Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage（课件PPT）-【优化指导】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语必修第三册（译林版2020）

Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage 返回导航 英语　必修 第三册（Y） Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world 栏目索引 语法感知 语法精析 课堂达标 语法感知 返回导航 英语　必修 第三册（Y） Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world 状语 定语 状语 状语 宾语补足语 返回导航 英语　必修 第三册（Y） Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world 语法精析 返回导航 英语　必修 第三册（Y） Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world 返回导航 英语　必修 第三册（Y） Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world 返回导航 英语　必修 第三册（Y） Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world 返回导航 英语　必修 第三册（Y） Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world 返回导航 英语　必修 第三册（Y） Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world caught spent written discussed 返回导航 英语　必修 第三册（Y） Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world 返回导航 英语　必修 第三册（Y） Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world 返回导航 英语　必修 第三册（Y） Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world 返回导航 英语　必修 第三册（Y） Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world Raised Approached followed 返回导航 英语　必修 第三册（Y） Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world 返回导航 英语　必修 第三册（Y） Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world 返回导航 英语　必修 第三册（Y） Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world 返回导航 英语　必修 第三册（Y） Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world 返回导航 英语　必修 第三册（Y） Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world 返回导航 英语　必修 第三册（Y） Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world 返回导航 英语　必修 第三册（Y） Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world 返回导航 英语　必修 第三册（Y） Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world had many trees planted get the work finished make herself understood saw the thief caught 返回导航 英语　必修 第三册（Y） Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world 返回导航 英语　必修 第三册（Y） Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world 返回导航 英语　必修 第三册（Y） Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world 返回导航 英语　必修 第三册（Y） Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world surrounding surroundings Surrounded 返回导航 英语　必修 第三册（Y） Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world being surrounded surrounding surroundings 返回导航 英语　必修 第三册（Y） Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world 返回导航 英语　必修 第三册（Y） Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world 返回导航 英语　必修 第三册（Y） Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world indicating to indicated indicator indication indicates fine weather 返回导航 英语　必修 第三册（Y） Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world 返回导航 英语　必修 第三册（Y） Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world 详细检查 读完 返回导航 英语　必修 第三册（Y） Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world 经历 通过 Not until he went through did he realize 返回导航 英语　必修 第三册（Y） Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world 返回导航 英语　必修 第三册（Y） Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world to charge of 返回导航 英语　必修 第三册（Y） Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world in the charge of in charge of took charge of 返回导航 英语　必修 第三册（Y） Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world 课堂达标 spoken C poured A Impressed B 返回导航 英语　必修 第三册（Y） Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world moved Caught Attracted Seen Given Looking 返回导航 英语　必修 第三册（Y） Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world 谢谢观看！ eq \a\vs4\al(动词­ed形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语) 阅读下面教材中的句子并体会过去分词的语法特征。 ①Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People's Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize，awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria... ②...malaria patients all over the world now have had a greatly increased chance of survival. ③Born in 1930，in Ningbo，Zhejiang Province，Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955. ④Inspired by a 1，700­year­old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water，Tu redesigned the experiments... ⑤When he arrived at his office，he found his desk removed already. [自我归纳] 以上句子中加黑部分在句中分别作以下成分：①______，②______，③______，④______，⑤____________。 一、动词­ed形式作定语 过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧，渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词 (the Participle Adjective)，实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词，除表示“完成”的动作之外，还表示“被动”的意义。如：spoken English (英语口语), iced beer (冰冻啤酒), cooked food (熟食)，fried chips (炸土豆条)。 但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作，而不表示“被动”意义。如boiled water(开水)，fallen leaves(落叶)，the risen sun(升起的太阳)等。 (1)前置定语。 单个的动词­ed形式， 一般放在被修饰的名词的前面，作前置定语。 The excited people rushed into building. (＝the people who were excited)激动的人们冲进大楼。 Lost time can never be found again. (＝time which is lost)虚度的时光无法挽回。 (2)后置定语。 ①少数单个动词的­ed形式，如left等，只能作后置定语。 Everything used should be marked. 所有用过的东西应该做好标记。 Among the people invited were some ladies. 被邀请的人中，有些是女士。 The books left are for my students. 剩下的书是给我的学生的。 ②动词­ed形式短语作定语时，通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面，在意思上相当于一个定语从句。及物动词的过去分词作定语用来表示被动， 可改为带被动语态的定语从句；不及物动词的过去分词(仅限于单个过去分词， 且不能后置)则表示完成， 可改为带有完成时态的定语从句。 Is there anything planned for tonight？(＝that has been planned for tonight) 今晚有什么活动吗？ The meeting，attended by a lot of people(＝which was attended by a lot of people)，was a success. 这次会议有很多人出席，开得很成功。 We drank some boiled(＝which had boiled) water and went on with our work. 我们喝了一些开水后就继续工作。 [特别提醒] 这里的过去分词的逻辑主语应是被修饰的词，改为定语从句时关系代词应与之一致。 [对点练]　单句语法填空 ①Because of pollution，the ______ (catch) fish were not fit to eat. ②Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time _____ (spend) with his students. ③The book, _______ (write) by Lu Xun，is popular with many Chinese people. ④Do you remember the problems _________ (discuss) at the last meeting? 二、动词­ed形式作状语 1．过去分词作状语表示被动或完成， 但有些过去分词(短语)因来源于系表结构， 作状语时不表动作而表状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有 lost (迷路)，seated (坐)，absorbed in (全神贯注于)，dressed in (穿着)，tired of (厌烦)等。如： Absorbed in deep thought，he didn't hear the sound. 因为沉浸在思考之中， 所以他没听到那个声音。 2．过去分词作状语来源于状语从句， 在句中一般能作五种状语， 即时间、原因、条件、让步和方式状语。如： Caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨， 所以他全身湿透了。 (Caught in a heavy rain 相当于原因状语从句Because he was caught in a heavy rain) Grown in rich soil，these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里， 这些种子能长得很快。 (Grown in rich soil相当于条件状语从句If these seeds are grown in rich soil) [特别提醒] ①当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时， 才可以把从句的主语省略， 且省略掉的主语与其逻辑谓语是被动关系或表示状态。 When given a medical examination，you should keep calm. 当你做体检时要保持镇定。 ②把状语从句改为过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词， 构成“连词＋过去分词”结构作状语， 即“while (when，once，until，if，though等连词)＋过去分词”结构。如： Though beaten by the opposite team，the players didn't lose heart. 尽管这些球员被对方球队打败了， 但他们并没有灰心。 [对点练]　单句语法填空 ①______ (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to become a football star. ②__________ (approach) in this way，your friendship will soon be repaired. ③The lady returned home, ________ (follow) by Holmes. 三、动词­ed形式作宾语补足语 1．能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词， 表示被动意义或已完成意义， 有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系， 即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。 My grandfather had his old house rebuilt. 我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。 They found all the guests gone when they woke up. 当他们醒来时，发现所有的客人都走了。 2．动词的­ed形式可以在“主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中，动词­ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改为被动语态， 原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。 I must get my bike repaired. 我必须请人修理我的自行车。(宾语补足语) The girl was found beaten black and blue. 人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。(主语补足语) (1)动词­ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语， 这类动词包括see，hear，watch，notice，feel，find，think，suppose，consider等。 We thought the game lost.我们认为比赛输了。 I have never heard him spoken ill of others. 我从未听过有人说他的坏话。 They considered the matter settled. 他们认为这问题解决了。 (2) 动词­ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括make，get，have，keep，leave，hold等。 I have my hair cut once a month. 我每个月理一次发。 He was trying to make himself understood. 他试图让别人明白他的意思。 “have＋宾语＋done”结构有三个含义： ① (请人)把某事做完。 She had her house repaired. 她请人把屋子修好了。 Where did you have your hair cut? 你在哪儿理的发？ ②遭遇某种意外情况。 He had his hat blown away on his way home. 在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。 She had her wallet stolen yesterday. 昨天她的钱包被偷了。 ③完成某事 (自己也可能参与)。 I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected. 我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。 (3) 动词­ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语， 这类动词包括like, want，wish，expect，order等。 He won't like such questions discussed at the meeting. 他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。 The students wish the TV serial plays continued. 学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。 (4) 过去分词用在“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。 The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back. 小偷被带进来了，双手被反绑在背后。 [对点练]　完成句子 ①村民们那时种了很多树。 The villagers ______________________ then. ②无论多累，我必须把这份工作干完。 However tired I am，I must _____________________． ③她依然不能用英语表达出自己的意思。 She still couldn't ________________________in English. ④她看见小偷被警察抓住了。 She ____________________ by policemen. Usage要点拾遗 1．surround vt.包围；围绕 [教材P48]　He observed that the bacteria surrounding the mould were dead. 他观察到霉菌周围的细菌都死了。 (1)surrounding adj.附近的；周围的 (2)surround vt.环绕；围住；包围 be surrounded by/with...由……围着/包围 [名师点津]　surroundings常用复数形式，表示周围的具体的物质环境；而environment是集体名词，常用单数形式，表示对人的发展产生影响的自然环境或生活环境。 (1)Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival. 在涉及有关我们周围的环境时，如何定位我们所处的位置依然是我们生存的一项基本技能。 (2)When the car stopped in the town square it was surrounded by soldiers and militiamen. 当这辆汽车停在城镇广场时立刻被士兵和民兵包围了。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①The trees ___________(surround)the town were planted by the soldiers ten years ago. ②Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful ____________ (surround). ③__________ (surround)by a dozen of children, the women happily celebrated her 80th birthday. 语段填空 As a famous pop star, he loves ④________________ by so many fans coming to visit him before the ⑤___________ towns. And he also likes beautiful ⑥____________ with green trees and flowers, because he can get much more pleasure from nature.(surround) 2．indicate vt.指出；标示；表示；暗示；象征 [教材P48]　The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteria. 结果表明， 霉菌产生的某种物质杀死了细菌。 (1)indicate sth. (to/for sb. )(向某人)表明某事 indicate (to sb. ) that...(向某人)表明(表示)……；示意…… (2)indication n．指出；表明 There is some/no indication that...有/无迹象表明…… [巧学助记]　构词记忆 in(向内)＋dic­(说， 讲)＋ate(动词词尾)→indicate v．暗示 (1)As is indicated in the graph，the box­office income of Chinese films increased constantly. 正如表中显示的，中国电影的票房收入不断增加。 (2)All the indications are that we are going to receive reasonable support from abroad. 所有迹象都表明， 我们将从国外获得有力支持。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①There is a great deal of evidence __________ (indicate)that music activities engage different parts of the brain. ②The headmaster took out a map and indicated the quickest route __ us. ③He _________ that an _________ should give me some __________ of how I did in the test. (indicate) 完成句子 ④According to an old proverb, a red sky at night often ______________________ the next day. 根据一句古老的谚语，晚上的红天通常预示着第二天的好天气。 3．go through 经历；经受；仔细检查；完成；通过 [教材P49]　He worked out that by flying a kite during a thunderstorm, electricity could go through the wet kite line down to earth. 他发现在雷雨天气放风筝， 电可以通过湿风筝线到达地面。 get through 通过(考试等); 接通电话；完成；用完 look through 浏览； 查看 break through 冲破； 突破 see through 看穿， 识破 (1)He expected the transfer to go through by today's noon deadline. 他希望转账在今天中午的最后期限之前完成。 (2)This is the experience you need and you have to go through it. 这些经验是你所需要的，并且使你所必须经历的。 [即学即用]　写出下列句中go through的含义 ①I went through my homework to make sure that nothing had been missed. __________ ②As you go through this book, you will find that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience. ________ ③It's love and responsibility that have driven him to go through many hardships and survive. ________ ④As soon as the law goes through, more food in the super­market will have to be marked with its origin. ________ 句式升级 He didn't go through real hardship until he realized the love we have for our families is important. ⑤______________________ real hardship ______________ the love we have for our families is important.(倒装句) 4．charge vt.&vi.收费；指控；(使)充电 n. 费用；主管 [教材P49]　When a thunderstorm approached ，the lightning would charge the key. 当雷雨来临时， 闪电就会给钥匙充电。 charge vt.&vi.收费；控诉；n.费用；主管 in charge of主管；负责；掌管 in/under the charge of sb.＝in one's charge在某人的掌管下；由某人管理 take charge of负责；掌管；接管 charge sb.with sth./doing sth.控告某人犯某罪；指责某人做某事 charge...for...就……向某人索取……费用 (1)They charged the buyer too much for the house ever belonging to their parents. 他们向买方就曾经属于父母的房子要价很高。 (2)He charged me 50 yuan for repairing the mobile phone. 修手机他向我要了50元。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of what it used _________(charge). ②Your order will be delivered free __ charge within a ten­mile limit. 同义句转换 The shop was in his charge while the manager was away. ③The shop was ________________ him while the manager was away. ④He was ____________ the shop while the manager was away. ⑤He ______________ the shop while the manager was away. Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空， 并与A～C的汉语翻译相匹配。 A．覆水难收 B．流连忘返　C．一言既出， 驷马难追 1．Once ______ (speak)，a word becomes a promise.____ 2．Once ______ (pour)，water cannot be taken back again.____ 3．_________ (impress) by the beautiful scenery，I forgot to go back home in time. ________ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．The man stood outside the house silently, _______(move)to tears. 2．______ (catch) in a heavy rain，the new manager missed the important meeting. 3．_________ (attract) by a particular article in a magazine，she bought it. 4．____ (see) from the top of the hill，the city looks beautiful to us. 5．_____ (give) time，he'll make a first class tennis player. 6．_______ (look) out of the window，I found many children playing on the playground. $$