Unit 2 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas－Comprehending-【金版新学案】2023-2024学年新教材高一英语必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版2019）

Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas－Comprehending …………………………………………………………………………………◎ ①have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难 ②ham/hæm/n.火腿 ③eggplant/'eɡplɑːnt/n.茄子 ④pine/paɪn/n.松树 ⑤pineapple/'paɪnæpl/n.菠萝 ⑥sculpt/skʌlpt/v.雕刻，雕塑 sculpture/'skʌlptʃə/n.雕像，雕刻品，雕塑作品 ⑦seasick/'siːsɪk/adj.晕船的 airsick/'eəsɪk/adj.晕机的 carsick/'kɑːsɪk/adj.晕车的 homesick/'həʊmsɪk/adj.想家的 ⑧speaking of...讲起……，说到…… ⑨opposite/'ɒpəzɪt/n.对立的人(或物)，对立面 adj.相反的；对面的 opposing/ə'pəʊzɪŋ/adj.(观点，意见等)相反的，对立的 oppose/ə'pəʊz/v.反对，抵制 ⑩harmless/'hɑːmləs/adj.无害的，不会导致损伤的 harmful/'hɑːmfl/adj.有害的；导致损害的 ­ful是形容词后缀，表示“充满……的，有……倾向的，有……性质的”，常用在名词后构成形容词。 ­less是形容词后缀，表示“无……的，缺……的，没有……的”，常用在名词后构成形容词。 ⑪shameless/'ʃeɪmlɪs/adj.无耻的，没廉耻的 shameful/'ʃeɪmfl/adj.可耻的，丢脸的 ⑫behavior/bɪ'heɪvjə(r)/n.举止，行为 ⑬confusing/kən'fjuːzɪŋ/adj.令人困惑的 confused/kən'fjuːzd/adj.困惑的(修饰人) ⑭capitalized/'kæpɪtəlaɪzed/adj.大写的，把……首字母大写；为……提供运营资本 ⑮wonder/'wʌndə(r)/v.感到诧异，非常惊讶；想知道 n．惊讶；奇迹 wonder at对……感到诧异 (it's)no wonder that...……不足为奇/并不奇怪 ⑯unique/juː'niːk/adj.独一无二的，独特的 ⑰madness/'mædnəs/n.疯狂；愚蠢的 行为 ­ness是名词后缀，常用在形容词后，构成名词。 ⑱burn up烧毁，烧尽 burn down烧毁 ⑲fill in 填写(表格等) fill out 填写(表格等) ⑳alarm/ə'lɑːm/n.警报器；闹钟 reflect/rɪ'flekt/v.显示；反映 creativity/kriːeɪ'tɪvɪti/n.创造性，创造力 creative/kri'eɪtɪv/adj.创造(性)的，有创造力的 human race人类 visible/'vɪzɪb(ə)l/adj.看得见的，可见的 invisible/ɪn'vɪzɪb(ə)l/adj.看不见的 否定前缀in­放在形容词前，构成其反义词，意为“不……的，非……的”。 wind/waɪnd/v.摇动(把手等)，给(机械)上发条 wind up 给(机械)上发条；使(活动、会议等)结束 ◎………………………………………………………………………………… Neither Pine nor Apple in Pineapple 1．Have you ever asked yourself why people often have trouble learning① English？I hadn't，until one day my five­year­old son asked me whether there was ham② in a hamburger.[1]There isn't.This made me realize that there's no egg in eggplant③ either.Neither is there pine④ nor apple in pineapple⑤.[2] This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language to learn. [3] [1]整个句子是“not...until...”句式。“I hadn't”是“I hadn't asked myself”的省略形式，until引导时间状语从句。在该时间状语从句中，whether引导的从句作ask的直接宾语，whether在此意为“是否”。 [2]“neither...nor...”是并列连词，意为“既不……又不……”；此处否定词Neither位于句首，故句子用倒装结构 [3]句中how引导的从句作thinking的宾语。句中“got me thinking”是“get＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，此处用现在分词thinking作宾语补足语 2．For example，in our free time we can sculpt⑥ a sculpture and paint a painting，but we take a photo.And when we are traveling we say that we are in the car or the taxi，but on the train or bus！While we're doing all this traveling，we can get seasick⑦ at sea，airsick in the air and carsick in a car，but we don't get homesick when we get back home.[4]And speaking of⑧ home，why aren't homework and housework the same thing? [4]本句为由并列连词but引导的并列复合句。第一个分句中，while引导时间状语从句；第二个分句中，when引导时间状语从句 3．If “hard” is the opposite⑨ of “soft”，why are “hardly” and “softly” not an opposing pair？If harmless⑩ actions are the opposite of harmful actions，why are shameless⑪ and shameful behaviors⑫the same? 4．When we look out of the window and see rain or snow，we can say “it's raining” or “it's snowing”．But when we see sunshine，we can't say “it's sunshining”． 5．Even the smallest words can be confusing⑬.When you see the capitalized⑭“WHO” in a medical report，do you read it as the “who” in “Who's that？”[5]What about “IT” and “US”？ 6．You also have to wonder⑮ at the unique⑯ madness⑰ of a language in which a house can burn up⑱ as it burns down，in which you fill in⑲ a form by filling it out，and in which an alarm⑳ is only heard once it goes off [6]! [5]When引导时间状语从句，主句中含有as引导的方式状语从句，as后省略了主语和谓语you read。过去分词capitalized在从句中作定语，修饰“WHO”。 [6]三个“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句修饰先行词a language。在第一个定语从句中，as引导时间状语从句；第三个定语从句中，once引导时间状语从句 7．English was invented by people，not computers，and it reflects the creativity of the human race.That is why when the stars are out，they are visible，but when the lights are out，they are invisible[7]．And that is why when I wind up my watch，it starts，but when I wind up this passage，it ends. [7]That is why...意为“这就是……的原因”，为固定句型。此句型中why引导的是表语从句 菠萝里既无松树亦无苹果 1．你是否曾问过自己为什么人们学英语时经常会遇到困难？我一直没问过这个问题，直到有一天我五岁的儿子问我hamburger(汉堡)里是否有ham(火腿)。没有。这让我意识到eggplant(茄子)里也没有egg(蛋)；pineapple(菠萝)里既没有pine(松树)也没有apple(苹果)。这让我不禁思考，英语真是一门疯狂的语言。 2．例如，在空闲时间我们可以sculpt a sculpture(雕刻一件雕塑品)，paint a painting(画一幅画)，但是要说take a photo(拍一张照片)。旅行时，我们说我们in the car(在小汽车里)或in the taxi(在出租车里)，但是要说on the train(在火车上)或on the bus(在公共汽车上)！旅游期间，我们可能会在海(sea)上晕船(seasick)、在空(air)中晕机(airsick)、在汽车(car)上晕车(carsick)，但回到家(home)时不会“晕家”(homesick的实际意思为“想家的”)。说到家，为什么homework(家庭作业)和housework(家务劳动)不是一回事呢？ 3．如果“hard”(坚硬的)是“soft”(柔软的)的反义词，为什么“hardly”(几乎不)和“softly”(柔软地)却不是一对反义词呢？如果harmless actions(无害的行为)是harmful actions(有害的行为)的反义词，为什么shameless behaviors(无耻的行为)和shameful behaviors(可耻的行为)是同义词呢？ 4．当我们向窗外看去，看到rain(雨)或snow(雪)时，我们可以说“it's raining”(下雨了)或“it's snowing”(下雪了)，但我们看到sunshine(阳光)时，我们不能说“it's sunshining”(下阳光了)。 5．即使最简单的词也可能让人感到困惑。在医学报告中看到大写的“WHO”(世界卫生组织)时，你会将它理解为“Who's that？”(那是谁)中的“who”(谁)吗？那么“IT”和“US”呢？ 6．你也一定对一门语言独特的疯狂感到诧异。在这门语言中，当一座房子“被烧毁”(burns down)时它就“烧毁”(burn up)了；你通过“填写它”(filling it out)的方式“填写表格”(fill in a form)；闹钟只有在它响起(goes off)时才被听到！ 7．英语是由人而不是电脑发明的，它反映了人类的创造力。那就是为什么星星出来(out)时，它们可以被看到(visible)，但是当灯熄灭(out)后，它们不能被看到(invisible)。那也是为什么当我给手表wind up(上紧)发条时，它开始走，但是当我wind up(结束)这篇文章时，它就到结尾了。 一、整体理解 Ⅰ.The main idea of the passage is that_English_is_interesting_and_creative． Ⅱ.Read the passage quickly and fill in the following blanks with suitable words. 二、细节理解 Read the text carefully and choose the best answers. 1．What's the purpose of all the examples given in the passage? A．To reflect the creativity of the human race. B．To prove the difficulty of learning English. C．To explain how to learn English. D．To introduce the history of English. 2．How does the author develop the passage? A．By providing examples. B．By making comparisons. C．By following the way of spelling. D．By following the order of importance. 3．The phrase “speaking of” in Para.2 can be replaced by the phrase “________” in Unit 1. A．dealing with　　　　　 B．referring to C．turning around D．taking up 4．Why does the author say “English was invented by people”？ A．Because the English words show everything around us. B．Because the language helps us communicate with others. C．Because the language proves how creative human being is. D．Because the English words are unique in the world. 5．What do we know from the last paragraph? A．Words always have the same meanings. B．Words can't always describe what we feel. C．Words sometimes confuse us. D．Words can mean differently in different situations. 答案：　AABCD 三、品质升华 1．Why do people often have trouble learning English? Because_many_words_have_puzzling_meanings,_which_makes_it_a_crazy_language_to_learn． 2．Why are shameless and shameful behaviors are the same? Because_shameless_and_shameful_have_the_same_meaning. 3．While coming across the confusing words and phrases, what do you often do? By_referring_to_a_dictionary_and_asking_my_English_teacher. 四、难句解构 1．Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple. [句式分析]　本句是一个倒装句，正常的语序应该为“There_is_neither_pine_nor_apple_in_pineapple.”。 当否定词或具有否定意义的词放在句首时，通常会引起句子的部分倒装。neither... nor... 既不……也不……，连接两个并列成分。 [尝试翻译]　pineapple(菠萝)里面既没有pine(松树)，也没有apple(苹果)。 2．You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down... [句式分析]　本句为主从复合句。主句为You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language；in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词language。 [尝试翻译]　你也会对英语这门语言独有的疯狂感到惊奇。在英语里，房子烧成灰烬时，可以说burn_up，也可以说burn_down…… 3．That is why when the stars are out，they are visible，but when the lights are out，they are invisible. [句式分析]　本句中why引导表语从句，在该从句中含有由并列连词but连接的两个复合句，其中的when引导时间状语从句。 [尝试翻译]　那就是为什么星星出现的时候我们能看到星星，而灯光熄灭的时候我们却看不到灯光。 课时精练(四)　Starting out & Understanding ideas－Comprehending (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Although English is not as old as Chinese，it is spoken by many people around the world every day.English speakers are always creating new words，and we are often able to know where most words come from. Sometimes，however，no one may really know where a word comes from.Did you ever think about why hamburgers are called hamburgers，especially when they are not made with ham? About a hundred years ago，some men went to America from Europe.They came from a big city in Germany called Hamburg.They did not speak good English，but they ate good food.When some Americans saw them eating round pieces of beef，they asked the Germans what it was.The Germans did not understand the question and answered，“We come from Hamburg.” One of these Americans owned a restaurant，and had an idea.He cooked some round pieces of beef like those which the men from Hamburg ate.Then he put each between two pieces of bread and started selling them.Such bread came to be called “hamburgers”．Today “hamburgers” are sold in many countries around the world. Whether this story is true or not，it is certainly interesting.Knowing why any word has a certain meaning is interesting，too.This reason，for most English words，can be found in any large English dictionary. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了每个英语单词的含义都有一个故事，文章介绍了“hamburger”这个单词的来历。 1．According to the writer，English is ________． A．as old as Chinese　　　　 B．older than German C．not so old as Chinese D．very difficult to learn C　[细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句“Although English is not as old as Chinese，it is spoken by many people around the world every day.”可知，英语没有汉语那么古老。故选C。] 2．What do we know from the story? A．Few Americans like hamburgers. B．Hamburgers were made by Germans. C．Hamburgers are made with ham. D．Hamburgers were first sold about a century ago. D　[细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句“About a hundred years ago，some men went to America from Europe.”及后文内容可知，汉堡包第一次被销售是在100年前。故选D。] 3．Which of the following can often be found in any large English dictionary based on Para.3? A．Where all the words came from. B．Where those Germans came from. C．The reason why a word has a certain meaning. D．The reason why English is spoken around the world. C　[细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“This reason，for most English words，can be found in any large English dictionary.”可知，任何英语大字典里面都会有一个单词有某个含义的故事。故选C。] 4．According to the story，the word “hamburger” comes from ________． A．China because it has a long history B．England because Germans don't speak good English C．the round pieces of beef which those people from Hamburg were eating D．the city of Hamburg in Germany C　[细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，“hamburger”这个词来源于来自Hamburg的人吃的圆片的牛肉。故选C。] B Guess what former Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd，Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg and United States president Donald Trump's granddaughter，Arabella Kushner，have in common? They both study Chinese as a second language. Although Chinese is known as one of the hardest languages to learn，a lot of people from different backgrounds are studying it with hopes of big benefits. Nov.2 saw more than 120 people，coming from 105 countries，compete in the finals of the 12th “Chinese Bridge” Chinese Proficiency Competition for foreign secondary school students.Held in Zhengzhou，Henan Province，the finals were mainly made up of speech contests and talent shows.The contestants also visited the Shaolin Temple，Longmen Grottoes and other historical sites in Henan. While reasons for learning Chinese were different，a common one was interest in the country's rich culture and rapid development. Raissa，17，from the Union of the Comoros，developed a strong emotional connection with China after her grandmother was cured by doctors of the Chinese medical team in Africa three years ago.This led her to learn Chinese at a local Confucius Institute. Fascinated by Chinese culture，the competitor has taken part in activities on traditional Chinese medicine and folk arts during her first trip to China.“My dream is to study medicine in China so that I could cure patients like the Chinese doctors did，” she said. For Fekete Marcell Zoltan，17，from the Hungarian Chinese Bilingual School，studying Chinese may secure him a future job as a Hungarian diplomat(外交官) to China.“After graduating from high school，I would like to further my studies in China，” he said. Robert Davis，director of the Chinese language program in Chicago's public school system，may give you a hint.“Chinese isn't the new French.It's the new English，which is widely used all over the world，” he told CGTN. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了汉语变得越来越受欢迎这一现象。 5．Why are Mark Zuckerberg and Arabella Kushner mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To show Chinese is popular. B．To introduce them to the readers. C．To tell the readers they love China. D．To stress the importance of learning Chinese. A　[推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“They both study Chinese as a second language.”可知，文章提到前澳大利亚首相Kevin Rudd，脸谱 CEO Mark Zuckerberg和川普的孙女Arabella Kushner，是为了突出他们都在学汉语，从而表明汉语很流行，所以选A。] 6．The underlined word “Fascinated” in Paragraph 6 can be replaced by “________”． A．Attracted B．Employed C．Inspected D．Appreciated A　[词义猜测题。根据第六段可知，由于被中国文化吸引，这名参赛者参加各种有关中医以及民间艺术的活动。所以fascinated表示“被吸引”，所以选A。] 7．What is the common reason for the competitors to learn Chinese? A．It's easy to learn. B．They want to become a doctor. C．They hope for a good job after graduation. D．They have interest in China's culture and rapid development. D　[细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容可知，这些参赛者们学习汉语的共同原因是他们对中国文化和发展感兴趣，所以选D。] 8．What is Robert Davis' attitude to learning Chinese? A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Indifferent. D．Upset. B　[观点态度题。根据文章最后一段Robert Davis说的“Chinese isn't the new French.It's the new English，which is widely used all over the world... ”可知，他认为汉语将会像英语一样在全世界广泛应用，所以他对学习汉语的态度是支持的，所以选B。] C China's hot word，tuhao，may be in Oxford English Dictionary. In Chinese，tu means rude and hao means rich.In recent years，people use this term to describe those who spend money in an unreasonable way.The word became more popular with Apple's gold colored iPhone，which is loved by China's rich people.The color became known as “tuhao golden”．The word is now often used to refer to people who have money but lack taste. There are two other Chinese hot words: dama and No Zuo No Die，which may also be taken in the dictionary.Dama，meaning middle aged women，was first used in the Western media by the Wall Street Journal.Thousands of Chinese women were buying a large amount of gold when the gold price had gone down.Another phrase No Zuo No Die，meaning if you don't do stupid things，they won't come back to bite you，is also very popular.Other words，such as Maotai，Chinglish and dim sum have also been included in the dictionary. BBC World News recently made a special program called “Tuhao，let's be friends！”“The frequent use of Chinglish by foreign media suggests that foreign people are looking more to the lifestyle and popular culture of China，” says Zhang Yiwu，professor of Beijing University. What does this trend suggest about the Chinese language's influence? Xing Hongbing，a professor from Beijing Language and Culture University (BLCU) said，“These show that Chinglish is now being accepted by the rest of the world and they play important roles in daily life of Chinese.Behind these Chinglish words and phrases is the Chinese culture.They are reflections of the changes and trends in the Chinese society and they help people from other countries to understand what's happening in China.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了时下一些中国热词如“土豪”“大妈”和“不作不会死”等词的意思及出处，并且这些词汇有可能被收入牛津英语词典。这表明“中式英语”正被全世界所接受。这些热词不仅反映了中国社会的潮流和趋势，而且帮助世界上其他国家了解中国。 9．Which of the following words is NOT a hot Chinglish word? A．Dama. B．Karaoke. C．Tuhao. D．Dim sum. B　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“China's hot word，tuhao”、第三段中的“There are two other Chinese hot words: dama and No Zuo No Die”和“Other words，such as Maotai，Chinglish and dim sum have also been included in the dictionary.”可知，时下一些中国热词不包括Karaoke，故选B。] 10．Why does the word “dama” become so popular? A．Because they are wealthy middle aged women. B．Because they bought gold crazily when the price was down. C．Because they made the gold price up. D．Because they worked on the Wall Street. B　[细节理解题。根据第三段“Thousands of Chinese women were buying a large amount of gold when the gold price had gone down.”可知，当黄金价格下降时，这些中国“大妈”疯狂购买黄金。故选B。] 11．According to the passage，Xing Hongbing agreed that ________． A．foreigners want to know more about the culture of China from Chinglish B．Chinglish hot words tell some funny things about China C．Chinglish plays important roles in daily life of Chinese D．Chinglish hot words are so vivid that people like using them a lot C　[细节理解题。最后一段中的“These show that Chinglish is now being accepted by the rest of the world and they play important roles in daily life of Chinese.”表明，中式英语正被世界各国所接受，并在中国人的日常生活中发挥着重要作用。由此可知，中式英语在中国人的日常生活中起着重要作用。故选C。] 12．What's the purpose of writing this article? A．To describe the hot words in Oxford English Dictionary. B．To explain the meanings of some Chinese hot words. C．To describe the use of Chinglish hot words and their influence. D．To show the different opinions about Chinglish hot words. C　[写作目的题。本文主要讲述了时下一些中国热词的意思及出处，这些热词不仅反映了中国社会的潮流和趋势，而且帮助世界上其他国家了解中国。故选C。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 How to Improve Your English Define your learning objectives early: what do you want to learn and why? Make learning a habit.__1__ It is much better to study (or read，or listen to English news，and so on) for 10 minutes each day than to study for 2 hours once a week. Choose your materials well.You will need reading，grammar，writing，speaking and listening materials—beginners can use a basic level English guide，and then move on to an advanced level English guide.__2__ It will make learning more enjoyable—thus more effective. Vary your learning routine.It is best to do different things each day to help keep the various relationships between each area active.__3__ __4__ Learning English together can be very encouraging.You can find friends to speak English on the Internet. Relate grammar to practical usage.Grammar by itself does not help you use the language.You should practice what you are learning by employing it actively. Move your mouth! Understanding something doesn't mean that the muscles of your mouth can produce the sounds.__5__ It may seem strange，but it is very effective. Be patient with yourself.Remember that learning is a process—speaking a language well takes time.It is not a computer that is either on or off! A．The Internet is the most exciting，unlimited English resource. B．Try to learn something every day. C．Practice speaking what you are learning aloud. D．In other words，don't just study grammar. E．Find your own interests. F．Choose articles that relate to what you are fond of. G．Find friends to study and speak with. 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几种有效提高英语的方法。 1．B　[根据空后“It is much better to study (or read，or listen to English news，and so on) for 10 minutes each day than to study for 2 hours once a week.”可知，每天学习10分钟比集中学习效果好。选项B“试着每天学点东西”与空后一句意思相符。故选B项。] 2．F　[此段的主题句是“Choose your materials well.”选项F意为“选择与你喜欢的内容相关的文章”，Choose articles和Choose your materials是词义重复。故选F项。] 3．D　[空前一句提出“It is best to do different things each day... (最好每天做不同的事情……)”，选项D“换句话说，不要只是学习语法”顺承上一句。故选D项。] 4．G　[根据空后“Learning English together”和“find friends to speak English”可推断主题句是“Find friends to study and speak with.”。故选G项。] 5．C　[根据主题句“Move your mouth！”可知，此段强调开口说英语，选项C“大声地练习说出你正在学的东西”与主题句相符。故选C项。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$