必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（译林版2020）

Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment ………………………………◎ ①scroll n．长卷纸，卷轴 ②insight n．洞悉，了解；洞察力，领悟 ③currently adv.目前，当下 ④present vt.展现，显示，表现 ⑤crop n．庄稼，作物；收成，产量 ⑥wind vi.& vt.(wound，wound) 蜿蜒，迂回；上发条；缠绕 ⑦sail vi.& vt.(乘船)航行；起航；驾驶(船只)；飘，掠 n．帆；乘船航行 ⑧civilian n．平民，老百姓，庶民 ⑨picture vt.描述，描写 ⑩all walks of life 各行各业，社会各界 ⑪butcher n．肉贩，屠夫 ⑫go about sth 忙于做某事，继续做某事 ⑬apparent adj.显而易见，明白易懂，显然 ⑭ink n．墨水，墨汁 ⑮perspective n．透视法；态度，观点；客观判断力；景观，远景 ⑯precise adj.细致的，精细的；准确的，精确的；恰好的 ⑰ambitious adj.宏大的，艰巨的；有野心的，有雄心的 ⑱enormous adj.巨大的，庞大的 ⑲thanks to 多亏，幸亏 ⑳comprehensive adj.全面的，详尽的；综合性的 reveal vt.揭示；显示；透露 clothing n．衣服，服装 business practice 商业惯例 temple n．庙宇，寺院 structure n．建筑物；结构，构造；精心组织 at first sight 第一眼，乍看之下 overall adj.全面的，综合的 adv.全部，总计；一般来说，大体上 critic n．批评家，评论家；批评者，挑剔的人 inspection n．检查，查看，审视；视察 expose vt.揭露，揭穿；暴露，显露；使遭受；使接触 political adj.政治的，政府的，政权的；政党的，党派的 belong to 属于 lose control of 失去对……的控制 soldier n．军人，士兵 in danger of 处于……危险之中 crash into 撞上 crisis n．(pl. crises) 危机，危急关头；危难时刻，病危期 decline n．衰退，衰落，减少，下降 vi.& vt.减少，下降，衰退，衰落；谢绝 overthrow vt.(overthrew，overthrown)推翻，打倒 n．推翻，打倒 be down to 由……引起(或造成) scale n．规模，范围；等级，级别；标度；比例 emperor n．皇帝 in one’s own right 凭自身的资格(或努力) outstanding adj.优秀的，杰出的；突出的，明显的 in one piece安然无恙的，完好无损的 exhibition n．展览，展出 rare adj.稀少的，罕见的；稀罕的，珍贵的 speak volumes about 充分说明，清楚表明 historic adj.历史上著名的；有史时期的 ◎……………………………… Qingming Scroll① Zhang Zeduan’s Qingming Scroll is a masterwork of Chinese art.Painted on a five­metre­long silk scroll【1】，it offers an important insight② into life in China in the 12th century.It is commonly believed that the city described in the painting is Bianjing (present­day Kaifeng)，the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty.【2】 The ancient scroll has survived the test of time remarkably well，and is currently③ housed in the Palace Museum in Beijing. 【1】动词­ed形式短语作状语。 【2】it作形式主语，that引导主语从句；动词­ed形式短语described in the painting作定语，修饰名词city。 The scroll consists of three main sections.The first section presents④ a peaceful scene of rural life near Bianjing，featuring crop⑤ fields【3】，a river winding⑥ through the landscape【4】，and farmers hard at work.The second section shows the riverbanks and the central bridge alive with activity as boats sail⑦ in and out of Bianjing.Civilians⑧ can also be seen walking through the city gate in both directions.The third and final section pictures⑨ life inside the city itself.Here，hundreds of people from all walks of life⑩，including butchers⑪，hairdressers and government officials，can be seen going about⑫ their daily business.The combination of these three sections gives the viewer an idea of what life was like for the people of Bianjing【5】． 【3】动词­ing形式短语作状语。 【4】动词­ing形式短语作定语，修饰名词river。 【5】what引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语。 Zhang’s amazing artistic technique is apparent⑬ all across the scroll.Using ink⑭ on silk【6】，he creates realistic images of scenery，buildings and people，and displays a remarkable mastery of perspective⑮.The most impressive aspect of the painting，however，is probably Zhang’s precise⑯ brushwork.This well­developed ability，as well as the scroll’s ambitious⑰ size，allows Zhang to show an enormous⑱ amount of detail—you could study the painting for hours and still discover something new. Thanks to⑲ all this fine detail，the Qingming Scroll provides a comprehensive⑳ look at life during the Northern Song Dynasty.It reveals a great deal about the 12th­century Chinese customs，clothing，transportation methods，business practices，and a wide range of buildings，such as temples，teahouses and government structures.At first sight，the overall scene of life in the capital city appears peaceful and cheerful.However，some critics suggest that on closer inspection，the painting actually exposes serious political and social problems.Some boats carrying food【7】 do not seem to belong to the government，which suggests that the government has lost control of food supplies and transportation【8】．Also in the painting are soldiers who appear to ignore their duties．【9】 There are some less obvious indicators of trouble too.For example，in the centre of the scroll，a boat is in danger of crashing into the bridge.These sorts of details point to a crisis developing in the city【10】．In fact，the Northern Song Dynasty was in decline by this stage.About twenty years after the painting was completed，it was overthrown. 【7】动词­ing形式短语作定语，修饰名词boats。 【8】which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句。 【9】本句为完全倒装句；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词soldiers。 【10】动词­ing形式短语作定语，修饰名词crisis。 Zhang’s timeless scroll is an important example of realism in the history of Chinese paintings.Its value is down not only to its great scale，artistic quality and attention to detail，but also to its representation of daily life.Such is its worth that several later emperors even asked the most talented artists of their day to make copies of the scroll.【11】 Some of these copies are now regarded as precious works of art in their own right.With the Qingming Scroll，Zhang made an outstanding contribution to Chinese art and greatly influenced generations of future artists. The original scroll is still in one piece despite its age，but it is extremely delicate.Because of this，it is not often displayed to the public.The last time it was on exhibition【12】，crowds waited in line for hours for the rare chance to see the famous painting with their own eyes【13】．The public’s continued enthusiasm about the Qingming Scroll，even after all these centuries，speaks volumes about the power of this historic piece of art. 【12】the last time引导时间状语从句。 【13】动词不定式短语作定语，修饰名词chance。 《清明上河图》 张择端的《清明上河图》是中国艺术的杰作。此画为五米绢本长卷，它对于我们洞悉12世纪中国的生活面貌是极其重要的。人们通常认为，画中描绘的城市是汴京(今开封)，即北宋的都城。这幅古老画历经沧桑依旧完好，现藏于北京故宫博物院。 全画可分为三部分。第一部分展现了汴京近郊恬静的乡村生活，重点描绘了农田、蜿蜒而过的河流和辛勤劳作的农民。第二部分则展现了熙熙攘攘的河岸和中心桥，往来京城的船只穿梭着。城门处能看到进进出出的百姓。第三部分，同时也是最后一部分，描绘了城内的生活。我们能看到数以百计各行各业的人，肉贩、理发店、官差，都在忙着各自的营生。三部分综合起来，观者便可对当时汴京人的生活状况有一大致了解。 显然，张择端在整幅画中表现了他高超的艺术技巧。他施墨于绢，落笔之处，风景、建筑、人物，无不逼真传神，同时展现出透视法的精通。不过，此画最引人注目之处是其精准细腻的笔法。凭借高超的技艺，以及恢宏的画幅，画家刻画了海量的细节，哪怕端详几个小时，你还是会有新的发现。 多亏这些精准的细节，《清明上河图》全面展示了北宋时期的生活景象。它透露了12世纪中国在民俗、服饰、交通方式、商业活动，以及诸如庙宇、茶馆、政府设施等种类繁多的建筑方面的诸多细节。乍看上去，京城生活总体上安宁而欢愉。然而，有评论家指出，细心观察，这幅画其实揭露了严重的政治和社会问题。有些运粮船看上去不像官船，这意味着官府已失去了对粮食供应和运输的控制。画中有些官兵似乎疏于职守。此外还有一些不好的苗头，不太容易觉察。比如，画卷中部有一艘船眼看就要撞到桥上。种种细节都预示着某种危机正在京城中酝酿。事实上，当时的北宋王朝已经在走下坡路了。这幅画完成约20年后，北宋覆灭。 张择端这幅不朽之作是中国绘画史上现实主义的重要典范。它的价值不仅在于画幅宏大，艺术性高，注重细节，更在于其对日常生活的再现。其价值之高，以至后世有多位皇帝令当时最有才华的画家加以临摹。其中有些摹本现今自身亦被视为艺术珍品。张择端以这幅《清明上河图》对中国艺术做出了卓越贡献，也深刻影响后世一代又一代的艺术家。 尽管年代久远，此画原作仍然完好，但已极为脆弱。有鉴于此，它很少公开示人。上一次展出时，观众为了这个一睹名画真容的难得机遇，不惜排几个小时的队。甚至在几个世纪之后，公众对《清明上河图》仍热情不减，这足以证明这幅历史名画的魅力。 一、整体理解 Match the main idea with each paragraph. Para.1 A.Zhang Zeduan’s artistic technique in Qingming Scroll. Para.2 B.A comprehensive understanding of Qingming Scroll. Para.3 C.The background of Qingming Scroll. Para.4 D.The influence of Qingming Scroll. Para.5 E.The contents of Qingming Scroll. Para.6 F.The value of Qingming Scroll. 答案：　CEABFD 二、细节理解 Read the text carefully and choose the best answers. 1．How long is the Qingming Scroll? A．Five metres long. B．Four metres long. C．Fourteen metres long. D．Fifteen metres long. 2．What does the Qingming Scroll convey to viewers? A．How people lived in peace. B．How strong the Northern Song Dynasty was. C．How the government ruled the country. D．How people lived in Bianjing. 3．What may be the most impressive of the painting? A．Perspective. B．Zhang Zeduan’s precise brushwork. C．Its ambitious size. D．Its realistic images. 4．What do some critics think of the painting? A．It reflects the strength of the Northern Song Dynasty. B．It is a symbol of realism. C．It reveals political and social problems during the Northern Song Dynasty. D．It indicates that the Northern Song Dynasty was at its worst. 5．Why is it not often displayed to the public? A．Because it is easily damaged. B．Because it is not intact(完整的)now. C．Because people are not enthusiastic about it. D．Because the workers have to repair it often. 答案：　1－5：ADBCA 三、长难句分析 1．It is commonly believed that the city described in the painting is Bianjing(present­day Kaifeng)，the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. [分析]　本句为主从复合句。it作形式主语，that引导主语从句；动词­ed形式短语described in the painting作定语，修饰名词city。 [翻译]　人们通常认为，画中描绘的城市是汴京(今开封)，即北宋的都城。 2．Some boats carrying food do not seem to belong to the government，which suggests that the government has lost control of food supplies and transportation. [分析]　本句为主从复合句。动词­ing形式短语carrying food作定语，修饰名词boats；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句。 [翻译]　有些运粮船看上去不像官船，这意味着官府已失去了对粮食供应和运输的控制。 [核心单词] 1．sit in the shade 　　　　　　 坐在阴凉处 2．rebuild the temple 重建庙宇 3．the structure of the building 这座建筑物的结构 4．an outstanding lawyer 一位杰出的律师 5．a writer of insight 有洞察力的作家 6．return to civilian life 回归平民百姓的生活 7．300 soldiers 300名士兵 8．a financial crisis 金融危机 9．a sharp decline 急剧下降 [拓展单词] 1．bathe vt.以(光线)洒满，覆盖，使沐浴(在光线里)；用水清洗→bath n．洗澡；洗浴 2．arrange vt.&vi.整理，布置；安排，筹备→arrangement n．安排，筹划 3．apparent adj.显而易见，明白易懂，显然→apparently adv.据说；看来，似乎 4．precise adj.细致的，精细的；准确的，精准的；恰好的→precisely adv.准确地；恰好地；精确地；细心地，仔细地→precision n．精确；准确；细致 5．ambitious adj.宏大的，艰巨的；有野心的，有雄心的→ambition n．追求的目标；雄心，志向，抱负 6．comprehensive adj.全面的，详尽的；综合性的→comprehend vt.理解，领悟→comprehension n．理解(力) 7．critic n．批评家，评论家；批评者，挑剔的人→criticize vt.批评，指责→critical adj.批评的，批判性的，挑剔的；关键的，至关紧要的→criticism n．批评，批判；责备，指责 8．inspection n．检查，查看，审视；视察→inspect vt.检查；审视→inspector n．检查员，巡视员 9．expose vt.揭露，揭穿；暴露，显露；使遭受；使接触→exposure n．暴露 10．exhibition n．展览，展出→exhibit vt.展览；展出n.展览品，陈列品；(在法庭上出示的)证据 11．rare adj.稀少的，罕见的；稀罕的，珍贵的→rarely adv.很少，难得 [重点短语] 第一组　汉译英 1．各行各业，社会各界　　　　 all walks of life 2．多亏，幸亏 thanks to 3．第一眼，乍看之下 at first sight 4．属于 belong to 5．失去对……的控制 lose control of 6．处于……危险之中 in danger of 7．充分说明，清楚表明 speak volumes about 第二组　英译汉 8．go about sth　　　　　　 忙于做某事，继续做某事 9．business practice 商业惯例 10．crash into 撞上 11．be down to 由……引起(或造成) 12．in one’s own right 凭自身的资格(或努力) 13．in one piece 安然无恙的，完好无损的 [典型句式] 根据课文语境和汉语提示补全句子 1．It is＋动词­ed形式＋that从句 It is commonly believed that(人们通常认为) the city described in the painting is Bianjing(present­day Kaifeng)，the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. 2．动词­ing形式(短语)作状语 Using ink on silk(施墨于绢)，he creates realistic images of scenery，buildings and people，and displays a remarkable mastery of perspective. 3．完全倒装句 Also in the painting are soldiers(有些士兵) who appear to ignore their duties. v wind vi.& vt.(wound, wound) 蜿蜒，迂回；上发条；缠绕 (教材原句)The first section presents a peaceful scene of rural life near Bianjing，featuring crop fields，a river winding through the landscape，and farmers hard at work.第一部分展现了汴京近郊恬静的乡村生活，重点描绘了农田、蜿蜒而过的河流和辛勤劳作的农民。 (1)get wind of sth　 听到……的风声；获悉……的秘密消息 (2)wind down 摇下(车窗等)；逐渐减小(工作规模)； 使逐步停止，使逐渐关闭 (3)wind up 给(钟表等)上发条；完成；停止 ◎基础练透——写出下列句中wind的含义/单句语法填空 ①The weather was hot，without a breath of wind.风 ②He had forgotten to wind his watch.上发条 ③The stream winds through the valley and runs into the sea.蜿蜒，迂回 ④If they get wind of what we are doing，we’ll then be in a very passive position. ⑤I forgot to wind my watch up，so of course it stopped. ◎能力提升——微写作 ⑥He wound/winded down the car window and handed me a bag. 他摇下车窗递给我一个包。 expose vt.揭露，揭穿；暴露，显露；使遭受；使接触 (教材原句)However，some critics suggest that on closer inspection，the painting actually exposes serious political and social problems.然而，有评论家指出，细心观察，这幅画其实揭露了严重的政治和社会问题。 (1)expose...to...　　 将……暴露在……中；使……接触…… (2)exposed adj. 暴露的，无掩蔽的 be exposed to 暴露于，暴露在；使遭受……；接触，面临 (3)exposure n. 暴露；揭露 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①If you expose your skin to the sun too long，you will get sun­burnt. ②There are more than 740 million Chinese exposed (expose) to second­hand smoking in public places now. ③I always sit in the non­smoking section of restaurants to reduce my exposure (expose) to smoke. ④(2021·全国乙卷)They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background. ◎能力提升——微写作 ⑤We shouldn’t expose the children to computer games． 我们不应该让孩子们接触电脑游戏。 完全倒装句 (教材原句)Also in the painting are soldiers who appear to ignore their duties.画中有些官兵似乎疏于职守。 完全倒装是把整个谓语放到主语之前，完全倒装句的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能进行完全倒装。常使用完全倒装的情况： (1)为了保持句子平衡或上下文衔接紧密，表示地点的介词短语作表语或状语并置于句首时，句子进行完全倒装； (2)以副词here，there，out，in，up，down，away，then，now等开头，后面的动词是be，come，exist，fall，follow，go，lie，remain，seem，stand(表移动或状态的不及物动词)等时，句子进行完全倒装； (3)there引出完全倒装句，除了最常见的there be句型以外，there还可以接appear，exist，lie，remain，seem to be，stand等，一般都译成“有”的含义，句子进行完全倒装； (4)有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的动词­ing形式、动词­ed形式置于句首，句子进行完全倒装。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Here are (be) four common email accidents，and how to recover. ②At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River lies (lie) Chongqing，one of the ten largest cities in China. ◎能力提升——句式改写 ③Some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient are in this box. →In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient. ④The teacher’s sweet voice came into the complete silence of the waiting class. →Into the complete silence of the waiting class came the teacher’s sweet voice． ⑤My tips for you are here. →Here are my tips for you. decline n．衰退，衰落，减少，下降vi.& vt.减少，下降，衰退，衰落；谢绝 (教材原句)In fact，the Northern Song Dynasty was in decline by this stage.事实上，当时的北宋王朝已经在走下坡路了。 (1)in decline＝on the decline 处于下降/衰退中 (2)decline to do sth 谢绝/拒绝做某事 [名师点津]　表示“增加”或“减少”的幅度常用介词by，后面常跟百分数；表示“增加到”或“减少到”常用介词to，后面常跟具体数字。 ◎基础练透——写出下列句中decline的含义/单句语法填空 ①I offered to give them a lift but they declined.谢绝 ②An increase in cars has resulted in the decline of public transport.衰退，衰落 ③The officer declined to make (make) any comments on the incident. ④However，the economic growth rate of this country was on the decline last year. ◎能力提升——微写作 ⑤The price of electronic products has declined by 20 percent since last January. 自从去年一月份以来，电子产品的价格已经下降了20%。 rare adj.稀少的，罕见的；稀罕的，珍贵的 (教材原句)The last time it was on exhibition，crowds waited in line for hours for the rare chance to see the famous painting with their own eyes.上一次展出时，观众为了这个一睹名画真容的难得机遇，不惜排几个小时的队。 (1)a rare disease　　 　 罕见的疾病 a rare book/coin/stamp 珍贵的书/硬币/邮票 a rare animal/plant 珍稀动物/植物 (2) rarely adv. 很少，难得 [名师点津]　rarely为否定副词，置于句首时，其后要使用部分倒装。类似的词还有never，seldom，hardly等。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer (rare) than sunshine. ②Children used to hang out and play around in the old days，which is rarely (rare) seen in today’s society. ◎能力提升——句型转换 ③I rarely have more than eight hours’ sleep. →Rarely do I have more than eight hours’ sleep. speak volumes about 充分说明，清楚表明 (教材原句)The public’s continued enthusiasm about the Qingming Scroll，even after all these centuries，speaks volumes about the power of this historic piece of art.甚至在几个世纪之后，公众对《清明上河图》仍热情不减，这足以证明这幅历史名画的魅力。 (1)speak well/ill of sb 称赞(或贬损)某人；说某人的好话(或坏话) speak highly of 高度赞扬 (2)generally/broadly/roughly/relatively/strictly speaking 总的/一般/粗略/相对/严格地说 (3)be on speaking terms (with sb) (与某人)和好如初，和睦相处 (4)nothing to speak of 不值一提；不多 ◎基础练透——补全句子 ①You should not speak ill of others(说其他人的坏话)behind their backs. ②We speak highly of(高度赞扬)their work and extend our deep gratitude to them. ③Strictly speaking(严格地说)，she should pay for the additional costs. ④The disagreement between Linda and Tina was dead and buried and they were on speaking terms with each other(彼此和睦相处)again. ⑤He said that what he had done was nothing to speak of(不值一提). ◎能力提升——微写作 ⑥These facts speak volumes for her honesty． 这些事实充分说明她的诚实。 维度一　单词拼写 1．The soldier(士兵)thinks it a glorious thing for him to die for the benefit of our motherland. 2．The company is an outstanding(杰出的)example of a small business that grew into a big one. 3．The company is still in crisis(危机)but it has survived the worst period. 4．We import raw(未经加工的)materials and energy and export mainly industrial products. 5．Learning a foreign language can give me insight(领悟)into another culture. 维度二　单句语法填空 1．Nobody knows precisely (precise) how many species there are on the earth now. 2．Opportunities rarely (rare) ever come knocking on the door of someone who’s not seeking them. 3．Apparently (apparent) the girls are not at all amused by the joke. 4．Engineers carried out a thorough inspection (inspect) of the machines. 5．(2020·天津卷)We offered to give Sharon a ride home，but she declined (decline)，saying that she felt like walking. 维度三　完成句子 1．Standing under the tree are two girls． 树下站着两个女孩。 2．What you wear speaks volumes about your character. 你的衣着清晰表明你的性格。 3．We are exposed to an overwhelming number of chemical pollutants every day. 我们每天都会接触到数量惊人的化学污染物。 课时精练(十二)　Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [基础达标] 维度一　根据汉语提示或首字母填入单词的适当形式 1．His outstanding(杰出的)ability earned him a place on the team. 2．(2021·天津卷)What motivated the author to start her writing career(事业)? 3．We must raise the political(政治的)and social status of teachers. 4．The last emperor(皇帝)of the Ming Dynasty hanged himself from this tree. 5．It is reported that a civilian(平民)was killed in the bombing. 6．They continued to climb until they reached the old temple(寺院)at the top of the mountain. 7．These measures greatly changed the social and economic structure(结构)of the country. 8．The road winds(迂回)its way through the woods，with flowers on both sides. 9．Natural disasters have obviously contributed to the country’s economic crisis(危机). 10．Farmers grow a variety of crops in this area，including cabbages，wheat，corn and barley. 维度二　单句语法填空 1．Take care not to keep your children exposed (expose) to the bad books，net and magazines. 2．He’s a player who rarely (rare) seems to get the credit he deserves. 3．After a careful inspection (inspect)，the repairman said that the reason why my car broke down was that the pipe had been damaged. 4．Although he is very young，he is very ambitious (ambition) in his research work. 5．Apparently (apparent)，blindly following others’ advice will affect our own judgment. 6．The exhibition (exhibit) gives local artists an opportunity to display their work. 7．It is difficult to know precisely (precise) how much impact the changes will have. 8．All the products are labelled with comprehensive (comprehend) instructions. 9．As the economy was in decline，some people in the town had lost their jobs. 10．His success was down to being (be) in the right place at the right time. 维度三　完成句子 1．In front of the house is a big garden． 房子前面是一个大花园。 2．These overseas experts came from all walks of life in different countries. 这些海外专家来自不同国家的各行各业。 3．At last，he became a world­famous musician in his own right． 最终，他凭自身的努力成为了世界知名的音乐家。 4．His small gestures speak volumes about how much he cares about you. 他的小动作充分说明他有多在乎你。 5．It is commonly believed that music can help people relax themselves. 人们普遍认为音乐可以帮助人们放松自己。 维度四　课文语法填空 Qingming Scroll Zhang Zeduan’s Qingming Scroll is a representative work of realism in Chinese art.1.Painted(paint) on a five­metre­long silk scroll，the painting provides an important insight into life in China in the 12th century.The ancient scroll，2.which is currently kept in the Palace Museum in Beijing，gives the viewer an idea of what life was like for the people of Bianjing.It is possible that the most 3.impressive(impress) aspect of the painting is Zhang’s precise brushwork.The painting reveals a great deal about the 12th­century Chinese customs，clothing，transportation methods ，business practices and various 4.buildings (building).At first sight，the overall scene of life in the capital city seems peaceful and cheerful.However，some critics suggest that on closer 5.inspection (inspect)，the painting actually exposes serious political and social problems.Some boats 6.carrying (carry) food do not seem to belong to the government，which 7.suggests (suggest) that the government has lost control of food supplies and transportation. The details show that the crisis is developing in the city.As a matter of fact，the Northern Song Dynasty was on 8.the decline by this stage.About 20 years after the painting was completed，it 9.was overthrown (overthrow). With the Qingming Scroll，Zhang made an outstanding contribution 10.to Chinese art and greatly influenced generations of future artists. [素能提升] Ⅰ.阅读理解 (2021·吉林省高二上学期期中) George Washington Carver was born some time in the early­mid 1860s.A sickly child，Carver was unable to work in the fields，so he did gardening.He was left with many free hours to walk in the woods — beginning his career with nature.He soon became known as the “Plant Doctor” and would help friends and neighbors manage sick plants. In 1890，Carver began to study music and art at Simpson College.His artwork was on show at the 1893 World’s Fair.Painting gave him the chance to combine his two loves — art and nature.Yet it was his talents for gardening that took him in another direction in 1891.Carver became the first African­American to attend what is today Iowa State University.He proved to be a first­class student and upon graduation he became the school’s first African­American teacher. In 1896，he received an invitation from Tuskegee Normal and Industrial School in Tuskegee，Alabama.Upon arriving，he found that the school was short of money，so Dr.Carver had to equip his own lab.He and his students would search trash heaps(垃圾堆)for things to use.This proved that Dr.Carver was well ahead of his time. In 1916，he published a research report on peanuts，which helped many farmers turn to peanuts as a cash crop and saved the economy of the South when it was destroyed by the cotton insects attack.Carver continued his research with the peanut.He went on to find many uses for the peanut.But he didn’t invent peanut butter(花生酱). Dr.Carver’s research earned him much worldwide praise.Dr.George Washington Carver died on January 5，1943，and was buried at Tuskegee.Carver contributed his whole life savings to Tuskegee.Upon his death，Franklin D．Roosevelt gave him this title “an inspiring example to youth everywhere”． 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Carver从童年时期就接触园艺工作，长大后表现优异，靠自己的力量成立实验室，他对花生的研究成果拯救了南方的经济。 1．How was Carver’s childhood? A．He took up gardening. B．He grew crops in the fields. C．He enjoyed good health. D．He dreamed of being a doctor. A　[细节理解题。根据第一段中A sickly child，Carver was unable to work in the fields，so he did gardening.可知Carver童年干园艺活，故选A项。] 2．How was Carver’s performance during his education? A．Bad. B．Strange. C．Ordinary. D．Excellent. D　[推理判断题。根据第二段中Carver became the first African­American to attend what is today Iowa State University.He proved to be a first­class student and upon graduation he became the school’s first African­American teacher.可推断出，Carver在求学期间的表现优秀，故选D项。] 3．What do we know about Carver’s life in Tuskegee Normal and Industrial School? A．He was well paid by the school. B．He relied on himself to build his lab. C．He saved money by picking up trash. D．He published his findings ahead of time. B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中Upon arriving，he found that the school was short of money so Dr.Carver had to equip his own lab.可知，Carver在Tuskegee Normal and Industrial School时依靠自己建立了实验室，故选B项。] 4．What can be learned about Carver’s report on peanuts? A．It made a contribution to the economy. B．It included new findings on peanut butter. C．It prevented peanuts from insects attacking. D．It helped farmers find many other uses of peanuts. A　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中In 1916，he published a research report on peanuts，which helped many farmers turn to peanuts as a cash crop and saved the economy of the South when it was destroyed by the cotton insects attack.可知，Carver对花生的研究报告挽救了南方的经济，对经济发展做出了贡献，故选A项。] Ⅱ.完形填空 (2021·湖北省高一下学期期末) As a writer on an adventure sports magazine，I’d always resist doing the adventurous stuff myself.I preferred to observe others and 1 their experiences to readers.Thus，when I was challenged to 2 a mountain in aid of charity—and to write about it afterwards—I was 3 ． Then it was a 4 that I had a brilliant coach called Keith，who gave me knowledge about everything from building muscle groups to how to 5 tiredness.It quickly became obvious that the techniques of climbing were more 6 than I had imagined.Aware of the challenge，I forced myself to 7 a detailed action plan Keith made，working out 8 at the gym.My self­belief 9 alongside my muscle power，and I became confident about finishing the climb. All too soon I was on a plane to my destination.That day，when I looked up at the mountain，I thought of 10 it.But then I remembered all the 11 I’d made and how disappointed Keith would be if I gave up—not to mention the sense of 12 I’d experience myself.With a deep breath fear 13 courage，I headed into the sunshine to meet the rest of the group. And as I sit here now，tapping on my laptop，I’m amazed at all the details I can recall: the burning 14 and the tiredness.Could I have been better prepared? Possibly.Would I be back for another go? Thankfully not.The feeling of being excited when standing on top of the world is a 15 experience but one I will cherish forever. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者不喜欢冒险，但为了一项慈善事业而参与爬山，尽管爬山那天作者想要放弃，但最终还是爬上了山顶，这对作者来说是永远要珍惜的记忆。 1．A.expose B．expand C．prove D．narrate D　[根据上文“As a writer on an adventure sports magazine”可知，作者作为一名冒险体育杂志的撰稿人，喜欢把别人的经历写下来，叙述(narrate)给读者。] 2．A.promote B．preserve C．climb D．clean C　[因此，当我被要求攀登(climb)一座山来帮助慈善事业并在之后写下它时，我是不愿意的。下文“It quickly became obvious that the techniques of climbing were more than I had imagined”中的climbing是提示。] 3．A.inspired B．unwilling C．unaware D．attracted B　[作者不喜欢冒险，所以当被告知要去爬山，这个有点风险和危险的事的时候，作者是不愿意的(unwilling)。] 4．A.problem B．mystery C．trick D．blessing D　[幸运的是，我有一个优秀的教练Keith，他教给了我很多知识，从锻炼肌肉群到如何避免疲劳。本句中，it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语，再结合that从句的内容可知，有一个优秀的教练对作者来说是一件好事(blessing)。] 5．A.restore B．reject C．avoid D．ignore C　[根据句意以及常识可知，教练教作者爬山时如何避免(avoid)疲劳。] 6．A.interesting B．definite C．complex D．flexible C　[根据下文“Aware of the challenge”可知，作者发现攀岩技术比作者想象的要复杂(complex)得多。] 7．A.stick to B．turn to C．adapt to D．contribute to A　[根据上文可知，作者发现攀岩技术比作者想象的要复杂得多，为了应对这个爬山的挑战，作者坚持(stick to)教练制定的计划。] 8．A.occasionally B．gradually C．daily D．endlessly C　[由上文可知，作者认为攀岩很复杂，为了应对爬山这个挑战，坚持教练制定的计划。因此可推断出，作者每天(daily)都在健身房锻炼，才能尽可能快而熟练地掌握攀岩技巧。] 9．A.grew B．reduced C．changed D．crashed A　[由前文可知，作者刚开始是不愿意爬山的；根据空后I became confident about finishing the climb.可知，作者对自己爬山有信心了。由此可知，作者的自信随着自己的肌肉力量而增长(grow)。] 10．A.maintaining B．accomplishing C．braving D．quitting D　[下文“But then I remembered all the I’d made and how disappointed Keith would be if I gave up­not to mention the sense of I’d experience myself.”提到作者想到放弃后的结果，其中的gave up和quit是同义词。] 11．A.promises B．efforts C．decisions D．choices B　[但随后我想起了我所做的所有努力(efforts)以及如果我放弃了Keith会有多么失望——更不用说我自己将经历的失败感了。] 12．A.relief B．obligation C．satisfaction D．failure D　[根据语境和句意，作者坚持训练了这么久，如果放弃了爬山，肯定会有失败感。] 13．A.giving way to B．holding on to C．living up to D．going back to A　[根据上文可知，作者在想放弃爬山的事，但是想到自己的努力，教练的失望以及自己要经历的失败感，作者的恐惧让位于(give way to)勇气(即勇气取代了恐惧)，和其他人一起开始爬山。] 14．A.ears B．muscles C．anger D．confusion B　[现在，当我坐在这里，敲击着我的笔记本电脑时，我惊讶于我能回忆起的所有细节：燃烧的肌肉(muscles)和疲劳。] 15．A.never­to­be­repeated B．never­to­be­mentioned C．never­to­be­recalled D．never­to­be­forgotten A　[根据上文“Would I be back for another go? Thankfully not.”可知作者不会再爬一次山了，所以这次登上山顶的经历是不会被重复的(never­to­be­repeated)经历。] Ⅲ.语法填空 (2022·湖北省黄冈市高二上学期期末) The world’s largest iceberg could hit South Georgia Island，posing 1. high risk to the wildlife that calls it home. The iceberg，2. (name) A68a，is now approaching South Georgia Island.There’s a 3. (possible) that it could ground itself on the island.The normal food­seeking routes for seals and penguins could 4. (block). “When you are talking about penguins and seals during the period 5. is crucial to them — raising baby animals，the actual distance they have to travel to find food really 6. (matter)，” British Antarctic Survey (BAS) ecologist Professor Geraint Tarling said.“If they have to take a longer route，they’re not going to get back to their young in time to prevent them 7. (starve) to death.” The iceberg is now about 300 8. (mile) away from the island.Because A68a only extends around 656 feet below the waterline，it could advance quite far before getting stuck.If that happens，the iceberg could be stuck for up to 10 years，increasing its impact 9. wildlife. However，it is very difficult to say precisely what will happen.If the iceberg does stay in the ocean，it could 10. (actual) help local wildlife.The dust it carries would benefit plankton，which supports the entire food web. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界最大的冰山有可能撞上南乔治亚岛，对那里的生物造成一定的影响。 1．解析：　a　考查冠词。空后risk为可数名词单数，故本空应用不定冠词a表示泛指。 2．解析：　named　考查非谓语动词。本空在句中作定语，动词name(命名，给……取名)和被修饰名词The iceberg之间是被动关系，应用动词­ed形式。 3．解析：　possibility　考查词性转换。本空在句中作主语，根据空前冠词a可知，本空应用名词形式。 4．解析：　be blocked　考查动词的语态。动词block与主语routes之间为被动关系，故本空应用被动语态be blocked。 5．解析：　that/which　考查定语从句。本空引导定语从句，修饰名词the period，本空在从句中作主语，指物，故本空应用关系代词that或which。 6．解析：　matters　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据前后句可知，本句应用一般现在时，且句子主语the actual distance是不可数名词，故谓语动词应用单数形式matters。 7．解析：　starving　考查非谓语动词。prevent sb (from) doing sth意为“防止某人做某事”，故本空应用动词­ing形式starving。 8．解析：　miles　考查名词的单复数。根据空前数词300可知，本空应用名词复数形式。 9．解析：　on/upon　考查介词。impact on/upon意为“对……的影响”，故本空应用介词on/upon。 10．解析：　actually　考查词性转换。本空修饰动词help，故应用副词actually。 单元检测卷(三)　UNIT 3　The art of painting (时间：120分钟　满分：150分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) 第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一个小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．Who is the oldest? A．Ted.　　　　　　　 B．Sam. C．The woman. 2．What does the woman want the man to do? A．To listen to the radio. B．To borrow another book. C．To finish reading the book. 3．Why didn’t the man see the woman? A．She went to Beijing. B．She read at home every day. C．She was busy with her writing. 4．Who is the woman most probably speaking to? A．A chef. B．A waiter. C．A friend. 5．What does the man think of watching TV? A．Useless. B．Interesting. C．Helpful. 第二节　(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6．How many languages can the man speak now? A．2.　　　 B．3.　　　 C．4. 7．What will the woman do? A．Find work. B．Learn French. C．Teach the man French. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8．Why does the woman call the man? A．To tell about an interview. B．To change an appointment. C．To ask about an appointment. 9．When will the speakers meet? A．This afternoon. B．Tomorrow afternoon. C．The day after tomorrow. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10．What did the man and the woman use to be? A．Schoolmates. B．Friends. C．Classmates. 11．How long did the woman stay in China? A．For four years. B．For five years. C．For six years. 12．Why did the woman return to New York City? A．To find better work. B．To attend university. C．To stay with her family. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 13．What makes the woman upset? A．Something her teacher said. B．Fighting with a classmate. C．Doing badly in an exam. 14．What did the woman do last night? A．She watched TV. B．She studied hard. C．She walked outdoors. 15．Why does the man ask the woman to take out books? A．He wants to study. B．He wants to help her study. C．He wants to borrow books. 16．Where are most probably the speakers? A．In the classroom. B．On the street. C．At home. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17．What does the woman’s father like doing? A．Cooking. B．Exercising. C．Watching sports games. 18．How often does the woman’s father usually eat his favorite meat? A．Twice a week. B．Every day. C．Three to four times a week. 19．What does the woman think of vegetables? A．Important. B．Not delicious. C．Cheap. 20．What do they have in common? A．They all like eating apples. B．They all pay attention to health. C．They all dislike eating ice cream. 1－5　BCCBA　　　6－10　BCBBA 11－15　BCCAB 16－20　CBCAC 听力材料 第一节　听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一个小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 (Text 1) W：Ted，are you older than me? M：I think so.I’m already sixteen while you’re only fifteen. W：We are both younger than Sam.He’s already seventeen. (Text 2) W：Have you finished reading this book? M：Not yet.I listened to the radio this morning and read nothing. W：I need this book tonight.Could you finish it this afternoon? (Text 3) M：Hi，Lisa.Long time no see.You must have traveled to Beijing. W：No.I changed my plan and stayed at home writing my book every day. M：No wonder I didn’t see you. (Text 4) M：Anything else，madam? W：Yes.I also want a lettuce salad.When do you think it’ll be ready? M：Food will be served in about ten minutes. W：OK. (Text 5) W：Do you like sports，David? M：Yes.I play basketball twice a week.What about you? W：I don’t love sports.I spend most of my free time watching TV. M：What a waste of time! 第二节　听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 (Text 6) W：Sam，I heard you’re going to learn French. M：Yes.I really want to learn this language well. W：You’re already good at English，Italian and German.Why do you still want to learn one more language? M：Well，the more languages I speak，the easier it’ll be for me to find work. W：I guess you’re right. M：So do you speak any foreign language? W：Yes.I can speak French.I can teach you French if you like. M：That’d be great! 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 (Text 7) W：Hi，Professor Wang.It’s Emma speaking.I’m glad you’re there. M：Hi，Emma.What’s up? W：It’s about our appointment.I’m afraid I can’t go to your office this afternoon. M：Are you going to do anything very important? W：Yes.I just remembered I have to go to a job interview this afternoon.I really want to get the job，so I don’t want to miss it. M：That’s OK.But we need to find another date. W：What about tomorrow morning? M：I have to give a lecture tomorrow morning.Can you make it after 3：00 tomorrow afternoon? W：Yes，I can.So I’ll go to your office around 3：00 tomorrow afternoon. M：OK.See you then.Bye. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 (Text 8) M：Do you mind if I sit here? W：Of course not.Take your seat，please.Wait a minute.I think I’ve seen you before.Do we know each other? M：Oh，yes.Now I remember.We attended the same high school.We were both in the music club.You were really good at singing.Do you still sing? W：Yes.But not as often as before.Now I’m often busy with my work.So where did you go after high school? M：I went to university in Chicago.What about you? W：I went to study in China.I studied there for four years. M：So can you speak Chinese? W：Yes.Now I can speak Chinese very well.I often traveled around the country during the summer and winter vacations.I could not only see around the country，but also practice my spoken Chinese with others. M：Did you find work in China after you finished your studies there? W：Yes.I worked there for one year before I returned to New York City. M：Why did you return? W：I missed my family. 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。 (Text 9) M：How was school today，Jane? W：It couldn’t be worse.I hate school. M：What happened？Did you fight with your classmates？Did your teacher say anything embarrassing about you? W：No.I did badly in the English exam.I don’t think I’ll pass it. M：You should have prepared well for it.You watched TV for at least two hours last night.Didn’t you know you had an exam today? W：I knew.I just didn’t want to study last night.I thought it’d help me more if I took a break the night before the exam. M：Some people can really do better if they take a break before an exam.But such people have prepared well for the exam.You’re different because you don’t study hard at all. W：I got your point.I’ll study harder.Could you promise not to tell Mom anything about the exam？I don’t want her to be angry. M：OK.But do you have any upcoming exams? W：Yes.I’ll take a physics exam tomorrow.And I haven’t prepared for it，either. M：Take out your books and I’ll help you prepare. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 (Text 10) W：Different people love different food. In my family，though all of us love meat，we love different kinds of meat.My father，who loves doing sports and working out in the gym，loves eating beef very much.He eats beef every other day.My mother，who pays great attention to health，considers fish healthy and mostly eats fish.My brother loves pork best，while my favorite meat is chicken. In order to stay healthy，eating vegetables is also very important.All of my family members have our favorite vegetables.My father loves different kinds of boiled beans.My mother loves tomatoes best.My brother’s favorite vegetable is carrots，while I love red onions best. We also eat a lot of fruit.My father loves apples best，while my mother loves peaches most.My brother considers grapes the best fruit，while I love eating oranges best. Although we have so many differences，we do have something in common.None of us like eating ice cream. 第二部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A (2021·四川省乐山市高一下学期期末) Fine art fairs(艺术博览会)are the trend of the 21st century，with new art and antique (古玩)fairs and festivals springing up in diverse parts of the world.Here is a list of four noteworthy art fairs. Art Basel，Basel，Switzerland The granddaddy of art fairs，Art Basel，was established in 1970 by a group of local art gallerists and is the biggest contemporary art fair in the world.Art Basel takes place over a 5­day period each June in Basel，Switzerland.The high cost of renting space for gallery owners is offset (抵消)by the huge attendance at the fair.For example in 2010，about 60，000 visitors attended Art Basel. Frieze Art Fair, London Frieze Art Fair was established in 2003 and is one of the few fairs to focus only on contemporary art and living artists.The fair takes place every October in Regent’s Park，London.It features over 170 of the most exciting contemporary art galleries in the world. In addition to the fair which began in 2003，the fair owners Matthew Slotover and Amanda Sharp publish Frieze，an international art magazine established in 1991 and devoted to contemporary art. TEFAF Maastricht, the Netherlands Established in 1975 as The Pictura Fine Art Fair，and renamed The European Fine Art Foundation (TEFAF) ，Maastricht in 1996，the fair includes 260 of the world’s most famous art and antique dealers from 16 countries. The 24th edition of the TEFAF fair held March 18—27，2011 featured 260 dealers exhibiting approximately 30，000 artworks and antiques with an overall value of $ US 1.4 billion. ARCO, Madrid ARCO Madrid was established in 1982 and is one of Europe’s leading and popular art fairs.In addition to the exhibiting galleries (in 2011，197 international art galleries participated)，a series of lectures and specially focused exhibitions take place. 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个值得关注的艺术博览会。 21．How does Art Basel cover the expense of renting space? A．By selling tickets. B．By selling expensive exhibits. C．By donation from dealers. D．By support from the government. A　[细节理解题。根“Art Basel, Basel, Switzerland部分中“The high cost of renting space for gallery owners is offset(抵消)by the huge attendance at the fair.”可知，巴塞尔艺术展通过售票来支付租用场地的费用，故选A项。] 22．The owners of Frieze Art Fair are also in charge of ． A．170 living artists B．an international art magazine C．30，000 artworks and antiques D．a series of lectures B　[细节理解题。根据Frieze Art Fair, London部分中“In addition to the fair which began in 2003，the fair owners Matthew Slotover and Amanda Sharp publish Frieze，an international art magazine established in 1991 and devoted to contemporary art.”可知，Frieze Art Fair的所有者也负责一本国际艺术杂志，故选B项。] 23．Which of the following has the longest history? A．Art Basel. B．Frieze Art Fair. C．TEFAF. D．ARCO. A　[细节理解题。根据Art Basel, Basel, Switzerland部分中“The granddaddy of art fairs，Art Basel，was established in 1970 by a group of local art gallerists and is the biggest contemporary art fair in the world.”；Frieze Art Fair, London部分中“Frieze Art Fair was established in 2003 and is one of the few fairs to focus only on contemporary art and living artists.”TEFAF Maastricht, the Netherlands部分中“Established in 1975 as The Pictura Fine Art Fair，and renamed The European Fine Art Foundation (TEFAF)，Maastricht in 1996，the fair includes 260 of the world’s most famous art and antique dealers from 16 countries.”和ARCO, Madrid部分中“ARCO Madrid was established in 1982 and is one of Europe’s leading and popular art fairs.”可知，Art Basel的历史最长，故选A。] B (2021·山东省德州市高一下学期期末) You don’t generally expect to put yourself in the public eye when you go on vacation.However，when a British couple，Jessica and Edward，flew to Crete，they found themselves attracting a lot of attention after coming across a large sum of money in the street. At first，their Crete vacation hadn’t been anything outside of the norm.However，it was as they were exploring the souvenir shops that everything changed.The couple were just walking down the street when Jessica suddenly kicked something lying on the ground.It looked a bit like a make­up bag and so they assumed that someone had lost it. Without hesitation，Jessica picked up the bag and opened it.She was shocked to see a lot of money in it—a total of 7，100 Euros.There was probably a lot they could do with all that money.However，the couple didn’t have it in them to steal what belonged to someone else.Going to the police was the first thought that came to mind when Jessica saw the money.She didn’t consider that there was any other choice，so the couple handed over the money to the local police. The police found the owner，an elderly woman，and informed the couple that the woman wanted to meet them.When they eventually met at the police station，the woman was so overcome with emotion that she wouldn’t stop hugging and blessing them，although they insisted they were just doing the right thing. News of what the couple had done quickly made its way around the island.The locals wanted to show them their gratitude.This included receiving free taxi rides and even an offer to have their hotel room upgraded.The couple appreciated the kindness，but it was all getting to be a bit too much.They just wanted to have a normal vacation. They are probably hoping that they fly a little more under the radar during their next vacation.There’s only so much attention that these two lovebirds can handle. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要通过讲述了一对夫妻拾金不昧的善举得到了回报的故事告诉我们好人有好报的道理。 24．What is the first reaction of the couple after finding the money? A．They decided to do all with that money. B．They bought something in souvenir shops. C．They turned it over to the local police station. D．They tried to look for the owner by themselves. C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“Going to the police was the first thought that came to mind when Jessica saw the money.”可知，夫妻找到钱后的第一反应是把它交给了当地警察局，故选C项。] 25．Which of the following can best describe the locals in Crete? A．Polite and hard­working. B．Kind and grateful. C．Sociable and honest. D．Rich and determined. B　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The locals wanted to show them their gratitude....but it was all getting to be a bit too much.”可推断出，克里特岛的当地人很善良和且有感恩之心，故选B项。] 26．Why do the couple hope to “fly a little more under the radar” in the last paragraph? A．They want to take fewer flights. B．They can’t handle more radars. C．They hope to gain less attention. D．They don’t have more money. C　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中“They are probably hoping that they fly a little more under the radar during their next vacation.There’s only so much attention that these two lovebirds can handle.”可知，这对夫妇希望“更低调一些”是因为他们希望获得较少的关注，故选C项。] 27．What can we learn from the text? A．Good things come to kind people. B．The early bird catches the worm. C．Behind bad luck comes good luck. D．Money is too much for strangers. A　[推理判断题。本文讲述了一对夫妇度假时捡到一笔钱，他们将它交给警察，后来善事传到整个岛，岛上的人对他们很感激，并做了很多回报他们。因此这个故事告诉我们：善有善报，故选A项。] C (2021·吉林省汪清县高一下学期期中) Halloween is a great time in the lives of both children and adults.However，even the best Halloween can be ruined by trees filled with toilet paper and egg residues(残渣)that won’t wash off.How can you keep your home safe on Halloween？There are some measures you can take. Make it known that you’re at home.Pranksters are less likely to play a trick if they know someone is at home.You may want to close the glass on your screen door and open your front door so that you can see everyone moving around outside.This also allows pranksters to see that you’re at home. Turn on the lights inside your home and outside.Having all the lights on lets pranksters know that you’re not only at home，but you’re awake.If a prankster knows you’re awake，he’ll be more likely to skip your house and head for another one.Even if you need to get in bed early，keep all the lights on except in your bedroom.Pranksters aren’t going to know which room is your bedroom. Ask the police to patrol(巡逻)the area.It’s a policeman’s job to keep citizens safe，especially on Halloween.In some cities the crime rate can increase fast on October 31.A polite call to your local police station should get you the service you need.Above all，no pranksters are going to throw eggs at your house when the policemen are patrolling the area. Set up a neighborhood watch.One of the best ways to keep your home safe on Halloween is to get the neighbors involved.No one wants his trees covered with toilet paper.Ask your neighbors to keep their eyes open and to follow the same steps you’ve taken to help keep your home safe.If the entire neighborhood is lit up，pranksters are less likely to stop by. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何确保我们的住所在万圣节前夕避免受到一些爱搞恶作剧的人的破坏。 28．The underlined word “Pranksters” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Persons who like Halloween very much. B．Persons who play practical jokes on people. C．Persons who often commit a crime at night. D．Persons who enter one’s house by force. B　[词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句中的to play a trick(开玩笑，捉弄)可猜测，划线词pranksters指那些搞恶作剧的人，故选B项。] 29．How can you make pranksters know you are at home and skip(快速溜走) your house? A．By moving around outside your house. B．By closing your front door. C．By turning on inside and outside lights. D．By staying up and being awake. C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“Having all the lights on lets pranksters know...he’ll be more likely to skip your house and head for another one.”可知，把室内、室外的灯打开可让恶作剧的人知道你在家，从而避免他们破坏你的房子，故选C项。] 30．What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A．A policeman’s main task is to patrol the area. B．The crime rate increases fast in some cities. C．You have to pay for a policeman to patrol your area. D．The policemen can help a lot with your home safety on Halloween. D　[细节理解题。根据第四段中“Ask the police to patrol the area.It’s a policeman’s job to keep citizens safe，especially on Halloween.”及“Above all，no pranksters are going to throw eggs at your house when the policemen are patrolling the area.”可知，在万圣节，警察可以帮助你家里的安全，故选D项。] 31．What does the last paragraph stress? A．The importance of neighborhood teamwork. B．The importance of keeping homes safe. C．The importance of being on one’s guard. D．The importance of informing everyone of the danger. A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Set up a neighborhood watch.”和本段内容可知，本段主要介绍了整个社区可以协作起来以保证住房安全。由此可以推断出，最后一段强调邻里合作的重要性，故选A项。] D (2021·安徽省亳州市高一下学期期末) The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful，or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，uneasiness，or worry.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people，just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.Therefore，when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops，what may be implied is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures，silence is a call for reflection. Other cultures may use silence in other ways，particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.For example，Russian，French，and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion.However，Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.In still another use，persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect，particularly to an elder or a person in authority. Nurses and other care­givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。 32．What does the author say about silence in conversations? A．It implies anger. B．It promotes friendship. C．It is culture­specific. D．It is content­based. C　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.”及“Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups...view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.”可知，作者认为谈话中的沉默是有文化特性的，故选C项。] 33．Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought? A．The Chinese. B．The French. C．The Mexicans. D．The Russians. A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Many Native Americans value silence and feel ...is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.”可知，印第安人、中国人和泰国人认为谈话时人们沉默是为了让别人思考，故选A项。] 34．What does the author advise nurses to do about silence? A．Let it continue as the patient pleases. B．Break it while treating patients. C．Evaluate its harm to patients. D．Make use of its healing effects. D　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中“A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.”可推断出，作者建议护士要用沉默来治疗病人，故选D项。] 35．What may be the best title for the text? A．Sound and Silence B．What It Means to Be Silent C．Silence to Native Americans D．Speech Is Silver；Silence Is Gold B　[标题归纳题。根据第一段中“The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.”(沉默的含义因文化群体而异。)可知，本文介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义。故最佳标题为B项(沉默意味着什么)。] 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 (2021·山东省日照市高一下学期期末) After you go to college，you’ll find you have to buy a lot of textbooks. 36 If you want to make ends meet and successfully make it through college，you have to find ways to save on college textbooks.Here are some of the tips that would help you cut back and manage your book expense. 37 The first thing you want to do when you need a specific book is to go to the bookstore.But the most effective way to save money on college books is to stay away from the bookstore.While it is more convenient to purchase textbooks in the bookstore，it could cost you a lot of money. 38 You can save a lot of money when you purchase your books online.You can buy college textbooks from Amazon，Half.com，CENGAGE Learning，Barnes & Noble and other websites.If you want to save money on college books，it is best to check BigWords.com.This website will help you find promotions，discounts and other deals. Rent your college textbooks.If you feel you are not going to use the book after the end of the semester，it is best to rent it instead. 39 You can check campusbookrentals.com，bookbyete.com，bookrenter.com，chegg.com and ecampus.com.This can save you a lot of money on textbooks. Check your university library.If you do not need the book all the time，it is best to do your research in the university library instead. 40 In this way，you can ensure the book is available when you need it.You can also use the interlibrary loan system. A．Buy your books online. B．Do not go to the bookstore. C．You can rent books from other students. D．Buy books from second­hand bookstores. E．College textbooks can be very expensive. F．Many websites and booksellers rent books. G．You’d better order the book you need ahead of time. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了大学生可以采取的节省大学课本费用的方法。 36．E　[根据前文“After you go to college，you’ll find you have to buy a lot of textbooks.”及后文“If you want to make ends meet and successfully make it through college，you have to find ways to save on college textbooks.”可知，E项(大学课本可能很贵。)承接上文，引出了下文针对大学课本很贵的现状提出了一些解决办法。] 37．B　[根据后文“The first thing you want to do when you need a specific book is to go to the bookstore.But the most effective way to save money on college books is to stay away from the bookstore.”可知，B项(不要去书店。)符合文意，说明书店的书很贵。] 38．A　[根据后文“You can save a lot of money when you purchase your books online.”可知，A项(在网上买书。)符合文意，引出下文在网上买书省钱的事。] 39．F　[根据前文“Rent your college textbooks.If you feel you are not going to use the book after the end of the semester，it is best to rent it instead.”及后文“You can check campusbookrentals.com，bookbyete.com，bookrenter.com，chegg.com and ecampus.com.”可知，F项(许多网站和书商都提供租书服务。)符合上下文文意，引出下文列出了很多网站的名字。] 40．G　[根据前文“ If you do not need the book all the time，it is best to do your research in the university library instead.”及后文“In this way，you can ensure the book is available when you need it.”可知，G项(你最好提前预订你需要的书。)符合上下文文意，下文中this way指的是G项order the book you need ahead of time的做法。] 第三部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 (2021·山东省德州市高一下学期期末) When I was a young boy I was living in a poor neighborhood as a foster(代养的)child.I would often 41 to help clean a yard or wash some walls 42 some pocket money just to buy some clothes or candy. Once I knocked on the door of an elderly woman and asked if she needed her yard cleaned.She asked why I was not in school and I 43 her my torn trousers and 44 shoes.And when I finished the work，she gave me some 45 ．She said，“I want you to buy some trousers and new shoes and 46 school.I also want you to come back and 47 me with your report card and I will 48 you when I see you have worked hard and have some good marks.” I returned several times to see the woman and she did just as she 49 ．She looked at my report card and gave me a handful of dollars and a sandwich every time I 50 showed her I had an “A” or “B”．And over the next years she continued to be this 51 influence in my life but I 52 knew her name. Later，I moved from that neighborhood into a different home.I will of course never 53 the huge difference this wonderful 54 made over my life with her 55 ；this is something I hope to do myself in this lifetime over and over again. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在一个陌生老太太的启发下变得越来越好的故事。 41．A.happen　　　　　　　 B．offer C．apply D．agree B　[根据下文“Once I knocked on the door of an elderly woman and asked if she needed her yard cleaned.”可知，他是主动提出(offer)干活的。offer to do sth意为“主动提出做某事”。] 42．A.in charge of B．in place of C．in exchange for D．in preparation for C　[根据下文“And when I finished the work，she gave me some money.”可知，通过工作来交换(in exchange for)钱财。] 43．A.selected B．showed C．carried D．left B　[根据“She asked why I was not in school”可知，老人询问原因，把自己的贫穷展示(show)给老人看。] 44．A.special B．strong C．worn­out D．clean­washed C　[根据上文“I was living in a poor neighborhood”可知，作者是个穷孩子，因此穿的是破旧的(worn­out)衣物和鞋子。] 45．A.food B．money C．clothes D．trousers B　[根据下文“I want you to buy some trousers and new shoes and school.”可知，老人给的是钱(money)。] 46．A.return to B．leave for C．adapt to D．look for A　[根据下文“when I see you have worked hard and have some good marks”可知，她想让作者回到(return to)学校。] 47．A.challenge B．impress C．visit D．treat C　[根据句中的“come back”可知，是想让作者回来看望(visit)她。] 48．A.reward B．comfort C．thank D．repay A　[根据下文的“gave me a handful of dollars and a sandwich”可知，老人给的是奖励(reward)。] 49．A.hoped B．recorded C．waited D．promised D　[根据下文“gave me a handful of dollars and a sandwich every time I showed her I had an ‘A’ or ‘B’．”可知，老人信守承诺(promise)。] 50．A.proudly B．carefully C．anxiously D．nervously A　[根据“showed her I had an ‘A’ or ‘B’．”可知，得了“A”或“B”应该很自豪(proudly)。] 51．A.typical B．positive C．extra D．common B　[因为老人的做法使作者变得更好，因此对作者产生了积极的(positive)影响。] 52．A.still B．even C．also D．never D　[根据转折词but可知，作者从来不(never)知道老人的名字。] 53．A.forget B．believe C．receive D．compare A　[根据下文“this is something I hope to do myself in this lifetime over and over again”可知，作者是不会忘记的(forget)。] 54．A.guest B．partner C．stranger D．relative C　[根据上文“but I knew her name.”可知，作者不知道她的姓名，她只是个陌生人(stranger)。] 55．A.dream B．trust C．principle D．inspiration D　[根据“this is something I hope to do myself in this lifetime over and over again”可知，是老人的启发(inspiration)使得作者变得更好。] 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2022·浙江省杭州市高二上学期期末) Bees are disappearing.But does it 56. (real) matter if bees disappear? Are they so important to our environment? The short answer is，yes，it does matter and yes，they are important.Bees fly around from flower to flower，looking 57. pollen(花粉).They use these to produce honey，58. is food for their colonies.But at 59. same time，the bees help to move pollen from one flower to another.This process 60. (call) pollination(授粉).Pollination means that the flowers can create seeds and new flowers.Without bees，many flowers can’t make seeds or fruit.In fact，bees take 61. (responsible) for the pollination of one third of all the plants that we eat.A single hive(蜂箱)with 50，000 honeybees can pollinate 500，000 plants in one day! Imagine 62. (live) in a world with no apples，carrots，onions，strawberries or，of course，honey.That’s a world with no bees. So，why are the bees disappearing? Scientists think that there 63. (be) several possible reasons，including climate change，disease and pesticides.But it’s not all bad news.Primary schools，businesses，universities and community centres are now setting up 64. (they) own hives.They enjoy the delicious honey and they know that they are helping to look after some of the most important 65. (insect) on the planet. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蜜蜂的重要性和蜜蜂消失的原因。 56．解析：　really　考查词性转换。本空修饰动词matter，故应用副词作状语。 57．解析：　for　考查介词。look for意为“寻找”，故本空应用介词for。 58．解析：　which　考查定语从句。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词honey，本空在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词which引导。 59．解析：　the　考查冠词。at the same time意为“同时”，故本空应用定冠词the。 60．解析：　is called　考查动词的时态和语态。本句介绍的是客观事实，故应用一般现在时，且句子主语process和动词call之间为被动关系，故本空应用一般现在时的被动语态。 61．解析：　responsibility　考查词性转换。本空作动词take的宾语，故应用名词形式。take responsibility for意为“为……负责”。 62．解析：　living　考查非谓语动词。imagine doing sth意为“想象做某事”，故本空应用动词­ing形式作宾语。 63．解析：　are　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句介绍的是客观事实，故应用一般现在时，且句子主语reasons为复数，故本空应用are。 64．解析：　their　考查代词。本空修饰名词hives，故应用形容词性物主代词。 65．解析：　insects　考查名词的单复数。根据空前some可知，本空应用复数形式。 第四部分　写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) (2021·山东省枣庄市第八中学高一下学期期中) 假定你是李华。你市展览馆正在举办主题为“我和我的祖国”的书法(calligraphy)绘画展。请给交换生Jerry用英语写一封邮件，约他一起去参观该展览，内容包括： 1．参观目的； 2．参观内容； 3．约定时间。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Jerry， Looking forward to meeting you! Yours sincerely， Li Hua [参考范文] Dear Jerry， I’m writing to invite you to visit a calligraphy and painting exhibition being held in the exhibition center in our city.It’s a great opportunity to know more about Chinese culture. The show centers around “My people，My country” and displays lots of classic paintings about diligent Chinese people and their happy lives，from which you can also learn about the big changes and rapid advances of the country.I’m sure you will be interested in them. I wonder if you will be available this Saturday.If not，please let me know what time you are free. Looking forward to meeting you! Yours sincerely， Li Hua 第二节(满分25分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2021·辽宁省辽阳市高二上学期期末) When I was young，I lived in a small village in Melaka.We lived in a house in a row of shop houses.The spirit of neighborliness was very strong then.We needn’t lock the doors of our houses by day or night.The village had a variety of trades to serve the needs of the villagers.There was barber，tailor，coffee shop owner，grocer，baker，electrician，plumber，and so on.All of us were quite poor by today’s standards but we got by.However，one family that could be considered to live a marginal(边界的)existence was the Lim family living in the bicycle shop opposite our house. Mr Lim，the bicycle mechanic，had quite a few children—twelve to be exact.The joke among the neighbors was that he was aiming to form a football team among his children.However，seriously speaking，it was no joke for him trying to feed his growing children daily. My mother was a kind­hearted woman.Often，she would remark that his children were dressed in ragged(破旧的)clothes and looked malnourished(营养不良的).My family was relatively rich in the village and my father was the headman.My mother would bring over whatever food we could spare to our neighbors.On occasions when there was leftover food from village weddings or festivals，my father would ask me to take the food to Mr Lim.I did not mind visiting Lim’s bicycle shop as I had an interest in bicycles. I shared a room with my brothers overlooking the bicycle shop.I was interested in the repair of bicycles and would often stare out of the window to see Mr Lim work.As time went on，I noticed Mr Lim become more and more cheerful.The number of customers at his shop had increased steadily.He sold many shiny new bicycles. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Paragraph 1： Soon，Mr Lim’s business became better and better with the help of his eldest son. Paragraph 2： It was at that time that my father’s business took a turn for the worse. [参考范文] Paragraph 1： Soon，Mr Lim’s business became better and better with the help of his eldest son.He often helped his father with his work.This boy was very good with his hands.He proved very popular with his customers.It was he who expanded his father’s business after he dropped out of school when his father needed his help in their growing bicycle business.He started a motorcycle repairing service to add on to his father’s trade.Business at Mr Lim’s shop took off like a rocket and they soon lived a good life. Paragraph 2： It was at that time that my father’s business took a turn for the worse.One day，his senior assistant ran away with a large number of the shop’s earnings，which led to my father’s being in debt.My father then unwillingly sold our family car to pay off the increasing bills.They say that one good deed deserves another.Mr Lim came to learn of our situation and stepped in to help.He stated emotionally that it was his turn to repay the kindness that my father had shown to him in the past.With his generous help，my father’s business gradually returned to normal. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$