UNIT 1 Section Ⅱ GRAMMAR-【金版新学案】2023-2024学年新教材高二英语选择性必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅱ　GRAMMAR 　 UNIT 1　RELATIONSHIPS 语 法 探 究 课 时 精 练 内 容 索 引 语　法　探　究 索引 新知导学 过去完成时 教材示例 分析下列加黑部分，并体会它们的语法功能 1．Before Mr Jenkins taught me, science had simply been a subject full of strange words to me. 2．I had heard stories about his bad behaviour. 3．He was very bright and he had done very well in science subjects. 4．I knew I had chosen a job with a lot of stress but I love what I do. 我的发现 1．过去完成时由“___________________”构成。 2．过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作______已经完成或结束，即发生在“____________”。 had＋动词-ed形式 之前 过去的过去 语法精讲 知识点一　过去完成时的构成和主要用法 1．构成： 肯定句：主语＋had＋动词-ed形式 否定句：主语＋had＋not＋动词-ed形式 一般疑问句：Had＋主语＋动词-ed形式 特殊疑问句：疑问词＋had＋主语＋动词-ed形式 被动语态：主语＋had＋been＋动词-ed形式 She said she had been to Pairs before. 她说她以前去过巴黎。 The country had not yet recovered from the effects of the war by then. 到那时这个国家尚未从战争的影响下复原。 Had you ever visited the Great Wall before the middle school? 在上高中前你参观过长城吗？ Why had the film become a memory of generation? 为什么这部电影成为一代记忆？ My homework had been finished when my father came back home last night. 昨天晚上当我的父亲回到家时，我的家庭作业已经完成了。 2．主要用法 (1)表示在过去某个时间或动作之前就已经发生的动作，通常简称为“过去的过去”。句中常有by、 by the end of、by the time等介词(短语)和 before、 when、 until等引导的状语从句，也可以通过一个表示过去的动作或上下文来表示。 They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 上星期三以前他们已经种了六百棵树。 By the end of last month，the new building had been completed ahead of time. 到上个月底，新大楼已经提前完工了。 (2)表示发生在过去某个动作或时刻之前的动作一直延续到过去的另一个时间，常与for、since等词连用。 I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 我在车站等了20分钟才来了辆公交车。 (3)表示未曾实现的愿望或打算。 表示“意愿、打算”的动词如hope、 mean、 want、 think、 expect、 plan、 intend等的过去完成时表示“原本……(但事实上并没有……)”之意。 The Greens had intended to pay a visit to Xi'an but something unexpected came up. 格林一家本来打算去西安参观，但发生了意想不到的事情。 Making new friends with workmates was not so easy as he had expected. 和同事交朋友并不像他想象的那么容易。 巧学活用1——用所给动词的适当形式填空 ①My elder sister _____________(work) in the company for ten years before she changed her job. ②I ______________(think) we were going to win，but to my disappointment，we were defeated by another team. ③By the end of last month, we _______________(finish) half of the project. had worked had thought had finished 知识点二　过去完成时在几个重点句型中的应用 1．在no sooner...than...、 hardly...when...句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意为“一……就……；刚……就……”。 No sooner had he arrived in Beijing than he came to visit us. 他一到北京就来看我们了。 The girl had hardly rung the bell when the door was opened suddenly. 女孩刚按响铃，门就突然被打开了。 2．在“It was the first/second/...time that...”句型中，从句中用过去完成时。 It was the first time that I had chatted online in English. 这是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。 3．在“It was＋一段时间＋since 从句”句型中，从句用过去完成时。 It was at least three months since I had left Beijing. 我离开北京至少有3个月了。 巧学活用2 ——补全句子 ①It was ____________________________________(她第一次离开中国). ②No sooner ________________________(我收到你的来信) than I opened it. ③I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We ________________________(彼此没见过面) since he went to Beijing. the first time that she had left China had I received your letter hadn't seen each other 知识点三　过去完成时、一般过去时以及现在完成时的区别 时态 用法 过去完成时 强调“过去的过去”，即表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，是以过去某一时间为基准的。 一般过去时 以现在时间为基准，表示在过去发生的动作或存在的状态，对现在没有影响。 现在完成时 强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或者从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作。 He had worked on a farm for 10 years before he became the manager of the company. 在成为公司经理之前，他在农场工作过10年。 He once worked on a farm for 10 years, and now he is the manager of the company. 他在农场工作过10年，现在是这家公司的经理。 I haven't seen her since she went abroad five years ago. 自从5年前她出国以来我就没有见过她。 (1)表示过去某个时间以前所连续发生的两个或两个以上的动作时，一般用and、 then、 but按照动作的先后顺序连接，此时通常用一般过去时而不用过去完成时。 He entered the room, turned on the light and sat down at the table. 他走进房间，打开灯，坐在桌子旁。 He said he went to the shop and bought some food. 他说他去商店买了一些食品。 名师点津 (2)当一个由before、 after、 as soon as等引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作紧接着发生时，两个动作均可用一般过去时来表示。 We had breakfast after we did morning exercises. 做完早操后，我们吃早饭。 The train started to move just before he reached the platform.他刚到月台时火车就要走。 They started ploughing as soon as they got to the fields. 他们一到地里就开始耕地。　　 名师点津 巧学活用3 ——单句语法填空 ①I closed the window and then ______(leave) the room. ②John told me that he ________________(graduate) from university three years before. ③With the aid of our English teacher，we ____________(make) great progress this term. left had graduated have made 体系建构 索引 课　时　精　练 索引 基础达标 维度一　单句语法填空 1．When I got on the bus, I realized I __________(leave) my textbook at home. 2．When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I _________ (not, see) for years. 3．I arrived at the office in the morning and found that somebody _____ ________(break) into the office during the night. 4．By the time Jack returned home from England, his son _______________ (graduate) from college. had left hadn't seen had broken had graduated 5．I _______________(intend) to call on you, but I had an unexpected visitor. 6．The man said the book ______________________(publish) several times by the end of last year. 7．Nina opened the door and ______(go) out with her little dog. 8．He once ________(work) as a teacher for 5 years, but now he is a successful manager. 9．We __________(have) the car for eight years before we sold it last week. 10．By the end of last week, they ____________(finish) 80 percent of the work. had intended had been published went worked had had had finished 维度二　语法与写作(用过去完成时完成句子) 1．那是我第一次参加这样有意义的活动。 It was the first time that I ________________________________________． 2．他的儿子跑去看秧苗。令他惊恐的是，它们都枯死了。 His son ran to look at the seedlings. To his horror, all of them ____________ and died. had taken part in such a meaningful activity had dried up 3．很明显，他们都为比赛做了很好的准备。 It was obvious that all of them ______________________________ the contest. 4．我们刚坐好，怀特太太就进来了，手里拿着书和文件。 Hardly ________________________________________ Mrs. White came in, books and papers in her hand. 5．他们本来想要来帮忙的，但未能及时赶到这儿。 They _______________________ but couldn't get here in time. had made good preparations for had we settled down into our seats when had wanted to help 维度三　语法与语篇 My friend, Andrew, 1.____________(live) in a foreign country for many years before he returned to England. He had often dreamed of retiring in England and 2.______________(plan) to settle down in the countryside. He 3._____ no sooner __________(return) than he bought a house and went to live there. Almost immediately he 4._______(begin) to complain about the weather, had lived had planned had returned began for it was often bitterly cold. After so many years of sunshine，Andrew got a shock. He acted as if he had never lived in England before.In the end, it was more than he could bear. He 5._____ hardly _____(have) time to settle down when he sold the house and 6.______(leave) the countryside. The dream he 7.__________(have) for so many years ended there. Andrew made a big mistake because he 8.______________(think) of everything except the weather. had had left had had had thought 素能提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A A mild-mannered cat by day, at night Rusty was just the opposite. Often, Bill and I would lie in bed quarreling over whether we should let it out to wander in the dark or put up with another sleepless night. So, instead, we lay in the dark each noisy night and wondered what damage Rusty would do. And always in the morning, if I had forgotten to put the butter in the cupboard, there were marks from a rough, little tongue and once even a paw print. Something had to give. Bill looked at me straight in the eyes, “Do it.” My reservations were such, however, that it took me several weeks and the loss of nearly a pound of butter to decide we didn't have much choice. That night, I put Rusty on his cat bed and patted him a little guiltily on the head. Then I began filling the kitchen sink with about two inches of water. Rusty loved jumping into a damp sink and then tracking water all over the cupboards and across the kitchen floor. According to the article I saved from a website to my folder, cats used to jumping into your sink, but they won't do it again if they jump in and find a couple of inches of water. Next, I cleared the cupboards of everything. Then I got out all my metal cookie sheets and a fork to go with each. According to the article, you should support a cookie sheet with a fork. When your cat jumps on the counter, he will knock down the insecurely balanced cookie sheets. What happens next will stop him from doing it a second time. Everything in place, I slipped onto our bed quietly, waiting. Suddenly, there came an awfully loud noise of metal. A chain reaction of crashes next. Finally, Rusty rounded the corner in the hall heavily and leaped through our doorway onto the foot of our bed, trembling under our cover. And that was the night Rusty, the Midnight Troublemaker, retired. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因为她家的猫在晚上总是会制造噪音而影响他们睡觉，所以就做了两个陷阱去吓唬猫，结果猫确实被吓住，并且不再惹麻烦了。 1．Which of the following best describes Rusty at night? A．Cold-blooded. B．Adorable. C．Good-tempered. D．Troublesome. 细节理解题。根据第一段“A mild-mannered cat by day...or put up with another sleepless night.”可知，作者家的猫Rusty在晚上是不老实的，总是惹麻烦，让作者他们不能睡觉。故选D。 √ 2．What did Bill mean by saying “Do it”？ A．To leave the cat outdoor. B．To give the cat a lesson. C．To reserve food for the cat. D．To give the cat more butter. 推理判断题。根据第四段和第五段可知，作者做的事情是要给Rusty一个教训，让它以后不要在晚上制造麻烦，影响他们睡觉了。故选B。 √ 3．What did the writer do before she went to bed that night? A．Filled the sink with water. B．Laid two traps for the cat. C．Covered the counter with sheets. D．Cleaned the kitchen thoroughly. 推理判断题。根据第四段和第五段可知，作者在那天晚上睡觉前，给她的猫设置了两个陷阱。故选B。 √ 4．How did the author probably feel about the outcome of her effort? A．Satisfied. B．Disappointed. C．Anxious. D．Regretful. 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Rusty终于被吓住了，以后应该不会再在晚上影响作者睡觉了，所以她对自己努力的结果是满意的。故选A。 √ B (2023•四川省绵阳市高二上月考) Man's relation with animals is very old. They can be traced back to the beginning of civilization. Man is the best creation and measure of all things. However, his kinship with animals is well established. Darwin believed that man has evolved from monkeys. Thus, they are our ancestors. The friendship between man and animals is more reliable and lasting. Man's friendship with man may not last long, but it is of permanent nature with the domesticated and pet animals. Domesticated creatures are never ungrateful. They will never turn hostile. That's why they have been so useful to mankind and live in perfect harmony with us. In western countries cats are very popular as pets, for they kill rats and other rodents and make a good constant company. Dogs are kept for protection and safety. They are matchless in faithfulness and loyalty. They help in hunting, in rearing sheep and in protecting properties. They also help in detecting and tracking thieves and criminals. They are trained for many other purposes as well, including being good guides and rescuing services. Horses are domesticated, for they're well-known for their speed, strength, faithfulness and an unerring road sense. They are dependable friends both in war and peace. Similarly, elephants have been great and reliable friends of mankind from immemorial times. An elephant is a very intelligent, brave, faithful and hardworking animal. Being an intelligent animal, it never forgets both the acts of kindness and acts of wrongdoing. Donkeys, camels, yaks, bullocks are the beasts of burden. They serve us in a way that none can do. Similarly, the cow is raised for its milk, dung and hide. In western countries cow-meat is also eaten with relish(风味佐料). But in India cow is worshipped by the Hindu as mother and a symbol of holiness, care, affection and innocence. Monkeys are widely used in the discovery of medicines. Whenever a new medicine is discovered, it is first tried on them. Really, these animals are great and reliable friends of ours, without which life would have lost half of its charm and usefulness. We should always be kind to them. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人与动物是关系紧密的朋友。并且列举了猫、狗、马、大象等动物对人类所做的贡献，他们是人类可靠的朋友。 5．Why does the author mention Darwin in paragraph one? A．To illustrate humans have evolved from monkeys. B．To suggest Darwin was a highly accomplished biologist. C．To imply the relation between man and animals is close. D．To show the human civilization has a long history. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Man's relation with animals is very old”和“Thus, they are our ancestors.”可推知，这里引用达尔文的话是为了例证人与动物关系亲密。故选C。 √ 6．Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word “hostile” ? A．Hospitable. B．Grateful. C．Agreeable. D．Aggressive. 词义猜测题。根据第二段三、四句可知，这里是说动物与人类关系友好，他们与人类永远不会敌对，与aggressive“好斗的，挑衅的”词义相近。故选D。 √ 7．What can we know from the article? A．Dogs are domesticated simply to be pets for people. B．Elephants are so intelligent that they can't be domesticated. C．Horses can find its way home because of their sound sense of direction. D．Cows are worshipped in India as well as in western countries. 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句可知，马因为准确的路感而闻名，可推知，马可以找到回家的路，因为他们的方向感良好。故选C。 √ 8．Where can't we read this passage? A．A science fiction. B．A textbook. C．A magazine. D．The Internet. 文章出处题。根据文章第二段第一句及最后一段“Really, these animals are great...its charm and usefulness.”可知，文章主要讲述了人和动物之间的友谊是可靠的，所以文章很有可能来自网络、课本或者杂志，不可能是出自一本科幻小说上。故选A。 √ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (2023•山东师范大学附属中学高二上月考) Memory loss can occur to anyone. If you are unable to take good care of your memory, then chances are you will suffer from memory loss at a very young age. 1 Stress is a state of mental or emotional fatigue(疲劳)． 2 This is the reason why we fail to remember or learn new things when we are mentally stressed. To prevent stress-related loss of memory and learning ability, one has to find the factors that increase stress and anxiety and deal with them. If you exercise on a regular basis, your body will become stronger over time. 3 As your brain does more exercise, it gets healthier and works better. This is why students are encouraged to do mind exercises or play mind-related games regularly. 4 It allows good blood circulation(循环) in the body and enable the mind to process present as well as past information quickly. However, many people neglect the importance of doing so. Also, always include healthy foods in your daily diet that can improve your memory, such as blueberries, spinach and broccoli. These are just some of the causes of memory loss. At present, experts are unable to tell exactly what the main reason leading to memory loss is. This is because there could be many reasons leading to it, such as environmental factors. The brain is a complex organ. 5 What matters is that you are able to follow the right set of guidelines to prevent yourself from suffering from memory loss. 　　语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了造成健忘的三个主要原因以及如何避免它们的发生。 A．It affects the memory and learning ability of an individual. B．Having a healthy and balanced diet is very important. C．Trying giving yourself a break will be a good way. D．It makes it almost impossible to find the true cause of memory loss. E．This rule applies to the brain as well. F．It is very helpful to have a regular place to put things in. G．The following are the top three reasons for memory loss and how you can avoid them. Memory loss can occur to anyone. If you are unable to take good care of your memory, then chances are you will suffer from memory loss at a very young age. 1____ 解析：根据上文“Memory loss can occur to...at a very young age.”提到了任何人都可能健忘，如果你不能好好的照顾自己的记忆，那么在非常年轻的时候就可能会遭遇健忘。因此G项：下面给出了造成健忘的三个主要原因以及如何避免它们的发生符合语境。故选G。 G Stress is a state of mental or emotional fatigue(疲劳)． 2 This is the reason why we fail to remember or learn new things when we are mentally stressed. To prevent stress-related loss of memory and learning ability, one has to find the factors that increase stress and anxiety and deal with them. 解析：根据“Stress is a state of mental or emotional fatigue(疲劳)．”和“This is the reason why we fail to remember or learn new things when we are mentally stressed.”可知，这里意思是压力会影响人的记忆力和学习能力。故选A。 A If you exercise on a regular basis, your body will become stronger over time. 3 As your brain does more exercise, it gets healthier and works better. This is why students are encouraged to do mind exercises or play mind-related games regularly. 解析：根据上文“If you exercise on a regular basis, your body will become stronger over time.”这里提到了经常运动会使身体更强壮这一规则，故E项符合语境，引出下文“随着你的大脑做更多的运动，它变得更健康，工作得更好”。故选E。 E 4 It allows good blood circulation(循环) in the body and enable the mind to process present as well as past information quickly. However, many people neglect the importance of doing so. Also, always include healthy foods in your daily diet that can improve your memory, such as blueberries, spinach and broccoli. 解析：根据下文“Also, always include healthy foods... spinach and broccoli.”可知，这里提到了健康和均衡的饮食。故选B。 B These are just some of the causes of memory loss. At present, experts are unable to tell exactly what the main reason leading to memory loss is. This is because there could be many reasons leading to it, such as environmental factors. The brain is a complex organ. 5 What matters is that you are able to follow the right set of guidelines to prevent yourself from suffering from memory loss. 解析：根据上文“The brain is a complex organ.”这里提到了大脑是一个很复杂的器官。D项“找到造成健忘的真正原因几乎是不可能的”意思相符。故选D。 D Ⅲ.完形填空 (2023•广东省湛江市高二上适应性考试) The other day I was shopping at a local store and met a lady. She was squatting(蹲坐)on the floor looking for a 1 product on the bottom shelf. She jumped up when she saw me as if to 2 my way. Feeling sorry, she 3 that she was a(n) 4 at a nearby store and was 5 her lunch break, trying to get a few needed items. I told her, “I am in no hurry. Go ahead and do what you need to do.” 6 she searched for a particular brand she said that sometimes 7 were rude to her at the store and she really 8 my kindness. I told her that I had noticed cashiers being treated rudely. I explained to her that I was a retired nurse and 9 some of what she was saying first-hand. Sometimes, the sick people could be rude. She thanked me for being so nice and friendly. I told her, “The world would be a 10 place if we all acted 11 . Those who are rude may have bad results coming after them eventually for 12 people badly.” She nodded and smiled. In a brief 13 ， I showed her there are good and kind people in the world and may have boosted(增强)her 14 in humanity. Maybe she 15 that later in the day, perhaps when someone was treating her unkindly. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在商店里偶遇一位正在寻找商品的收银员。在交谈的过程中，收银员提到很多时候受到顾客的无理对待。作者宽慰了对方，并且告诉她：如果我们都能善待他人，这个世界会变得更好。 1．A．certain　　 B．fascinating C．useful D．commercial 根据句中“squatting (蹲坐) on the floor looking for”和下文“trying to get a few needed items”可知，这位女士正在寻找某件商品。故选A。 √ 2．A．keep track of B．head for C．give way to D．get out of 根据上文“She was squatting (蹲坐) on the floor”可知，女士蹲坐在地板，挡住了作者的路，所以她要给作者让路；get out of one's way“给某人让道”。故选D。 √ 3．A．added B．reflected C．whispered D．explained 根据句中“that she was a(n) at a nearby store and was her lunch break, trying to get a few needed items.”可知，她在给作者解释自己在做什么。故选D。 √ 4．A．conductor B．cashier C．waitress D．actress 根据下文“sometimes were rude to her at the store”和“I told her that I had noticed cashiers being treated rudely.”可知，她是一名收银员。故选B。 √ 5．A．through B．with C．on D．under 根据“she was a(n) at a nearby store”可知，她在附近上班，趁午饭休息时间过来买东西；on lunch break意为“在午饭休息期间”。故选C。 √ 6．A．Once B．When C．Although D．Before 根据句意，她一边寻找某个品牌，一边给作者说话，“她寻找某个品牌”是时间状语从句，用when引导，表示“当……时候”，故选B。 √ 7．A．employees B．customers C．hosts D．visitors 根据下文“I explained to her that I was a retired nurse and some of what she was saying first-hand. Sometimes, the sick people could be rude.”可知，作者用自己做护士时被病人粗鲁对待的事情来安慰收银员，由此推知，收银员在商店里也被自己的服务对象——顾客粗鲁对待。故选B。 √ 8．A．responded B．admitted C．appreciated D．rejected 根据句中“my kindness”可知，对于作者的好意，她心存感激。故选C。 √ 9．A．realized B．accepted C．understood D．recognized 根据下文“Sometimes, the sick people could be rude.”可知，作者当护士时也被病人粗鲁对待，所以对于收银员的遭遇感同身受，能理解。故选C。 √ 10．A．cleaner B．stronger C．larger D．better 根据句中“The world would be”及下文“if we all acted ”可推知，作者告诉她只要我们都善待他人，世界会变得更好。故选D。 √ 11．A．frankly B．generously C．happily D．kindly 根据上文可知，收银员在商店里被自己的服务对象——顾客粗鲁对待，结合下文“Those who are rude may have bad results coming after them eventually”可推知，作者用因果报应的观点来宽慰收银员，所以作者说我们要善待他人，世界会变得更好。故选D。 √ 12．A．treating B．scaring C．affecting D．punishing 介词for引出原因，结合上文可知，“对他人粗鲁无礼”是“Those who are rude may have bad results coming after them eventually”的原因。故选A。 √ 13．A．repetition B．exchange C．performance D．lecture 根据上文可知，作者与偶遇的收银员进行了简短的交流。故选B。 √ 14．A．virtue B．fortune C．faith D．relief 根据上文可知，作者告诉收银员如果我们都能善待他人，世界会变得更好，结合上文“She nodded and smiled.”可知，作者的话让她得以释怀，增强了她对人性的信心。故选C。 √ 15．A．thought about B．watched over C．got through D．brought about 根据上文可知，作者告诉收银员如果我们都能善待他人，世界会变得更好，收银员也相信作者的话，增强了她对人性的信心，所以当下次有人对她不好，她可能会想到作者所说的话。故选A。 √ 索引 谢 谢 观 看 ！ U N I T 1 　 R E L A T I O N S H I P S $$