内容正文:
Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage
[对应学生用书P86]
同位语从句
观察下面的句子,说出黑体词起什么作用。
1.The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes.
2.I made a promise that I would make him happy.
3.He hasn't made the decision whether he will go there.
[自我归纳]
(1)句1~3中,黑体词均引导同位语从句,用来解释说明前面名词的具体内容;
(2)句1~2中,连接词that无实际意义,但不能省略;句3中连接词 whether意为“是否”。
一、同位语从句的定义
1.在主从复合句中,在句中作某一名词尤其是抽象名词的同位语,一般位于该名词之后,说明该名词的具体内容的从句叫同位语从句。
2.能跟同位语从句的名词一般是fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,wish,promise,answer,evidence,report,explanation,suggestion,conclusion等抽象名词。
The fact that she hadn't said anything surprised us all.
她什么也没说的事实让我们大家都很惊讶。
I have no idea what he is doing now.
我不知道他现在在干什么。
He raised a question where we would have our meeting.
他提出我们将在哪里举行会议的疑问。
二、同位语从句的连接词及用法
1.从属连词that,whether等。
(1)如果同位语从句意义完整,应用that引导同位语从句。that不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,但是不可省略。
I don't like the idea that money is everything.
我不喜欢认为金钱就是一切的观点。
The news came that they had won the game.
他们赢得比赛的消息传来了。
(2)如果同位语从句意义不完整,需要表示“是否”之意时,应用whether引导同位语从句。whether引导同位语从句时,在从句中不充当成分,但有“是否”之意(if不能引导同位语从句)。
We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.
我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。
2.连接副词how,why,where,when等。
如果同位语从句意义不完整,需要表示“什么时候”“什么地点”“什么方式”等意时,应用when,where,how等词引导同位语从句,并在从句中充当状语。
I have no idea when he will be back.
我不知道他什么时候回来。
We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
到哪儿去过暑假,这个问题我们还没有决定。
3.连接代词what,who,which等。
如果同位语从句意义不完整,需要表示“什么”“哪一个”“谁”等意时,应用what,which,who等词引导同位语从句,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语等。
The question who should go abroad required consideration.(who充当主语)
谁会出国这个问题还需要考虑。
He has no idea what he should do next.(what 充当宾语)
他不知道下一步要做什么。
三、同位语从句应注意的几个问题
1.分隔式同位语从句:有时同位语从句与其所说明的名词会被其他成分隔开,从而形成分隔式同位语从句,这样做主要是为了保持句子结构平衡,避免头重脚轻。
News came from the school office that Wang Lin had been admitted to Peking University.
从学校办公室传来消息,王林被北京大学录取了。
2.名词suggestion,order,demand,command,request,desire,proposal等后的同位语从句要使用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用“should+do”,should可省略。
We'd better accept his suggesti