2023-2024学年初高中衔接英语语法第一讲 句子成分 讲义

语法第一讲 句子成分 构成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。句子成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状 语、补语和同位语。 主语 主语是句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、 名词化的形容词、主语从句等充当。如： Walls have ears. 名词作主语 He has done his best. 代词作主语 Two will be enough. 数词作主语 To see is to believe. 不定式作主语 Reading is beneficial. 动名词作主语 The old should pay attention to their daily diet. 名词化的形容词作主语 Whether he can get promoted remains to be seen.主语从句 谓语 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语由动词充当，一般位于主语的后面。谓语可分为简单谓语(由一个动词或动词短语构成)和复合谓语（由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成）。如： Action speaks louder than words. 简单谓语 They may lose the golden chance. 复合谓语 The police will investigate the case further. 复合谓语 表语 表语用以说明主语的身份、性质和状态，一般位于系动词之后。表语可由名词、代词、形 容词、现在/过去分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句等充当。如：My uncle is a doctor. 名词作表语 It’s mine. 代词作表语 The food here tastes delicious. 形容词作表语 This book is interesting. 现在分词作表语 I’m tired. 过去分词作表语 The number of the students in our class is forty. 数词作表语 My dream is to become a teacher. 不定式作表语 Tom’s hobby is playing basketball. 动名词作表语 Your advice may be of help to others. 介词短语作表语 The lights are on. 副词作表语 The question is who can do the job. 表语从句 宾语 宾语表示动作的对象或承受者。一般位于及物动词和介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词、宾语从句等充当。如： He bought a car. 名词作宾语 The police have arrested him. 代词作宾语 Give me two please. 代词/数词作宾语 He pretends to be sleeping. 不定式作宾语 We enjoy swimming. 动名词作宾语 The girl always helps the poor. 名词化的形容词作宾语 We should discuss how we can solve the problem. 宾语从句 定语 定语用以修饰名词、代词、短语或句子。定语一般由形容词、名词、名词所有格、数间、代词、不定式、分词、动名词、介词短语、定语从句等充当。如： She is a modest girl. 形容词作定语 We prefer women trainers. 名词作定语 Peter’s father is a lawyer. 名词所有格作定语 The book has twelve chapters. 数词作定语 What’s your opinion? 代词作定语 I have nothing to eat. 不定式作定语 Don’t disturb the sleeping boy. 分词作定语 Let’s go to the swimming pool. 动名词作定语 The man on the stage is our manager. 介词短语作定语 I am really fond of the project that he has introduced to us. 定语从句 状语 状语用以修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子。状语一般由副词、名词（或名词词组）、不定 式、分词、介词短语、状语从句等充当。如： They always work hard. 副词作状语 Wait a minute! 名词作状语 We should serve people heart and soul. 名词词组作状语