课后提升练(11) Section Ⅰ TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1（Word练习）-【优化指导】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版2019）

课后提升练(十一) Section Ⅰ　TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1 [对应学生用书P175] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．He gave a great performance，but he was very humble． 2．This discovery was perceived as a major breakthrough. 3．Oxford has a lot to offer visitors in the way of entertainment(娱乐)． 4．Farmers are introducing innovations(新方法) which can increase the productivity. 5．More productive farmers have been able to provide cheaper food. 6．They donated(捐赠) money to them to buy textbooks and stationery last week. 7．They did a lot of market research before launching the product. 8．The stones have been worn smoothly by the constant flow of water. 9．Jackie and Ben came to a joint decision as to where they would live. 10．The translation sacrifices naturalness for the sake of accuracy(准确)． Ⅱ.完成句子 1．我与弟弟通电话时，突然线路断了。 I was talking to my brother on the telephone when suddenly the line went dead. 2．这是我的一副眼镜，没有它我就看不清东西。 This is my pair of glasses，without which I cannot see clearly. 3．这些20世纪的先驱都致力于提高人类生活质量。 These pioneers of the 20th century were all dedicated to improving the quality of human life. 4．毫无疑问，我们的星球已经变成了一个“地球村”。 There is no doubt that our planet has been transformed into a “global village”． 5．因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰。 With a lot of homework to do，I can't go skating with you. Ⅰ.阅读理解 Throughout history scientists have risked their health and their lives in their search for the truth. Sir Isaac Newton，the seventeenth century scientist，was very smart，but that didn't stop him from doing some pretty stupid things. In his laboratory in Cambridge he often did the strangest experiments. Once，while testing how light passes through lenses，he put a long needle into his eye，pushed it to the back，and then moved it around just to see what would happen. Luckily，nothing long­lasting did. On another occasion he stared at the sun for as long as he could bear，to discover what effect this would have on his sight. Again he escaped suffering permanent damage，though he had to spend some days in a darkened room before his eyes recovered. In the 1750s the Swedish chemist Karl Scheele was the first person to find a way to produce phosphorus(磷). He in fact discovered eight more chemical elements including chlorine(氯气)，though he didn't get any praise for them. He was a very clever scientist，but his one failing was a curious habit of tasting a little of every substance he worked with. This risky practice finally caught up with him，and in 1786 he was found dead in his laboratory surrounded by a large number of dangerous chemicals，any of which might have been responsible for his death. Eugene Shoemaker was a respected geologist. He spent a large part of his life studying craters on the moon，and how they were formed，and later did research into the comets of the planet Jupiter. In 1997 he and his wife were in the Australian desert where they went every year to search for places where comets might have hit the earth. While driving in the Tanami desert，normally one of the emptiest places in the world，another vehicle crashed into them and Shoemaker was killed on the spot. Some of his ashes were sent to the moon aboard the Lunar Prospector spacecraft and left there — he is the only person who has had this honor. 1．Which word is similar to the underlined word “permanent” in Paragraph 2? A．Brief.　　　　　　 B．Lasting. C．Slight. D．Ordinary. 2．What do we know about Karl Scheele according to this text? A．He was killed by tasting phosphorus. B．He killed himself with some dangerous chemicals. C．His habit of tasting chemicals might account for his death. D．He got a large number of honors for discovering many chemical elements. 3．Which statement about Shoemaker is TRUE? A．He was knocked over and died in a desert. B．All of his ashes were placed on the moon. C．One comet of Jupiter was named after him. D．A spacecraft carrying him traveled around Jupiter. 4．What does the text mainly talk about? A．Three great scientists' famous experiments. B．Three great scientists' great achievements. C．Three great scientists' sacrifice for the truth. D．Three great scientists' special honors. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Isaac Newton、Karl Scheele以及Eugene Shoemaker三位科学家冒着危险寻找真理的事迹。 1．B　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Luckily，nothing long­lasting did.”及画线词所在句“Again he escaped suffering permanent damage”可知，画线词与“long­lasting”意思相近，故B项正确。 2．C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，Karl Scheele喜欢品尝化学物质的习惯可能是他死亡的原因。 3．A　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“While driving in the Tanami desert ...another vehicle crashed into them and Shoemaker was killed on the spot.”可知，Shoemaker被车撞了，死在了沙漠里。 4．C　解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段并结合下文讲述的Isaac Newton、Karl Scheele以及Eugene Shoemaker这三位科学家冒着危险寻找真理的事迹可知，文章主要讲述了三位伟大的科学家为真理所做的牺牲。 Ⅱ.七选五阅读 The second experiment on how to grow crops on Mars and Moon soil simulants has given a surprising outcome. As a result of what the researchers of Wageningen University in the Netherlands learned from their first experiment，they were able to grow ten different crops. 1.______ The goal of the experiment is to provide the basis for growing crops on Mars and the Moon，in order to feed the first settlers. 2．______ Professor Wamelink says，“We used trays instead of small pots and added organic material (fresh cut grass) to Mars and Moon soil simulants. This solved the problem we had in watering in the first experiment and also added fertilizer to the soils.”3.______ In the next round they flourished，and the researchers could harvest from some species. Although the Wageningen researchers harvested several non­poisonous crops，they did not eat them. Wamelink says，“4.______ If heavy metals find their way into the crops，they make them poisonous. Further research on this is necessary. The experiment should start in April 2021 with the growth of new crops including potatoes and beans.” The soil experiment began in April 2018. Final harvest took place in October 2019.5.______ “This is because we expect that first crop growth on Mars and the Moon will take place in underground rooms to protect the plants from the bad environment，” states Wamelink. The Wageningen researchers use Mars and Moon soil simulants provided by NASA．The Mars soil simulant comes from a volcano in Hawaii and the Moon soil simulant from an Arizonian desert. A．The soils contain heavy metals. B．The crops could feed the first settlers. C．In the first Moon soil experiment most plants died. D．Tomatoes，peas，turnips，and cabbages have been harvested. E．A few improvements have been made since the first experiment. F．The researchers studied in the experiment whether potatoes and beans could grow. G．Plants were grown in a glass house under certain temperature and light conditions and under the earth's atmosphere. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究者在火星和月球模拟土壤中种植农作物的实验情况。 1．D　解析：根据上一句可以看出，研究者在实验中种植了10种不同的农作物，而由选项D中的Tomatoes、peas、turnips、cabbages这些农作物种类可以判断该项符合上下文逻辑。 2．E　解析：该空位于段落的开头，是该段的主题句。该段讲述了实验取得的一些进展，因此可以判断E项为正确答案。E项中的A few improvements是总括，符合段意。 3．C　解析：由后文的“In the next round they flourished”可以判断C项符合语境。C项中的“In the first”与空后的“In the next round”对应。 4．A 　解析：Wamelink教授在此处叙述了研究者没有吃这些农作物的原因。而A项正是原因，即土壤中含有重金属。A项中的heavy metals与空后的heavy metals对应。 5．G　解析：G项讲了这些农作物的种植条件，后文Wamelink教授给出了这些条件的原因，G项符合上下文的逻辑关系。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$