Unit 2 Section Ⅱ Starting out & Understanding ideas －Language points-【金版新学案】2023-2024学年新教材高一英语必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Starting out & Understanding ideas－Language points [核心单词] 1．the title of the passage　　　 文章的题目 2．sculpt a sculpture 雕刻一座雕像 3．have the opposing view 持有相反的看法 4．a unique work of art 一件独特的艺术作品 [拓展单词] 1．behavior n．举止，行为→behave v．行为；表现 2．confusing adj.令人困惑的→confuse v．使困惑→confused adj.困惑的 3．alarm n．警报器；闹钟→alarming adj.使人惊恐的；令人惊慌的→alarmed adj.害怕的 4．reflect v．显示，反映→reflection n．反映；反射 5．creativity n．创造性，创造力→creative adj.创造(性)的→create v．创造 6．visible adj.看得见的，可见的→invisible adj.看不见的 [重点短语] 第一组　汉译英 1．烧毁，烧尽　　　　 　 _burn_up 2．烧毁 _burn_down 3．对……感到惊讶 wonder_at 4．说起；谈起 speak_of 第二组　英译汉 5．wind up 给(机械)上发条；使(活动、会议等)结束；摇动(把手等) 6．look out 向外看 7．fill in 填写(表格等)；填满 8．fill out 填写(表格等)；充实 [典型句式] 根据课文语境和汉语提示补全句子 1．have trouble(in) doing... 做……有困难 Have you ever asked yourself why people often have_trouble_learning_English(在学习英语方面有困难)? 2．not... until... 直到……才……；whether引导宾语从句 I hadn't,_until_one_day(没有过，直到有一天) my five­year­old son asked me whether there was ham in a hamburger. 3．neither ... nor... 既不……也不…… Neither_is_there_pine__nor_apple(既没有松树，也没有苹果) in pineapple. 4．“介词＋which”引导的定语从句 You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a_language_in_which(在这种语言里) a house can burn up as it burns down... 5．That is why... 那就是为什么…… And that_is_why(那就是为什么……) when I wind up my watch，it starts，but when I wind up this passage，it ends. 核心词汇精研 behavior　n．行为；举止 (教材原句)If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions, why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same? 如果harmless actions(无害的行为)是harmful actions(有害的行为)的反义词，为什么shameless behaviors(无耻的行为)和shameful behaviors(可耻的行为)是同义词呢？ (1)behave v. 　　　　 表现 behave well/badly to/towards sb. 对某人表现良好/糟糕 behave oneself 守规矩，表现得体 (2)well­ behaved adj. 表现好的 badly­behaved adj. 表现差的 [佳句]　Many parents are worried about the effect of smart phone on their children's behavior. 很多父母担心智能手机对孩子的行为所产生的影响。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 (1)He told his pupils to_behave(behave) well and not to chat while listening to a lecture. (2)It is not right for some parents to control the behavior (behave) of their children. ◎能力提升——同义表达 (3)My mother often reminds me to behave well in formal occasions and not to make a fool of myself. My mother often reminds me to_behave_myself in formal occasions and not to make a fool of myself. confusing　adj.令人困惑的 (教材原句)Even the smallest words can be confusing. 即使最简单的词也可能让人感到困惑。 (1)confuse v.　　　　　　 使迷惑；混淆 confuse... with/and... 把……和……混淆 (2)confusion n. 混乱；困惑 (3)confused adj. 困惑的 be confused about 对……迷惑不解 [佳句]　He used many terms in his speech which sounded confusing to the audience. 他在演讲中用了许多术语，使听众听了莫名其妙。 [名师点津] 动词­ing形式的形容词表示“事物”的性质和特征，意为“……的；令人……的”；动词­ed形式的形容词往往表示“人”所处的状态，常用来描述人，意为“感到……的”。另外，修饰face, look, expression, voice等时，常用动词­ed形式的形容词。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 (1)The confused look on his face suggested that he was confused about the confusing questions asked by his parents.(confuse) (2)To avoid confusion(confuse), the teams wore different colours. ◎能力提升——完成句子 (3)Confused_about_the_question,_the boy referred to the book for further explanation.　由于对这个问题感到困惑，男孩查阅了这本书以作进一步解释。 burn up　烧毁；烧尽 (教材原句)You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down... 你也一定对一门语言独特的疯狂感到诧异。在这门语言中，当一座房子“被烧毁”(burns down)时它就“烧毁”(burn up)了…… burn down　　　　　　 烧毁 burn out 烧坏；燃尽；筋疲力尽，耗尽体力 burn to the ground 烧毁 [佳句]　The quick action of the firemen prevented the building from being burned up. 消防队员行动及时使该建筑物免遭焚毁。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 (1)Do you know how much energy you will burn up during the relay race? (2)The tower, which was completed just a month ago, was burned to the ground last night. ◎能力提升——词汇升级 (3)If you often burn the midnight oil, you'll be exhausted. If you often burn the midnight oil, you'll burn_yourself_out． reflect　v．显示，反映 (教材原句)English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race. 英语是由人而不是电脑发明的，它反映了人类的创造力。 (1)reflect on/upon... 　 仔细考虑/沉思/反省…… (2)reflection n. 反映，表现；倒影，影像；思考，反省 upon / on reflection 经再三思考 [佳句]　 Reflecting on the days in high school, Tom realized that he had wasted too much time on those useless things. 回想高中时代，汤姆意识到他在那些无用的东西上浪费了太多时间。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 (1)Mary looked at her face reflected(reflect) in the lake. (2)Usually a child's behavior is a reflection(reflect) of his family environment. ◎能力提升——完成句子 (3)On_/_Upon_reflection,_we decided to change our plan. 经再三考虑，我们决定改变计划。 重点句型解构 句型公式：have trouble(in) doing ...做……有困难 (教材原句)Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning English? 你是否曾经问过自己为什么人们在学习英语方面有困难？ 句中have trouble doing sth.意为“做某事有困难、费力”，且doing 前面省略掉了in。其中trouble 为不可数名词，前面可用some, any, no, little等词来修饰。 表示“做某事有困难”的常见结构： have difficulty have trouble/problem (in) doing sth. have a hard time in doing sth. there's difficulty/trouble [佳句]　For him，there is no trouble answering such an easy question. 对于他来说，回答这样一个简单的问题毫不费力。 [名师点津] 在语法填空中，常将have trouble doing sth.句式中的trouble提前作先行词，因此定语从句中have后常为 doing形式。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 (1)You can't imagine what great difficulty we have ever had finding (find) the right person. (2)Whenever we have trouble with our studies, our teachers always help us patiently. (3)(2019·江苏卷)By then, Steve was having a hard time remembering(remember) the names of some of his friends. ◎能力提升——一句多译 (4)有当地向导带路，他们毫无困难地走出了森林。 ①With a local guide leading the way, they had_no_difficulty_walking_out_of_the_forest． ②With a local guide leading the way, they walked_out_the_forest_without_difficulty． 句型公式：neither引导倒装句 (教材原句)Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. pineapple(菠萝)里既无pine(松树)亦无apple(苹果)。 句中neither置于句首，句子用部分倒装。neither... nor... 意为“既不……也不……”，可以连接任意两个并列成分，连接两个主语时，谓语动词应遵循就近原则。 (1)“neither/nor＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”意为“既不……也不……”，表示前面否定的情况也适用于后者。 (2)连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则”的还有：either... or... ; not only... but also...；not... but... 等。 [佳句]　I haven't been to New York before and neither has Jane. 我以前没有去过纽约，简也没去过。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 (1)Neither his parents nor he has_visited(visit) his grandparents so far this month. (2)Tom does not do it, and neither/nor does Jack. ◎能力提升——句式升级 (3)Tom wasn't be invited to the party yesterday and his parents weren't either. Neither_Tom_nor_his_parents_were_invited to the party yesterday. 句型公式： That/This is why... 那/这是……的原因 (教材原句)That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible. 那就是为什么星星出来(out)时，它们可以被看到(visible)，但是当灯熄灭(out)后，它们不能被看到(invisible)。 句中“This/That is why... ”意为“这/那是……的原因”， 其中why引导表语从句， 表示结果。 (1)This/That/It is because... 这是/那是因为…… (because引导表语从句，表示原因) (2)The reason for (doing) sth./why... is that... 　……的原因是……(why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句，表示原因) [佳句]　Tom was ill. That was why he was absent from class. 汤姆病了，那就是他没来上课的原因。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 (1)John was absent from work. That was because his father was in hospital. (2)The reason why he was fired was that he couldn't speak fluent English. ◎能力提升——一句多译 (3)她很伤心，那是因为她儿子在一次事故中丧生了。 ①She was very sad. That_was_because her son was killed in an accident. ②Her son was killed in an accident.That_was_why she was very sad. ③The reason why_she_was_very_sad_was_that her son was killed in an accident. 维度一　单词拼写 1．Your clothes are often a reflection (反映) of your personality. 2．The rain forests are disappearing at an alarming(惊人的) rate. 3．He is too dependent on his parents and doesn't have creative (创造性的) ideas. 4．No one knows for sure why this plant is unique(独有的) to this area. 5．The house is clearly visible(可见的) from the beach，so it is not far from here. 6．After thinking carefully，Evelyn came up with several great titles(标题) for her book. 7．She's left a very confusing (困惑的)message on my phone.I can't understand what she wanted to say. 8．The figures were sculpted (雕刻) from single blocks of marble. 维度二　完成句子 1．He had a traffic accident last night. That_was_why_he_was_taken_to_the_hospital. 他昨晚出车祸了，那就是为什么他被送到了医院。 2．Don't worry if you have_any_trouble/difficulty(in)_learning/studying_Chinese，and just take your time. 学汉语有困难时不要担心，慢慢来。 3．He often reflects_on_what_he_learned in class after school. 放学后他经常反思在课堂上学的东西。 4．If you_behave_yourself，I'll let you see the film. 如果你守规矩，我就让你看电影。 5．He didn't attend the party，and neither_/_nor_did_his_wife. 他没参加聚会，他妻子也没参加。 课时精练(五)　Starting out & Understanding ideas－Language points (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [基础达标] 维度一　根据汉语提示或首字母填入单词的适当形式 1．She could see her face reflected(反映) in the water. 2．The mountains are invisible(看不见) because of the clouds. 3．This city filled with unique(独特的) buildings is a city for lovers of history, architecture and food. 4．You are so creative(创造性的)—I could never make my own clothes. 5．No cigarette is completely harmless(无害的)，so don't smoke. 6．—How can you wake up so early? —Set the alarm at 5：00 and you'll make it. 7．His poems were published under the title of “Love and Reason”． 8．It's bad behavior to smoke in public places where smoking isn't allowed. 9．I want to improve my English but I have trouble memorizing new words. 10．My friend has the opposing view and thinks that the war is immoral. 维度二　在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 1．The trip to that city was eye­opening for everyone, and near its end，all the young people in our group began to reflect on/upon_what it had meant. 2．The examples are unique to this dictionary，so it is worth buying. 3．The instructions on the box are so confusing(confuse) that I have to check them on the Internet. 4．He went to work late because he forgot to wind up the alarm last night. 5．Speaking(speak) of the big fire，I'd like to know the exact number of the injured. 6．Whenever we have trouble with our studies，our teachers always help us patiently. 7．It is reported that the old building dating from the early 1870s burned down/up last week. 8．A boy was drowned during the summer vacation，sounding the alarm on children safety. 9．Neither my parents nor my younger sister is(be) at home today. 10．He didn't finish his homework on time. That is why_he was punished by the teacher. 维度三　完成句子/词汇升级/同义转换/句型转换 1．I love learning new words, but I_am_confused_about_how_to_remember_them_well． 我喜欢学习新单词，但我对如何记忆单词感到困惑。(confuse) 2．Before I decide, I need time to think carefully about the problem. (词汇升级) Before I decide, I need time to reflect_on_/_upon the problem. 3．I had no difficulty in getting in touch with him. (同义转换) I got_in_touch_with_him_without_difficulty． 4．The parents were not satisfied with the result and their son wasn't either. (句型转换) Neither_the_parents_nor_their_son_was_satisfied_with_the_result. 5．Tom didn't attend the meeting because he was ill. (句型转换) Tom was ill and that_was_why_he_didn't_attend_the_meeting． The_reason_why_Tom_didn't_attend_the_meeting_was_that he was ill. 维度四　课文语法填空 Do you have any trouble 1.learning(learn) English better？Have you ever wondered why there is no ham in your hamburger and why you can't find any eggs in eggplant？Maybe this will get you thinking how English can be 2.a crazy language 3.to_learn(learn).We like to paint a painting，and we are traveling in the car 4.but/while we take 5.photos(photo) and travel 6.on the bus.When we see the rain，we say “it 7.is_raining(rain)” but no sunshining to use when seeing sunshine.The words are really 8.confusing(confuse).Such unique 9.madness(mad) can be seen almost everywhere 10.because English reflects the creativity of the human race. [素能提升] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Summer Courses 2019 San Diego Seaside College is offering one and two­week English summer courses for high school students from all over the world who want to improve their English.Classes are offered at five levels，from basic to advanced.Students will be tested when they arrive and placed in the level appropriate to their language ability.Each class has a maximum of 14 students. Tuition Fees(学费) One­week Course(July 26—August 1)：$310 Two­week Course(July 26—August 8)：$620 The full payment must be received before the beginning of the courses. Accommodations(食宿) We provide housing，including breakfast & dinner，7 days a week. Single room：$250 per week Twin room：$160 per person，per week.You should reserve your accommodations before May 15 and all the accommodation fees must be paid in full before June 15. How to Apply Fill out an application form and send it to us at esc @sdc.edu. Come to our college this summer and make yourself shine at English. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个暑假班的招生广告，包括招生对象、费用以及如何申请报名。 1．The aim of the courses is to help the high school students ________． A．learn English B．attend college C．visit some high schools D．travel to other countries A　[细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“San Diego Seaside College is offering one and two­week English summer courses for high school students from all over the world who want to improve their English.”可知，这个课程是帮助高中生学英语的。故选A。] 2．What are the tuition fees for the One­week Course? A．$160.　　　　　　　 B．$250. C．$310. D．$620. C　[细节理解题。根据Tuition Fees(学费)下面的内容“One­week Course(July 26— August 1)：$310”可知，一周课程的学费是310美元。故选C。] 3．If you want to apply for the course，you should ________． A．choose a college B．reserve a hotel room C．check with the teachers D．fill out a form and email it D　[细节理解题。根据How to Apply下面的“Fill out an application form and send it to us at esc @sdc.edu.”可知，如果你想参加这个课程，你需要填表并把它发送到对方的电子邮箱。故选D。] B My name is Lwazi Nzimande.I started my schooling at Thukeyana Primary Farm School in Underberg, KwaZulu Natal. I had a favourite teacher in primary school.Her name was Miss Dube.She taught me natural science and human and social sciences in grades six and seven, and had a way of pushing learners to be able to think for themselves.She made sure that each and every learner took part in every lesson.She used pictures, diagrams(图表) and other things to make learning easier and more unforgettable, moving at a pace that was suitable for all students.As a teacher, she showed patience, respect, open­mindedness, and reliability(可靠性).Now you see why she was my favourite teacher in primary school, don't you? In my opinion, patience, respect, open­mindedness, and reliability are some of the things that all teachers should have and show.A patient teacher is one who understands that some learners need more explanation than others to understand something in class.He or she should always be willing to help learners.An open­minded teacher will go beyond what is found in the textbook.A teacher who is respected will find it easy to control a class.Respect is earned through what a teacher says to learners or how he or she deals with them in general. Miss Dube often told us not to bad mouth or make fun of others. She also did so.She never bad­mouthed other teachers in front of us. Also, Miss Dube never made fun of her learners. She thought making fun of learners in front of others would hurt them and damage their confidence. Miss Dube was also very honest. From my point of view, that's also what a good teacher should be like. If she didn't have an answer to a question, she would let her learners know. This set a good example to the learners. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Miss Dube为什么是作者小学阶段最喜欢的老师。 4．Why was Miss Dube the author's favourite teacher in primary school? A．Because of her rich knowledge. B．Because of her good appearance. C．Because of her teaching style and character. D．Because of her lifestyle and attitude to students. C　[推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，本段主要介绍了Miss Dube的教学方式，又根据这一段中的“As a teacher, she showed patience, respect, open­mindedness, and reliability(可靠性).Now you see why she was my favourite teacher in primary school, don't you？”可知答案。] 5．What does the author think an open­minded teacher should do? A．Pay close attention to every student's improvement. B．Tell about something outside the textbook. C．Avoid believing everything in the textbook. D．Show great respect for her students. B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“An open­minded teacher will go beyond what is found in the textbook.”可知， 一位思想开明的老师不会仅仅局限于课本， 会讲一些课外的知识。] 6．What can we learn about Miss Dube from Paragraph 4? A．She liked praising her students. B．She was very confident in class. C．She got along well with other teachers. D．She set a good example to her students. D　[推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可知， Miss Dube经常教育学生不要说别人坏话或嘲笑别人，她自己也能以身作则，从不在学生面前说别的老师的坏话，也不取笑学生，给学生树立了一个良好的榜样。] 7．What does the underlined word“This”in the last paragraph mean? A．Being a very patient teacher. B．Answering students' questions. C．Being honest in front of students. D．Teaching students very difficult things. C　[代词指代题。根据文章末段中的“Miss Dube was also very honest.”以及“If she didn't have an answer to a question, she would let her learners know.”可知“This”是指在学生面前很诚实一事。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Life is filled with regrets. __1__ When we look back, we always wish that we had made better choices. Then what can we do to avoid future regrets? Make better plans. If you start to do something, you need to make a plan before doing it. The earlier, the better. __2__ You'll also know what you should do and what you shouldn't do. __3__ You can go around more often. More outdoor activities can keep you relaxed and active. You also need to be kind. “Thank you” can bring a smile to someone's face. Learn to say “sorry” and don't be angry with others. Find the right friend. A friend may make your life and can break your life as well. __4__ Good friends will always better your ideas. Never fear failure. Everybody fails. Even the greatest person failed. We should not fear failure, because failure is not the end of the road. __5__ Life is good. We don't have to live in our past, but we do hope that we can plan better, live better and work better when we have the chance to do so. A．Live a more active life. B．Almost all of us have no difficulty telling our regrets. C． We should take failure as a chance and improve ourselves. D． We had many dreams when we were young children. E． So you have to think twice when you choose a friend. F． Build up your confidence. G． You will know what comes first and what comes last. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向我们讲述了人生充满了遗憾，但可以做一些事来避免遗憾的发生。 1．B　[根据上一句“Life is filled with regrets.”可知，生活充满遗憾。故B项：Almost all of us have no difficulty telling our regrets.是对上文的进一步说明，故选B。] 2．G　[根据上文“If you start to do something, you need to make a plan before doing it. The earlier, the better.”可知，如果你开始做某事，你需要在做之前制定一个计划。越早越好。故G项：You will know what comes first and what comes last. 是早做计划的好处，符合本段文意。故选G。] 3．A　[根据本段内容“You can go around more often. More outdoor activities can keep you relaxed and active. You also need to be kind.”可知，要过更积极的生活，故选A。] 4．E　[根据前文“A friend may make your life and can break your life as well.可知朋友的重要，E项：So you have to think twice when you choose a friend.”符合文意，故选E。] 5．C　[根据前文“Everybody fails. Even the greatest person failed. We should not fear failure, because failure is not the end of the road.”可知，每个人都失败。即使是最伟大的人也失败过。我们不应该害怕失败，因为失败不是道路的终点。故C项：We should take failure as a chance and improve ourselves.承接上文，说明对待失败的态度。故选C。] Ⅲ.完形填空 Have you ever had problems in your life and don't know how to be happy? If so，you will find Being a Happy Teenager by Australian writer Andrew Matthews __1__． In his book，Matthews __2__ us how to have a happy life and answers the __3__ of teenagers. Matthews writes about many subjects in the book，such as parents and friends，and the book __4__ we should stop being angry and learn to forgive.The book tells us of useful skills __5__ how to put what you have learned into pictures of your mind to __6__ your memory better. Many teenagers think __7__ happiness comes from a good exam result，__8__ praise from other people.But you can still be happy even when there are no such “good” things.Success comes from a(n) __9__ attitude.If you __10__ from problems，you will have success in the future. Some school students have __11__ of being too tall or too short.But Matthews tells us that __12__ comes from thinking about things in a positive way.If you are tall，people notice you and you can get a __13__ view at the movie；if you are short，your clothes and shoes __14__ less room in your bedroom! This is Matthews' most important __15__：you choose to be happy! 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了澳大利亚作家安德鲁·马修斯所写的《做一个快乐的少年》这本书的内容。 1．A．wise　　　　　　　 B．smart C．useful D．simple C　[根据“In his book，Matthews ________ us how to have a happy life and answers the ________ of teenagers.”可知这里意思是你会发现澳大利亚作家安德鲁·马修斯的《做一个快乐的少年》很有用。故选C。] 2．A．orders B．tells C．asks D．argues B　[文中表示“告诉我们如何拥有幸福的生活”。故选B。] 3．A．problems B．ideas C．questions D．comments C　[与answer相呼应，表示“回答问题”。故选C。] 4．A．says B．writes C．reads D．thinks A　[文中表示“书中说我们应该停止生气，学会原谅”。故选A。] 5．A．for B．like C．at D．with B　[for因为；like像；at在；with和……在一起。下文在举例，故选B。] 6．A．make B．turn C．let D．change A　[make sth.＋形容词是固定结构。故选A。] 7．A．what B．how C．that D．whether C　[此处考查宾语从句，引导词在从句中不作任何成分，也没有实际意义，用that。故选C。] 8．A．for B．but C．so D．or D　[文中表示选择关系，故选D。] 9．A．bad B．good C．independent D．normal B　[根据生活常识可知，成功来自良好的态度。故选B。] 10．A．learn B．rescue C．struggle D．separate A　[文中表示“如果你从问题中学习”。故选A。] 11．A．experiences B．difficulties C．personalities D．problems D　[“太高或太矮”这是学生们经常会遇到的问题。故选D。] 12．A．success B．happiness C．failure D．height B　[句意为：但是马修斯告诉我们，快乐来源于以积极的方式思考问题。故选B。] 13．A．lower B．higher C．worse D．better D　[根据生活常识可知，一个人个子高，自然是在电影院能有一个更好(better)的视野。故选D。] 14．A．take B．spend C．cover D．cost A　[文中表示“占的空间就少”。故选A。] 15．A．work B．lesson C．teaching D．study B　[句意为：这是马修斯最重要的一课：你选择快乐。故选B。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$