内容正文:
第八节 非谓语动词
〔真题演练〕
1. [2022全国新高考Ⅰ]The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase(increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
2. [2022全国甲]A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step to journey(journey) the Belt and Road route(路线) by foot.
3. [2021全国新高考Ⅰ]But that’s how nature is—always leaving us astonished(astonish).
4. [2021全国甲]It is possible to walk(walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
5. [2021全国甲]Afterspending(spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
〔必备知识〕
非谓语动词包括动名词、不定式、现在分词和过去分词。在语法填空题中,针对非谓语动词的考查主要集中在非谓语动词作主语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语等。其基本结构与句法功能如下:
非谓语动词
主动语态
被动语态
意义
不定式
一般式
to do
to be done
不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生
进行式
to be doing
不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生
完成式
to have done
to have been done
不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前
现在分词/动名词
一般式
doing
being done
其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或基本上同时发生
完成式
having done
having been done
其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生
过去分词
done
与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系,表完成
考点一 非谓语动词作状语
非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。
1.不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语,可用so as to/in order to替换,意为“为了;以便”,但 so as to一般不可置于句首。
To enjoy the convenience of digital payment, many seniors started to use smart phones. 为了享受数字支付的便利,很多老年人开始使用智能手机。
(2)作结果状语,常用于下列结构中:only to do(表示意想不到的结果)、enough to do...(足够做……)、too... to do...(太……而不能做……)、so/such... as to...(如此……以至于……)等。
Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.汤姆乘出租车去了机场,却发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。
(3)作原因状语,常用在“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”结构中。这类形容词有:easy、difficult、hard、comfortable、good、important、impossible、dangerous、surprised、astonished、delighted、disappointed等。
We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.令我们吃惊的是,这座寺庙仍保持着它最初的样子。
易错提示
在 “主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构中,句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的被动关系,且此时不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义