Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Starting out & Understanding ideas －Language points-【金版新学案】2023-2024学年新教材高一英语必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Starting out & Understanding ideas－Language points [核心单词] 1．love you forever　　　　 永远爱你 2．a familiar tune 一支熟悉的小曲 3．the lure of adventure 历险的诱惑力 4．deliver the goods 交货 5．cut taxes significantly 大幅减税 6．maintain friendship 维持友谊 7．digital movies 数字电影 8．an unusual angle 不寻常的角度 9．tend and protect 养护管理 10．update our facilities 更新我们的设备 11．a well­known saying 众所周知的名言 12．face criminal charges 面对刑事指控 13．acquire this skill 获得这种技能 14．prove their innocence 证明他们的清白 15．read inspiring stories 读励志故事 [拓展单词] 1．adventure n．历险(经历)，奇遇→adventurous adj.爱冒险的，大胆的 2．prefer v．更喜欢→preference n．偏爱，优先权 3．advance n．进步，进展→advanced adj.先进的，高级的 4．significantly adv.重大地，显著地→significant adj.重大的，显著的→significance n．意义，重要性 5．enable v．使可能，使发生→able adj.有能力的 6．unusual adj.异常的，不平常的→usual adj.寻常的 7．tend v．易于做某事，往往会发生某事→tendency n．趋势，趋向 8．illustrate v．(举例)说明，阐明→illustration n．说明，例证，图解 [重点短语] 第一组　汉译英 1．不了解……的情况，不了解……的动态 　　　　　　　　　　　 lose_track_of 2．归功于……，多亏…… thanks_to 3．与某人交流 communicate_with_sb. 4．与……保持联系 stay_in_touch_with 第二组　英译汉 5．social media 社交媒体 6．be up to 忙于；从事 7．keep... in mind 记住 8．throw the baby out with the bathwater 不分良莠一起抛弃 [典型句式] 根据课文语境和汉语提示补全句子 1．What if... ？要是……会怎样？ What_if(要是……会怎样) the only way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be delivered? 2．even if引导的让步状语从句 Whatever our hobbies，the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy doing them，even_if_they_live_on_the_other_side_of_the_world(即使他们住在世界的另一端). 3．what引导的主语从句 But we need to keep in mind that what_we_see_on_social_media(我们在社会媒体上看到的) is often not the whole truth about a person. 4．whatever引导让步状语从句 Whatever_our_hobbies(无论我们的爱好是什么), the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy doing them, even if they live on the other side of the world. 核心词汇精研 familiar　adj. 熟悉的 (教材原句)With no familiar faces in view，... 看不到熟悉的面孔，…… (1)be/get familiar with　　 熟悉…… be familiar to 为……所熟悉 (2)unfamiliar adj. 不熟悉的 [佳句]　He is quite familiar with the city because he is a native of it. 他对这个城市很熟悉，因为他是当地人。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 (1)I am familiar with Tom，so his voice on the phone is familiar to me. ◎能力提升——一句多译 (2)(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)一方面，我很熟悉中国画，因为我的父亲是一位中国画家。 ①For one thing, I am_quite_familiar_with_Chinese_painting,_for my father is a Chinese painter. ②For one thing, Chinese painting is_quite_familiar_to_me,_for my father is a Chinese painter. prefer v. 更喜欢 (教材原句) How do you prefer to make friends？你喜欢怎样交朋友？ prefer to do/doing... 更喜欢做…… prefer sb. to do... 更喜欢让某人做…… prefer sth. /doing... to sth./doing... 与……相比更喜欢…… prefer to do... rather than do... 宁可做……也不做…… [佳句]　(2019·江苏卷)I prefer the school uniform to the traditional Chinese dress at the welcome ceremony next month. 在下个月的欢迎仪式上，与中国的传统服装相比，我更喜欢校服。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 (1)I'm quite satisfied, and I prefer renting such an apartment to buying(buy) one. (2)Unlike fast food places, fine dining shops prefer customers to_stay(stay) longer and spend more time. ◎能力提升——一句多译 (3)她宁愿跟我们一起去也不愿留下来。 ①She preferred_going_with_us_to_staying_behind. ②She preferred to_go_with_us_rather_than_stay_behind. lose track of　不了解……的情况；不了解……的动态 (教材原句)How would you feel if moving to a new town meant losing track of your friends? 如果搬家到一个新的城镇意味着与你的朋友失去联系，那么你会有什么样的感受呢？ keep track of　　　 与……保持联系；了解……的动态 follow sb.'s tracks 跟踪某人 [佳句]　If you can not use WeChat at the present time, you are at the risk of losing track of your most friends, especially the young ones. 如果目前你还不会使用微信，你就有与你大多数朋友失去联系的风险，尤其是那些年轻的朋友。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 (1)To solve the problem, parents should keep track of children's use of social media. ◎能力提升—— 同义转换 (2)I regret to say that I have lost touch with four or five friends. I regret to say that I have lost_track_of four or five friends. advance　n．前进；进步 (教材原句)Thanks to advances in technology, how we make friends and communicate with them has changed significantly. 多亏了科技的进步，我们交友以及与他们交流的方式已经发生了巨大的变化。 (1)in advance　　　　 在前面，预先，提前 make an advance/advances in 在……取得进步 (2)advance v. 前进；促进；提前 advance on/towards sb./sth. 向某人/某物前进 (3)advanced adj. 高等的；先进的；晚期的 [佳句]　Recent advances in medical science mean that this illness now can be cured. 医学的最新进展意味着这种疾病现在可以治愈。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 (1)Chinese doctors have made great advances(advance) in treating cancer these years. (2)Thanks to the advanced(advance) technology, we live in an age of bettered communication. ◎能力提升——完成句子 (3)A group of students are_advancing_towards/on our school library. 有一群学生正向我们的学校图书馆走来。 significantly　adv. 重大地；显著地 (1)significance n.　　　　　 重要性；意义 be of great significance＝be very significant 非常重要 be of no significance 无意义，不重要 attach significance to 重视…… (2)significant adj. 重要的 [佳句]　(1)My piano playing has improved significantly since I started with a new teacher. 自从换了一位新老师，我的钢琴水平有了明显的提高。 (2)Now when hearing this question again, I feel that it is of no significance. 现在，再听到这一类问题，只觉得没意思。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 (1)He didn't appear to attach any significance to our question. (2)There are no significant(significance) differences between the education systems of the two countries. ◎能力提升——同义表达 (3)Timely encouragement from a teacher is very significant to his/her students. Timely encouragement from a teacher is_of_great_significance to his/her students. tend　v．易于做某事；往往会发生某事 (教材原句)On social media sites, people tend to post only positive updates that make them appear happy and friendly. 在社交媒体网站上，人们往往只会将正面的最新信息展现出来，让他们看起来很快乐、很友好。 (1)tend to/toward(s) sth. 倾向于……；有……的趋势 tend to do sth. 常常会做某事；易于做某事 tend (to) sb./sth. 照料；护理 (2)tendency n. 倾向，趋势 have a tendency to do sth. 有做某事的倾向 [佳句]　In my eyes, his views on many problems tend towards the extreme. 依我看来，他在许多问题上的看法趋于偏激。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 (1)Men who had been stressed tended to_take(take) more risks while women responded in the opposite way. (2)She has been tending to the sick and the wounded in the hospital since she graduated. ◎能力提升——词汇升级 (3)He tends to help those students who are in trouble. He has_a_tendency_to_help those students who are in trouble.(tendency) 重点句型解构 句型公式： whatever引导让步状语从句 (教材原句)Whatever our hobbies, the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy doing them, even if they live on the other side of the world. 无论我们的爱好是什么，互联网总能把我们与那些喜爱做同样事情的人联系起来，即使那些人生活在世界的另一端。 此句为主从复合句。句中Whatever引导让步状语从句。 (1)wherever, whenever, however, whoever, whichever, whatever 等引导让步状语从句，相当于“no matter＋疑问词”。 (2)whoever, whichever, whatever 等也可引导名词性从句，相当于anyone that 或anything that，但是“no matter＋疑问词”不能引导名词性从句。 [佳句]　(1)Whatever/No matter what you say, I won't believe you. 无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。 (2)The three­year­old boy seems to be very clever and able to absorb whatever he is taught. 这个三岁的男孩看起来很聪明，似乎能掌握教给他的任何东西。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 (1)Whatever happens，I will stand by you. (2)Whoever breaks the law should be punished. ◎能力提升——一句多译 (3)无论可能遇到什么困难，我们都会按时完成任务。 ①Whatever_difficulties_we_may_meet,_we’ll finish the task on time. ②No_matter_what_difficulties_we_may_meet,_we’ll finish the task on time. 维度一　单词拼写 1．The volunteers are planning to deliver(派送) more food to the earthquake­stricken area. 2．Great advances(进步) have been made in every aspect of our firm this year. 3．Some people prefer(更喜欢) camping to staying in hotels. 4．Health problems can be significantly(显著地) reduced by careful diet. 5．How can we maintain(保持) control of spending? 6．His wealthy family enabled/enables(使可能) him to study abroad. 7．With the touch of a button or the click(点击) of a mouse, people will find abundant information from the largest libraries and museums in the world. 8．They have just returned from faraway(遥远的) places with wonderful stories to tell. 9．This site(网站) reports science news that covers a wide range of subjects. 10．Are you familiar(熟悉) with the computer software they use? 维度二　完成句子 1．In order to catch the early bus，we_ordered_a_taxi_in_advance. 为了赶上早班车，我们预定了一辆出租车。 (in advance) 2．A lot of people tend_to_listen_to_the_radio in the mornings. 许多人喜欢在早上听广播。(tend to do... ) 3．I am_not_familiar_with_this_type_of_computer，and you can turn to him for help. 我不熟悉这类计算机，你可以向他求助。(familiar) 4．I always lose_track_of_what's_happening in the Middle East. 我总是无法知道中东的局势。(lose track of) 5．He was always ready to give help wherever_help_was_needed. 无论哪里需要帮助，他总是欣然而去。 课时精练(十一)　Starting out & Understanding ideas－Language points (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [基础达标] 维度一　根据汉语提示或首字母填入单词的适当形式 1．The sailor told of his many adventures(冒险经历) that happened at sea. 2．Nowadays, it is much easier for us to maintain(保持)friendship than before. 3．The ability to master a language can be acquired (获得) only by using the language. 4．John hasn't contacted us for months，which is rather unusual(异常的). 5．Those who lack confidence in themselves tend (倾向于) to give up easily. 6．As time went on，his comments proved(被证明是) to be correct. 7．I want to buy a digital(数字的) camera online.Can you show me how to search the website? 8．To our disappointment，all the chairs in the band were booked in advance． 9．He intends to study advanced courses to improve himself. 10．Not only am I interested in photography，but I took an online course to update my skills. 维度二　在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 1．I usually have fast food delivered(deliver) to my apartment. 2．I prefer my English classes to_be_taught(teach) in English only. 3．His failure in this exam will enable him to_study(study) hard. 4．Thanks to your help，we finished the task ahead of time. 5．In today's job­hunting market, many companies tend to_hire(hire) people who have job experience. 6．Don't be afraid of failure. You have our support, whatever you decide. 7．I use the topic as an example because it is familiar to most readers. 8．He reads the newspapers to keep track of current events every morning. 9．My husband prefers staying at home watching TV to going shopping with me. 10．Just be patient. You can't count on improving your English significantly(significance) in just two weeks. 维度三　完成句子/词汇升级/句式升级/一句多译 1．He went out even_if/though_(it_was)_raining_heavily． 尽管正在下大雨，他还是出去了。(even if/though) 2．Last year she grew many plants that were_familiar_to me. 去年她种了许多我熟悉的植物。(familiar) 3．You'd better arrive ahead of time, which is very important to show your politeness. (词汇升级) You'd better arrive ahead of time, which is of_great_significance to show your politeness. 4．When he meets any difficulty, he will accept the challenge.(句型转换) No_matter_what_difficulties he meets, he will accept the challenge. 5．我宁愿过简单的生活也不愿浪费有限的资源。 I prefer_to_live_simply_rather_than_waste the limited resources. (prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.) I prefer_living_simply_to_wasting the limited resources. (prefer doing sth. to doing sth.) I would_live_simply_rather_than_waste the limited resources. (would do sth. rather than do sth.) I would_rather_live_simply_than_waste the limited resources. (would rather do sth. than do sth.) [素能提升] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A My journey home from school is nothing special.The train's always busy but I usually find a seat and start reading or texting my friends，making sure，like everyone else，not to look at other people. But last Tuesday was different.I was happily listening to some new music when the train suddenly stopped.This wasn't unusual and I didn't think anything of it.Then after about five minutes，I noticed people were starting to get a bit angry.Fifteen minutes later，people started getting angrier.The longer the train stood still，the angrier people became until finally the announcement came: “We are sorry to announce that this train is delayed(延误).” That seemed to calm people down and so we all went back to what we were doing before，but soon there was another announcement：we were going to be there for a long time—a train had broken down in front of us.There was a loud sigh throughout the carriage but then something unexpected happened：complete strangers started talking to each other.I started chatting to a couple of young tourists sitting opposite me.They were from Spain and they were travelling around the UK so I recommended some places they should visit.Next，I really surprised myself by starting a conversation with a businesswoman.She was going to take three months off work to climb Qomolangma.It was great talking to her.Then I decided to get up and go for a walk down the train.I met a woman who had been a student at my school seven years ago and knew lots of my teachers. While we were talking，we heard there was a patient in another part of the train who needed help，and the woman from my school jumped into action.It turned out she was a nurse，and when she came back she was welcome as a hero. Then，after two and a half hours，we started moving again.Everyone clapped and cheered and some people，complete strangers three hours before，even hugged.I'll never forget the day the train stopped and people started talking. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一次作者从学校乘火车回家，火车在半路上停留了两个多小时，在此期间，人们开始互相交流、互相帮助，这给作者留下了深刻的印象。 1．How did the author react when the train suddenly stopped? A．He paid no attention to it. B．He let out a long deep sigh. C．He turned to the other passengers. D．He got angry at once. A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I was happily listening to some new music when the train suddenly stopped.This wasn't unusual and I didn't think anything of it.”(我正高兴地听着新歌，火车突然停了下来。这并不奇怪，我也没多想)可知，当火车突然停下来的时候，作者并没有注意这件事。故选A。] 2．Why did the train stop? A．It broke down. B．A previous train stopped working. C．The track was under repair. D．It ran out of gas. B　[细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“That seemed to calm people down and so we all went back to what we were doing before，but soon there was another announcement：we were going to be there for a long time—a train had broken down in front of us.”(这似乎让人们平静了下来，所以我们都回到了我们之前在做的事情，但很快又有另一个通知：我们将在那里待很长时间——一列火车在我们前面抛锚了)可知，这辆火车停下来的原因是前面有一列火车抛锚了。故选B。] 3．What did the author talk about with the nurse? A．Some famous tourist spots. B．Their former teachers. C．Some stories of businesswomen. D．Their mountain­climbing experience. B　[推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“I met a woman who had been a student at my school seven years ago and knew lots of my teachers.”(我遇到了一个七年前在我学校上学的女人，她认识我的很多老师)及下文中的“It turned out she was a nurse”(结果她是一名护士)可知，作者遇到了一位校友，校友认识作者的很多老师。由此推知，作者和这名护士谈论了他们以前的老师。故选B。] 4．Why did the author consider the journey unforgettable? A．He saved a person's life on the train. B．He met some classmates during the trip. C．Talking to strangers made him happy. D．It was the first time he had met with an accident. C　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Everyone clapped and cheered and some people，complete strangers three hours before，even hugged.I’ll never forget the day the train stopped and people started talking.”(每个人都鼓掌欢呼，有些人，甚至是三小时前完全陌生的人，互相拥抱。我永远不会忘记火车停下来，人们开始交谈的那一天)可知，作者认为这次旅行令人难忘，是因为与陌生人交谈使他很高兴。故选C。] B What's your opinion about finding good friends? Speaking from my past experience，it is very difficult to find good friends that you can trust but once you have found them，they are worth keeping forever! Therefore，I think friendship is the most important relationship that anybody could have. The qualities I look for in a friend are a good sense of humor and sensitivity.A friend would have to be strong minded and highly spirited.I think that these qualities are the key qualities to look for in a good friend. Even the best friends can still have arguments between themselves，though usually about more serious topics，rather than the usual childish arguments.Some matters can seriously affect friendship.If one of your friends started experimenting with harmful and dangerous drugs，what would you do? A good friend would try to help as much as possible，while a bad example of a friend would simply shrug and turn a blind eye. Not only the bad things affect friendship—good activities do too，such as bonding with one another，not just by going out on a night with them，but by spending quality time with them and talking to each other.This is a key aspect of a good friendship. Good friends do not always have to be in the same age group as you.I have a good friend and she is 47 years old and I am 16. Unfortunately，some people lose contact with their friends as they grow older，which is a sad way to lose a good friend. I think friendship is one of the most important things in life because if you have no friends you will have no happiness. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了友情是十分重要的，作者十分看重朋友的幽默感和敏感度。即使是好朋友也会有分歧，不仅一些不好的事情会引起分歧，一些好的活动也可能影响友情，而且朋友不一定是相同年纪的。遗憾的是随着年龄的增长一些人会失去朋友。 5．According to the author，true friendship ________． A．is easy to get　　　　 B．needs management C．deepens with time D．affects one's happiness B　[细节理解题。首先从第二段中的“I think that these qualities are the key qualities to look for in a good friend.”可看出找好朋友需要看对方的品德；其次根据第三段中当出现分歧时，要合理解决，由此可知一段好的友情是需要经营的，故选B。] 6．Paragraph 3 is mainly about ________． A．why drugs are bad for teenagers B．whether a friend is reliable C．ways that help avoid arguments D．problems that will test friendship D　[段落大意题。根据第三段中的“Some matters can seriously affect friendship.”可知一些问题会影响友情，故选D。] 7．According to the author，which matters least in friendship? A．Confidence. B．Age. C．Sense of humor. D．Communication. B　[细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Good friends do not always have to be in the same age group as you.”可知年龄在友谊中不重要，故选B。] 8．Which of the following sayings can match the author's view on friendship? A．Old friends and old wines are best. B．A friend without faults will never be found. C．A friend to everybody is a friend to nobody. D．A life without a friend is a life without sunshine. D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段“I think friendship is one of the most important things in life because if you have no friends you will have no happiness.”可知作者认为友情十分重要，故选D。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Getting organized Like most people, I can get disorganized: too many papers on my messy desk and a computer filled with different articles. Here are some ways I use to fight against disorganization. Don't add to disorganization.__1__ . Don't just throw it on your desk or bed. Every day, put something away. You may have several things hiding in and around your table, so why not at least put them in one box or even where they should have stayed? __2__. I still regret selling my first bicycle at a yard sale, but at some point, your possessions(私人物品) can start to possess you. If you give yourself room to be a little sad about the letting go, you will have a feeling of freedom(自由) instead.　　 Organize your organization. __3__ , followed by the least important. Get the hard tasks out of the way, and the boring ones will become much easier. Use any moments. If for some unknown reason you pick up a piece of paper, file (归档) or throw it away. __4__ , take a picture with your phone. No need to pressure yourself. As someone once said, “You didn't get disorganized overnight, and you won't get organized that way either.” You do one thing every day, and do not make things worse, it will get better. __5__， your situation will change. A．If you need to keep something B．Getting organized is not a race C．Store things you are unsure about D．Put the most important things first E．If you make getting organized a habit F．Realize that it will be hard to let go of some things G．From now on, put everything that comes into your hands in its place right away 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些处理杂乱无序的建议。 1．G　[根据下文“Don't just throw it on your desk or bed.”可知，此处内容与把手里的东西放置好有关，且下文的代词it指的是选项G中的everything that comes into your hands，因此选项G“From now on, put everything that comes into your hands in its place right away”符合题意。故选G。] 2．F　[根据下文“I still regret selling my first bicycle at a yard sale, but at some point, your possessions(私人物品) can start to possess you.”可知，此处是本段小标题，内容与讲述放手一些东西很困难有关，选项F“Realize that it will be hard to let go of some things”符合题意。故选F。] 3．D　[根据下文“followed by the least important.”可知，此处内容与组织做事情的轻重顺序有关，选项D“Put the most important things first (把最重要的事情放在第一位)”符合题意。故选D。] 4．A　[根据下文“take a picture with your phone.”可知，此处内容与需要保存东西时的做法有关，选项A“If you need to keep something (如果你需要保留什么东西)”符合题意。故选A。] 5．E　[根据下文“your situation will change.”可知，此处内容与养成有条理的习惯的好处有关，选项E“If you make getting organized a habit (如果你养成了有条理的习惯)”符合题意。故选E。] Ⅲ.完形填空 After having a child，I found my regular exercise interrupted.I was not only busy；I also lacked the motivation(动机).Solo gym sessions or some quick __1__ following the DVD while the baby sleeps didn't __2__ me at all.So I decided to sign up for a hiking __3__ in Peru，hoping that it would get me __4__ again. Before I left，I __5__ phrases such as “3­hour hike __6__ primitive(原始的) forests” and “sliding with a rope down waterfalls”，and I started to feel a little __7__． However，as we were __8__ with amazing views of awesome waterfalls，this team of strangers __9__ me to go on.Being physically active with a group motivated me to reach the __10__ rather than simply lying down on the forest floor and giving up，__11__ I might have done if I were alone. __12__ confirm my experience.“People get a better workout in a group than they do on their own，” said Allison Kimmel，a group __13__ instructor.That's because other people __14__ both support and competition.“Humans are __15__ animals and the shared experience of facing a challenge together is compelling(不可抗拒的)，” said David Ezell，the CEO of fitness provider Darien Wellness. With the support of a group，I'm slowly getting back into a healthier lifestyle. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者产后中断了健身，通过参加团队远足旅行重归健康生活的故事。 1．A．summary B．addition C．exercise D．lecture C　[句意为：趁孩子睡觉时，一个人健身或者跟着DVD做一些快速的锻炼一点也不吸引我。由上文“I found my regular exercise interrupted”可知，C选项切题。] 2．A．affect B．attract C．apply D． acquire B　[句意见上题解析。由下文“So I decided to sign up for a hiking ________ in Peru”可知，一个人健身或者跟着DVD做一些快速的锻炼一点也不吸引作者，所以作者才参加了远足旅行。故B选项切题。] 3．A．trip B．voyage C．award D．speech A　[句意为：所以我决定报名参加在秘鲁的远足旅行。故A选项切题。] 4．A．acting B．flying C．studying D．moving D　[句意为：我希望这次旅行能让我再次动起来。由上文可知，作者的运动被打断，希望通过这次旅行能让自己再次运动起来。故D选项切题。] 5．A．examined B．scanned C．copied D．wrote B　[句意为：在我出发前，我浏览了一些短语，如“徒步3小时通过原始森林”和“用绳子滑下瀑布”，我开始感到有点担心。故B选项切题。] 6．A．across B．over C．through D．beyond C　[句意见上题解析。这里指的是从森林内部穿过。故C选项切题。] 7．A．frightened B．disappointed C．delighted D．worried D　[句意见上题解析。由短语的内容可知，作者有些担心。故D选项切题。] 8．A．rewarded B．crowded C．covered D．equipped A　[句意为：然而，当我们欣赏到了令人赞叹的瀑布景观时……。 be rewarded with得到……的奖赏。故A选项切题。] 9．A．begged B．forced C．permitted D．inspired D　[句意为：陌生的队友激励了我继续前行。由下文的“Being physically active with a group motivated me... ”可知，D选项切题。] 10．A．peak B．foot C．destination D．waterfall A　[句意为：和一群体力充沛的人在一起，促使我到达山顶，而不是躺在森林的草地上放弃，如果我一个人的话，一定做不到。故A选项切题。] 11．A．that B．which C．where D．when B　[句意见上题解析。分析句子可知，这是which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代simply lying down on the forest floor and giving up，在定语从句中作宾语。故B选项切题。] 12．A．Readers B．Tourists C．Strangers D．Experts D　[句意为：专家证实了我的健身经历。由下文的instructor 可知，这里指的是“专家”。故D选项切题。] 13．A．business B．career C．flight D．fitness D　[句意为：一名团体健身教练。由上文提到的exercise及说话的内容可知，这是一名健身教练。故D选项切题。] 14．A．offer B．accept C．receive D．ignore A　[句意为：这是因为其他人提供支持和竞争。故A选项切题。] 15．A．natural B．traditional C．practical D．social D　[句意为：人类是社会性动物，共同面对挑战时一起分享经验是不可抗拒的。故D选项切题。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$