内容正文:
动词的时态和语态
Tense & Voice
人教版英语·必修第一册
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一、被动语态(passive voice)
1.结构:
be+及物动词过去分词
The game is played by us.
I am attracted by English.
2.使用注意:
a.“感官动词或使役动词+宾语+省略to的动词不定式(宾补)”→
be+感官动词或使役动词的过去分词+带to的动词不定式
A girl saw my wallet drop.
→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl .
人教版英语·必修第一册
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使役动词:使役动词表示一种引起发生的动作。换句话说,当我为自己做了一件事时,我就让它发生,或者我实际上什么都不做,而是请别人替我做。这就是使役动词的意义。
五看:look,see,watch,notice,observe
三使:have,make,let
两听:hear,listen to
一感觉:feel
半帮助:help
人教版英语·必修第一册
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b. 接双宾语的动词改为被动语态
直接宾语(物)作主语 → 动词后要用介词(固定搭配)
例: He gave me a book.
→
My father bought me a new bike.
→
A book was given to me by him.
A new bike was bought for me by my father.
人教版英语·必修第一册
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二、时态(tense)
人教版英语·必修第一册
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一、一般现在时
1.一般现在时结构:
常以动词原形表示,但当主语是第三人称单数时,动词词尾加s或es。
She is an engineer.
I always watch TV at 8:00 in the evening.
He has breakfast at 6:00 every day.
人教版英语·必修第一册
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2.适用条件:
(1)经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态,通常与always,often,usually,every day,sometimes,once a week 等时间状语连用。
They go home once a week.
We are cute.
(2)表客观事实或普遍真理。
The light travels faster than the sound.
人教版英语·必修第一册
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(3) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替将来时。
If you come this afternoon,we'll have a meeting.
When you come back, I'll tell you all about it.
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1.The sun always (rise) in the east.
2.He often (wash) his clothes on Sundays.
3.We will start as soon as our team leader (come).
rises
washes
comes
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二、一般过去时
1.使用条件:表示在过去的动作或存在的状态,通常与表示过去的时间状语yesterday,last night...连用
I was sleepy last class.
I played games during the holiday.
2.结构:主语+动词过去式+其他
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人教版英语·必修第一册
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动词过去式不规则变化(见书最后几页):
AAA型:cost-cost-cost,cut-cut-cut
AAB型:beat-beat-beaten
ABA型:become-became-become
ABB型:get-got-got
ABC型:begin-began-begun sing-sang-sung know-knew-known grow-grew-grown
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三、现在进行时
1.现在进行时表示:
a.现在或现在这段时间正在进行的动作。通常与now,at present 等时间状语连用。
We are waiting for yo