基本句型及句子种类.基本句型及句子种类学习任务单-2023-2024学年初高中衔接

初高中衔接 第二章 基本句型及句子种类 第一节 基本句型 所谓基本句型就是句子结构的几种基本格局，也就是各种句子的结构雏形。现代英语 的基本句型主要有五种： 1. 主+谓 在“主+谓”结构中，谓语动词通常为不及物动词。如： Birds fly. Everybody laughs. The clients have left. The sun is rising. My friends will come. 2. 主+谓+表 在“主+谓+表”结构中，谓语动词通常为系动词。如： I am happy. The soup tastes delicious. You look beautiful. My brother has become a lawyer. They seem satisfied. Shares in the industry proved a poor investment. We should keep calm. 3. 主+谓+宾 在“主+谓+宾”结构中，谓语动词通常为及物动词，及物动词后面必须接宾语。如： I like apples. They need help. Who won the game? Nobody can solve the problem. 4. 主+谓+宾+宾 在“主+谓+宾+宾”结构中，谓语动词为须接两个宾语的及物动词。如： We give him a surprise. My aunt bought me a book. Please show me the way. I will leave you a message. 5. 主+谓+宾+补 在“主胃+宾+补”结构中；谓语动词为及物动词且后面必须跟宾语和宾语补足语如： We elect him monitor. They painted the wall white. Your decision made Rose unhappy. 在上述基本句型中, 任何一个成分都是句子的必要成分，缺少任何一个都会破坏结构的 完整性。也就是说，主语、谓语、表语、宾语、补语是句子不可缺少的成分，而定语、状语、同位语则通常不是。但需要注意的是，有少数几个动词在用于“主+谓”或“主+谓+宾”结构中， 后面必须要接状语，否则会意义不明。如： I live in Shanghai. They stay in that hotel. Peter will fly to New York. I put the book on the table. The waiter treated us politely. 第二节句子种类 句子按其结构形式，可以分为简单句、并列句和复杂句。 1. 简单句是只包含一对主谓结构的句子。如： The students have made great progress. Our manager can speak French. The little boy is playing in the garden. I know little about his decision. 2. 并列句是由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来的句子。其结构为“简单 句+并列连词+简单句”。常见的并列连词有and, but, or, so, for, as well as, not only... but also… , neither …nor…, either….or…等如： Have another try, and maybe you will win the free tickets to Italy. The cinema in our neighborhood is old and small, but theirs is big and modern. Be careful, or you will break that vase! Jack worked very hard at every subject, so he gained a scholarship last term. He not only knows her，but also they are good friends. Tom neither has long hair, nor does he wear jeans. 3.复杂句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。复杂句包括:状语从句、定语从句、名词性从句。如： If I have time tomorrow, I will go shopping with you. The roast beef cooked by Mum seems so attractive that my mou