Unit 4 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas－Comprehending-【金版新学案】2023-2024学年新教材高一英语必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版2019）

Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas－Comprehending …………………………………………………………………………………◎ ①mean v．产生……结果，意味着 mean doing sth.意味着做某事 ②lose track of失去联系 keep track of保持联系 ③thanks to归功于……，多亏…… ④advance/əd'vɑːns/n.进步，进展 ⑤significantly/sɪɡ'nɪfɪkəntli/adv.重大地，显著地 ⑥remain/rɪ'meɪn/linking verb仍然是，保持不变 ⑦be up to从事，忙于；胜任；该由……负责 ⑧the digital age数码时代 digital/'dɪdʒɪtl/adj.数字的，数码的 ⑨enable/ɪ'neɪb(ə)l/v.使可能，使发生 ⑩unusual/ʌn'juːʒuəl/adj.异常的，不平常的 ⑪instrument/'ɪnstrəmənt/n.乐器 ⑫connect sb.with...把某人同……联系起来 ⑬friend熟词生义　v．(社交网站上)加……为好友 ⑭it depends 视情况而定 ⑮exchange/ɪks'tʃeɪndʒ/vt.交流，交换 ⑯meaningful/'miːnɪŋf(ə)l/adj.有意义的 ⑰keep...in mind把……记在心上 ⑱tend to do sth.易于做某事 tend v．易于做某事，往往会发生某事 ⑲post/pəʊst/v.公布，发布 ⑳smiling photos面带微笑的照片 criminal/'krɪmɪn(ə)l/n.罪犯 longing/'lɒŋɪŋ/n.渴望，热望 longing for...对……的渴望 文化采风 1．On the Internet，nobody knows you are a dog.在互联网上，没人知道你是一条狗。这是一句互联网上的常用语，因为作为《纽约客》1993年7月5日刊登的一则漫画的标题而流行。 2．throw the baby out with the bathwater是一句俗语，意为“不分良莠一起抛弃”，指在泼洗澡水的时候连孩子一起泼掉了，喻指在摒弃不重要的东西的同时，将重要的东西也抛弃了。 3．Aristotle(亚里士多德)，古希腊人，是世界古代史上伟大的哲学家、科学家和教育家之一，堪称希腊哲学的集大成者。他是柏拉图的学生，亚历山大的老师。 马克思曾称亚里士多德是古希腊哲学家中最博学的人物，恩格斯称他是“古代的黑格尔”。他的著作涉及伦理学、形而上学、心理学、经济学、神学、政治学、修辞学、自然科学、教育学、诗歌、风俗以及雅典法律等。 ◎………………………………………………………………………………… CLICK FOR A FRIEND? 1．How would you feel if moving to a new town meant① losing track of② your friends？What if the only way of getting news from faraway friends was writing letters that took ages to be delivered? [1]This was how things worked not very long ago[2]. Thanks to③ advances④ in technology，how we make friends and communicate with them[3] has changed significantly⑤. [1]此处为“What if...”句式，意为“要是……会怎么样？”；其中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词letters。 [2]how things worked not very long ago是how引导的表语从句，how在从句中作方式状语。 [3]how we make...with them为how引导的主语从句。 2．Nowadays，we can move around the world and still stay in touch with the people that we want to remain⑥friends with.Social media tools let us see what our friends are up to⑦ and maintain friendships．[4]All you need is a wi­fi connection. [4]本句中and连接两个并列的非谓语动词see和maintain；其中what our friends are up to为what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作宾语。 3．The digital age⑧ also enables⑨ us to find people who share our interests，such as collecting model cars or playing an unusual⑩ instrument⑪.Whatever our hobbies，the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy doing them，even if they live on the other side of the world．[5] [5]本句是主从复合句，其中Whatever our hobbies是“特殊疑问词＋­ever”引导的让步状语从句，主句中包含who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词others；even if引导让步状语从句。 4．But when you “friend⑬” people online，does this mean that they really are your friends? 5．It depends⑭. 6．If people always exchange⑮true personal information online，then yes，these friendships can be real and meaningful⑯.But we need to keep in mind⑰ that what we see on social media is often not the whole truth about a person．[6] [6]本句中that what we...about a person为宾语从句，作keep的宾语，因宾语太长，故将宾语后置；其中what we see on social media为what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作see的宾语。 7．On social media sites，people tend to⑱ post⑲ only positive updates that make them appear happy and friendly.But smiling photos⑳ can hide real problems. Remember the saying：on the Internet，nobody knows you’re a dog.A young person could be old；a woman could be a man；we could even be sharing our information with criminals. 8．But this doesn’t mean that we should throw the baby out with the bathwater.Although technology has changed the way we acquire friends，the meaning of friendship and our longingfor friends remain the same．[7]As Aristotle said，no one would choose to live without friends，even if he had all other goods. [7]本句中although引导让步状语从句，其中we acquire friends为省略了关系词that或in which的定语从句，修饰先行词the way。 网上交友可靠吗？ 1．如果搬家到一个新的城镇意味着与你的朋友失去联系，那么你会有什么样的感受呢？如果写信是从远方的朋友那里获取消息的唯一途径，且信要很久才能送达又会怎么样呢？这是不久前朋友之间交流的方式。由于科技的进步，我们交朋友以及与他们交流的方式已经发生了巨大的变化。 2．现在，我们可以搬到世界各地，并仍与我们想维持朋友关系的人保持联系。社交媒体工具让我们了解朋友的最新状态，让我们维系友谊。你需要的只是连上wi­fi。 3．数码时代还让我们可以找到兴趣相投的人，比如收集汽车模型或演奏某种罕见乐器。无论我们的爱好是什么，互联网总能把我们与那些喜爱做同样事情的人联系起来，即使那些人生活在世界的另一端。 4．但当你在网络上加他人为好友时，这是否意味着他们真的是你的朋友了？ 5．这视情况而定。 6．如果人们总是在网上交换个人的真实信息，那么是的，这样的友谊可能是真实且有意义的。但我们需要记住，我们在社交媒体上看到的往往不是一个人的全部真相。 7．在社交媒体网站上，人们往往只会将正面的最新信息展现出来，让他们看起来很快乐、很友好。但是，微笑的照片可以掩盖真正的问题。记住这句话：“在互联网上，没有人知道你是一条狗。年轻人可能实际年龄很大；女人可能是男人；我们甚至可能正在与罪犯分享自己的信息。” 8．但这并不意味着我们要不分良莠一起抛弃。虽然科技改变了我们获得朋友的方式，但友谊的意义和我们对朋友的渴望仍然未变。正如亚里士多德所说的那样，没有人会选择没有朋友的生活，即使他拥有一切。 一、整体理解 Ⅰ.The main idea of the passage is about making_friends_on_the_Internet． Ⅱ.Read the passage quickly and fill in the following blanks with suitable words. 二、细节理解 Read the text carefully and choose the best answers. 1．Which of the following can replace the underlined word in “Thanks to advances in technology，how we make friends and communicate with them has changed significantly．”？ A．Greatly.　　　　　　　 B．Slowly. C．Rapidly. D．Slightly. 2．Technology can enable us to do the following EXCEPT ________． A．finding people who share the same interests B．keeping in touch with friends wherever we are C．remaining friends without missing a beat D．losing track of our friends 3．Maybe online friends are not our real friends because ________． A．they are on the other side of the world B．we exchange true personal information C．we may not get the whole truth about them D．there is a dog on the other end 4．What does the sentence “on the Internet，nobody knows you are a dog” mean? A．You don't exactly know who the person on the Internet is. B．You may communicate with a dog on the Internet. C．You can pretend to be a dog on the Internet. D．You may have a chance to be a lucky dog on the Internet. 5．What can we know from the last paragraph? A．The author thinks our desire for friends remains the same. B．The author thinks technology makes it hard for us to make friends. C．The author thinks technology helps us maintain friendships more easily. D．The author thinks the meaning of friendship has changed. 答案：　ADCAA 三、品质升华 1．Do you think social media is beneficial to making friends? I_think_so._We_can_come_across_some_people_with_similar_interests_on_social_media._At_the_same_time,_we_can_keep_in_touch_with_friends_with_the_help_of_social_media. 2．Do you like making friends on social media? Why? Yes,_I_like._Because_I_can_come_across_many_people_with_the_same_interests_with_me_and_can_communicate_with_the_friends_conveniently. 3．How to keep safe in chatting online? Keep_our_personal_information_such_as_name,_address,_telephone_number_and_pictures_secret. 四、难句解构 1．Thanks to advances in technology，how we make friends and communicate with them has changed significantly. [句式分析]　本句的主干为主谓结构。Thanks to advances in technology是状语；how we make friends and communicate with them是主语从句。 [尝试翻译]　得益于技术的进步，我们结交朋友、与朋友沟通的方式已经有了明显的改变。 2．Nowadays，we can move around the world and still stay in touch with the people that we want to remain friends with. [句式分析]　本句为复合句。主句中的move和stay_in_touch_with为并列谓语；that we want to remain friends with是定语从句，修饰先行词the_people。 [尝试翻译]　如今，我们可以一边周游世界，一边仍可与想要与之维持友谊的人们保持联系。 3．Whatever our hobbies，the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy doing them，even if they live on the other side of the world. [句式分析]　本句为复合句。主句是the Internet can connect us with others；who also enjoy doing them是定语从句，修饰先行词others；even if they live on the other side of the world是让步状语从句。 [尝试翻译]　不管我们的爱好是什么，互联网总能把我们与那些喜爱做同样事情的人联系起来，哪怕他们住在世界的另一端。 4．But we need to keep in mind that what we see on social media is often not the whole truth about a person. [句式分析]　本句为复合句。we_need_to_keep_in_mind为主句，that引导宾语从句。在that引导的该从句中，what we see on social media为主语从句。 [尝试翻译]　_但我们需谨记，我们在社交媒体上看到的，往往不是一个人的全部真面目。 课时精练(十)　Starting out & Understanding ideas－Comprehending (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Of all the things that will make life entirely happy，the greatest is the possession of friendship.One loyal friend is worth ten thousand relatives.Friends are very rare jewels，indeed.They make you smile and encourage you to succeed. On the first Sunday in August，it's time to recognize your friends and their contribution to your life.The first Sunday in August was fixed as National Friendship Day by the U．S.Congress in 1935，and remains a tradition observed in many countries and cultures.In 1997，the United Nations named Winnie the Pooh as the world's Ambassador of Friendship. Apparently，there are several friendship holidays，all of which fall on fixed dates. National Friendship Day is on the first Sunday in August. Women's Friendship Day is on the third Sunday in September. International Friendship Month is February. Old Friends, New Friends Week is the third week of May. People show their appreciation for friendship in various ways.Some expressions may be practical ones，such as flowers，particularly the pink friendship roses，cookies，chocolates，souvenirs from their vacations，a tape of favorite songs，farewell dinners，and welcome balloons. Recipe for Friendship 2 cups of patience，1 heart full of love，2 handfuls of generosity，2 cups of loyalty，1 cup of understanding，and a dash of laughter.Mix them all well.Spray generously over a lifetime and serve everyone you meet. Friendship helps to bring peace and positivity to the globe，another great reason to celebrate! Although our friends certainly deserve thanks on more than just one day of the year，what better day to honor them than Friendship Day! 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了友谊的重要性和几个关于友谊的假日。 1．Which of the following sayings supports the main idea of the first paragraph? A．Friendship cannot stand always on one side. B．A friend in need is a friend indeed. C．A friend without faults will never be found. D．A life without a friend is a life without a sun. D　[推理判断题。第一段的主要意思是：友谊是稀有的珍宝，友谊非常重要。D项谚语的意思是“人生没有朋友，犹如人生没有太阳”，所以选D。] 2．Which of the holidays happens first in a year? A．National Friendship Day. B．Women's Friendship Day. C．International Friendship Month. D．Old Friends，New Friends Week. C　[细节理解题。由这几个节日的时间“National Friendship Day is on the first Sunday in August.Women’s Friendship Day is on the third Sunday in September.International Friendship Month is February. Old Friends，New Friends Week is the third week of May.”可知，国际友谊月是一种最早开始的，所以选C。] 3．What is most needed to make friendship grow，develop and last? A．Inviting your friends over for a party. B．Looking on your friends as relatives. C．Honoring your friends on Friendship Day. D．Being loyal and generous to your friends. D　[细节理解题。由倒数第二段内容可知，对朋友最重要的是要忠诚和大方，所以选D。] 4．“Recipe for Friendship” here actually means ______． A．a prescription for curing friends B．a method of keeping a friendship C．the pleasure of having friends D．the importance of friendship B　[推理判断题。由倒数第二段内容可知，本段讲述了维持友谊的方法，所以选B。] B Elizabeth and I are 18 now，and about to graduate.I think about our elementary school friendship，but some memories have blurred(模糊).What happened that day in the fifth grade when Beth suddenly stopped speaking to me? Does she know that I've been thinking about her for seven years? If only we could go back，and discover what ended our relationship. I have to speak with Beth.I see her sometimes，and find out school is “fine”．It's not the same.It never will be.Someone says that she's Liz now.What happened to Beth? I can't call her.Should I write? What if she doesn't answer me? How will I know what she's thinking? Yes，I'll write her a letter.These things are easier to express in writing.“Dear Be ” no，“Dear Li ” no，“Dear Elizabeth，” I begin.The words flow freely，as seven­year­old memories are reborn.I ask her all the questions that have been left unanswered in my mind，and pray she will answer.I seal my thoughts in the perfect white envelope，and imagine Beth looking into the mailbox.Will she know why I'm writing? Maybe she once thought of writing the same letter. As the mailman takes my envelope from me forever，I wonder if I've made the right decision.Do I have the right to force myself into Beth's life again? Am I simply part of the past? I have taken the first step._Beth_has_control_of_the_situation_now. One day has passed.Are my words lying on the bottom of the post office floor. Two days are gone.I'm lost in thought and don't even hear the phone ring. “Hello? It's Elizabeth... ” 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和朋友Elizabeth之间的友谊。 5．What can we learn about Beth? A．She had a quarrel with the author in the fifth grade. B．She moved to another school in the fifth grade. C．She is now called Liz instead of Beth. D．She hasn't seen the author for seven years. C　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Someone says that she's Liz now.What happened to Beth？”可知，Beth现在已经改名叫Liz。故选C项。] 6．Why does the author decide to write a letter instead of calling? A．She is sure that Beth will not answer. B．She's afraid that they'll quarrel on the phone. C．She doesn't know Beth's telephone number. D．It is easier to express her feelings in writing. D　[细节理解题。根据第四段前两句“Yes，I’ll write her a letter.These things are easier to express in writing.”可知，写信比较容易表达。故选D项。] 7．What does the underlined sentence mean in the fifth paragraph? A．It's up to Beth to decide what to do next. B．Beth is to be blame for the ending of their friendship. C．Beth is in the same situation as the author is. D．The author is completely in the hands of Beth now. A　[句意理解题。根据第五段中的“Do I have the right to force myself into Beth's life again? Am I simply part of the past? I have taken the first step._Beth_has_control_of_the_situation_now.”可知，作者认为自己迈出了第一步给Beth写信，现在就看Beth要不要和作者联系了，因此画线句表示“现在由她来控制局面”。故选A项。] 8．What might happen at the end of the story? A．Beth answers the letter two days later. B．The letter doesn't reach Beth at all. C．They make up their friendship. D．Beth refuses to make peace with the author. C　[推理判断题。根据文章最后Beth给作者打电话回应可以推断，她们两个会冰释前嫌。故选C项。] C Girls can easily get sad.If your friend is feeling blue and calls you，what will you do？Here are some tips on how you can make her smile again. Listen to her.When people feel sad，they often have the feeling of needing to be heard.So，listen carefully to what she is saying and do nothing else.Your friend will surely thank you for being the shoulder she can cry on. Once you are done with listening，you can offer some advice or remain silent and let her feel everything and let it all out by crying.As a friend，you might think you should give her some advice.But if you have no idea about what to say，just remain silent and be there for her. In order to be able to help your friend in need，don't be sad for yourself.How can you help your friend when you are also feeling down? A hug can make a difference in the world.It makes you feel warm and special.A hug makes you feel safe.So give your friend a hug when she needs it the most. Spend more time with your friend who wants to be happy.Do things together like washing dishes，cleaning，or going out for fun.The more time you spend together，the stronger your friendship will become. Sometimes，it is much better that you avoid a crying friend in your life.But by doing so，you are also keeping your friend at a distance and will make her wonder if you are her true friend.If you are there when she needs you，your friendship will be much stronger. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当我们面对一个伤心难过的女性朋友时，我们该怎么做来帮助她重拾快乐，进而巩固彼此间的友谊。 9．The writer wrote this passage mainly to tell us________． A．why girls can easily get sad B．what to do when we are sad C．how to make new friends with girls D．how to make a sad female friend happy again D　[写作目的题。通读全文可知，作者主要告诉我们，当我们面对一个伤心难过的女性朋友时，我们该怎么做来帮助她重拾快乐。故选D。] 10．According to Paragraph 2，when a female friend is sad，what should we do? A．We should ask her why she feels sad. B．We should say something nice to her. C．We should spend time listening to her. D．We should give her some good advice. C　[细节理解题。作者在第二段主要告诉我们要倾听。故选C。] 11．What can we learn from the passage? A．Hugging a sad friend can make you feel warm and special. B．Your sad friend may feel much better if you are also sad. C．It's not a good idea to be silent facing a sad friend. D．Giving a hug to a sad friend is very helpful. D　[推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“A hug can make a difference in the world.”可推断，给一个伤心的朋友一个拥抱对她的帮助很大。故选D。] 12．In Paragraph 6，the writer mainly suggests that we ________． A．spend more time with our friends B．help our friends with their housework C．spend time with our friends every day D．ask our friends to take part in activities A　[推理判断题。根据第六段内容可知，作者认为我们应多花时间陪朋友，故选A。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Impressing an English teacher can not only make you get along better with him/her but also help you become more interested in English.To achieve it，you can impress your English teacher by doing all the reading.English teachers know many students dislike reading.__1__ Talking in class can also help impress an English teacher.When a teacher is leading a discussion，he/she would rather have someone say something wrong than say nothing at all.__2__ In the end，English teachers appreciate talkative students more，no matter how clever they really are. What's more，you can impress an English teacher by looking up words you don't know in the dictionary.__3__ Think of how many times English teachers ask you to look up words and how many times you or your classmates actually do it.If you want to get on a teacher's good side，be the first person to actually take his/her advice. To impress a teacher，figure out(弄清楚) what your teacher thinks about a particular book，and then write one of your papers disagreeing with that idea.Your teacher won't dislike you for having a different opinion.__4__ Your teacher will start to see you as a workmate rather than a student. Lastly，it's also good to stay after class to talk about the book you've been assigned(布置).__5__ A．Show that you actually took time to do the required reading. B．You'll show more interest than at least half of the class. C．Instead，he/she will be impressed that you paid enough attention to him/her. D．This only takes a few minutes，but it'll make your teacher think you're hardworking. E．So don't be afraid to say something even if you're unsure whether it's what the teacher is looking for. F．Showing interest in a book will make your English teacher think more highly of you. G．If you can prove that you aren't one of them，you will be liked by your English teacher. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。给英语老师留下深刻印象不仅能使你和老师相处融洽，还有助于你对英语更感兴趣，文章介绍了给英语老师留下深刻印象的几种方法。 1．G　[设空句的前一句是：英语老师知道很多学生不喜欢阅读。所以你要想给老师留下深刻印象，就要反其道而行之，你要表现出喜欢阅读，不做那大多数人中的一员(不喜欢读书)。选项G“如果你能证明你不是他们中的一个，你就会被英语老师喜欢。”切题，故选G。] 2．E　[作者给的第2个给老师留下深刻印象的方法是：要在课堂上发言。老师主持一个讨论时宁愿有人说一些错的，也不愿没人说话，所以既然是要给老师留下深刻印象，那就要发言和说话。选项E“不要害怕发言，即使你不确定你所说的是否是老师要找的内容。”切题，故选E。] 3．D　[作者给的第3个方法是：对不知道的字词要去查词典。老师总是要求学生查词典，而学生却不愿意去查，你查了，就站在了老师一边，接受了老师的建议，而查词典是要花时间的。选项D“这仅仅只需花几分钟时间，但能让老师认为你很用功。”能够承上启下，切题，故选D。] 4．C　[设空句的前一句是：老师不是不喜欢有不同观点的学生。选项C“相反，他/她会因你足够重视他/她而对你印象深刻。”中的副词instead，承接上句，切题，故选C。] 5．F　[设空句前提到了book，词汇复现，只有选项F中出现了book。谈谈老师布置给你阅读的书，表现出对书的兴趣，可以使老师对你有更好的评价，选项F“表现出对一本书的兴趣可以使英语老师对你有更高的评价。”切题，故选F。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$