Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Starting out & Understanding（Word教参）-【优化指导】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Starting out & Understanding ideas—Language points [对应学生用书P94] 1 blank adj.无表情的，木然的；空白的 n．空白(处) They stared back，their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next. 他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人根本看不出他们接下来会说什么。 ►情境探究 ①When I heard the shocking news，my mind went blank. 当我听到这个令人震惊的消息时，我的大脑一片空白。 ②Please fill in the blank at the end of the text with a proper word or phrase. 请在课文末尾的空白处填上一个适当的单词或短语。 ③She stared blankly into space，not knowing what to say next. 她两眼发直，不知道接下来该说什么。 ►要点突破 ①go blank (思想或大脑等)变得空白 fill in/out the blank 填空 ②blankly adv.茫然地；毫无表情地 ③blankness n．空白；空虚；单调 ►学以致用 [赏句猜义] ①Sign your name in the blank space below.空白的 ②She stared at me with a blank expression on her face.无表情的，木然的 ③If you can't answer the question，leave a blank.空白 [单句填空] ④Speechless，she stared blankly(blank) at her mother. ⑤Bored with the blankness(blank) of the long winter，he moved to Florida. 2 potential n．(事物的)潜力，可能性 adj.潜在的，可能的 It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that Zhang realised the potential. 直到张悦结束海外留学生活，回国看望父母时，她才意识到这里的潜力。 ►情境探究 ①The company in the charge of the chairwoman certainly has the potential for growth. 由那名女董事长掌管的那家公司肯定有发展潜力。 ②He has the potential to become a world­class musician. 他有潜力成为一名世界级的音乐家。 ③This crisis is potentially the most serious in the organization's history. 这可能是该组织历史上最严重的一次危机。 ►要点突破 ①potential for (doing) sth.(做)某事的可能性；(做)某事的潜力 potential to do sth.做某事的潜力 realise/achieve one's full potential 充分发挥某人的潜能 ②potentially adv.潜在地；可能地 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①People who do not smoke have less potential for suffering from lung cancer than those who smoke. ②You have the potential to_reach(reach)the top of your profession. ③Potentially(potential) dangerous products are often recalled by their manufacturers. 3 purchase v．购买 After I went on TV，a major Asian manufacturer of cosmetics was willing to purchase my product and help with its distribution. 我上了电视后，一家亚洲大型化妆品制造商表示愿意购买我的产品并且帮忙分销。 ►情境探究 ①The equipment can be purchased from your local supplier. 这种设备可以从您当地的供应商处购买。 ②A house is the most expensive purchase that most people ever make. 房子是大多数人买过的最贵的东西。 ③We haven't been able to find a purchaser for our house yet. 我们还没有为我们的房子找到买主。 ►要点突破 ①purchase sth.(from ...) (从……)购买某物 ②purchase n．购买，采购 make a purchase采购 purchase price购买价 ③purchaser n．购买人，采购人员 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①Among his purchases(purchase) were several tins of beans. ②With the Spring Festival approaching，train tickets must be_purchased(purchase) two weeks in advance. ③If you wish to make a purchase，we will require your credit card details. ④Car purchasers(purchase) are more interested in safety and reliability than speed. [完成句子] ⑤可以从售票处提前购票。 Tickets may be_purchased in advance from the box office. 4 distribution n．(商品的)分销，经销；分配；分布；分发 After I went on TV，a major Asian manufacturer of cosmetics was willing to purchase my product and help with its distribution. 我上了电视后，一家亚洲大型化妆品制造商表示愿意购买我的产品并且帮忙分销。 ►情境探究 ①The printers will arrange to distribute the books to every important city in the country. 出版商们将安排把书分销到全国各个重要的城市。 ②According to the tradition，the prizes are distributed among five winners. 按照传统，奖品被分发给五位获胜者。 ③The company is the largest software distributor in the country. 该公司是国内最大的软件分销商。 ►要点突破 ①distribute v．分销；分配；分布；分发 distribute sth.to ...给……分发某物 distribute sth.among ...在……中分发/分配某物 ②distributor n．经销商，分销商 ►学以致用 [赏句猜义] ①The map shows the distribution of this species across the world.分布 ②He was arrested on drug distribution charges.分发 ③We signed a distribution agreement with a company in Spain.分销，经销 [单句填空] ④The Red Cross organized the distribution(distribute) of food and clothing in the disaster area. ⑤We will act as the exclusive(独有的)distributor(distribute)for these Russian goods to the world market. ⑥The books will be_distributed(distribute) for free to local schools. 5 dream of/about 梦想，渴望；梦见 Seeing her peers who also dream of success and independence，Zhang has mixed feelings. 看到同龄人也梦想着成功和独立，张悦的心情很复杂。 ►情境探究 ①She dreamed that one day she would become a famous writer. 她梦想有一天她会成为一个著名的作家。 ②He dreamt a strange dream last night and it came true today. 他昨晚做了一个奇怪的梦，今天，那个梦竟然成真了。 ►要点突破 dream vi.& vt.做梦，梦见 n．想象，梦想 dream that ...梦见……，梦想着…… dream a ...dream做了一个……梦 dream作动词时，其过去式和过去分词为dreamt，dreamt或dreamed，dreamed。 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①I dreamed/dreamt(dream) a good dream last night. ②He never dreamt that he would spend his old age in such comfort and happiness. [完成句子] ③她梦想开自己的公司。 She dreams_of_running her own business. 6 consultant n．顾问 Though she welcomes the new entrepreneurial spirit，she advises that people be realistic and seek guidance from expert consultants before rushing into things. 尽管她希望看到新的创业精神的涌现，但她建议人们要现实一些，在仓促行事之前先寻求专业顾问的指导。 ►情境探究 ①Our company didn't have a specialist，so we hired a consultant. 我们的公司没有专家，所以我们聘用了一位顾问。 ②If you have no idea about it，consult a dictionary，please. 要是你对这个问题不清楚，请你查字典。 ③Before firing the new employee，the manager consulted with the board about it. 经理在解雇那名新员工之前和董事会商议过了。 ►要点突破 consult v．请教；咨询；查阅 consult (with) sb.about/on sth.就某事向某人咨询；与某人商量某事 She is consulting with her deskmate whether to consult their teacher or to consult a dictionary on the question. 关于这个问题，她正和同桌商量是请教老师还是查阅词典。 ►学以致用 [赏句猜义] ①Shirley's brother is now a consultant heart surgeon in Sweden.顾问 ②Consult the chart on page 44 for the correct cooking times.查阅 ③Everybody likes to consult with him about their problems；large or small.商议 [单句填空] ④Tom consulted with his brother on his plan. ⑤His work as a consultant(consult) consisted in advising foreign companies on the siting of new factories. ⑥The doctor consulted with his colleagues about/on the operation on the patient. 7 more than 不只是；不仅仅，超过 To succeed in business，you need more than a good idea，hard work and determination. 要想在事业上取得成功，你需要的不仅仅是好的理念、勤奋和决心。 ►情境探究 ①(2022·全国甲卷)The two of them collected more than 1，000 plastic bottles along the 40­day journey. 在40天的旅程中，他们两人收集了1 000多个塑料瓶。 ②China Daily is more than a newspaper；it keeps us in touch with the world. 《中国日报》不仅仅是一份报纸，它让我们与世界保持联系。 ③In doing experiments，you must be more than careful with the precision instruments. 在做实验时，你必须特别小心这些精密仪器。 ►要点突破 ①more than位于名词之前，表示“不只是；不仅仅”；位于数词之前，意为“超过；不止；以上”，用于此意义时可与over互换。 ②more than位于形容词或副词前，意为“非常；十分”，与very同义。 ③more than后接含有can的从句时，常表示否定意义。此时，从句中的谓语动词必须是及物动词，并且与句子的主语呈现逻辑上的动宾关系。 ④more ...than ...与其……不如…… ►学以致用 [翻译句子] ①She is more than careful in doing things. 她做事非常细心。 ②Altogether，more than 70 percent of the surface of our planet is covered by water. 整体说来，我们这个星球表面70%以上都被水覆盖。 ③The secret is more than we can let out. 这个秘密我们是不能泄露的。 [完成句子] ④冬眠不仅仅是睡觉。 Hibernation is more_than_sleep． ⑤这本书与其说是一本语法书，不如说是一本词典。 The book seems to be more_a_dictionary_than one on grammar. 8 access to 接近；……的通路；使用……的机会(权利) What really matters is a sound business plan，access to capital，and good management and negotiating skills. 真正重要的是一个合理的商业计划，获得资金的渠道，以及良好的管理和谈判技巧。 ►情境探究 ①They now have access to the mass markets of Japan and the UK. 他们现在进入了日本和英国的大众市场。 ②Covent Garden has made some attempt to make opera accessible to a wider public. 科文特花园做了一些尝试，让更多的人可以欣赏歌剧。 ③This means that all the data can be accessed directly. 这意味着可以直接访问所有的数据。 ►要点突破 ①have/get/gain/obtain access to ...可以接近/会见/进入…… ②access v．访问，存取(计算机文件)；到达；进入；使用 ③accessible adj.可进入的；可使用的 accessible to可接近的；可进入的 access作名词时为不可数名词，既不能用复数，也不能在其前用不定冠词。 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①Kids shouldn't have access to violent films because they might imitate the things they see. ②All the sites are free to the public and accessible(access) to anyone with an Internet connection. ③Fallen rocks cut off the only access to the village，so it is not accessible to go outside now.(access) ④You can access(access) links to download the products from the web. [一句多译] ⑤住在这里的人可以免费去那个游泳池。 →People living here get_access_to_that_swimming_pool free of charge.(access) →People living here are_accessible_to_that_swimming_pool free of charge.(accessible) 1 独立主格结构 They stared back，their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next. 他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人根本看不出他们接下来会说什么。 ►句式分析 句中“their blank faces giving no clue”为“逻辑主语＋现在分词”的独立主格结构。独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，它独立存在。 ►情境探究 ①Head down，eyes on my smartphone，I stepped into the road and a car shot past，missing me by centimeters. 我低着头，眼睛盯着手机，走到马路上时一辆车飞驰而过，离我只有几厘米远。 ②Mary has written two novels，both of them having been made into television series. 玛丽已经写了两部小说。它们都被拍成了电视剧。 ③All the tickets sold when they arrived，they went away，disappointed. 当他们到达的时候，票都卖光了。他们失望地走开了。 ►要点突破 独立主格结构一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等，常见的独立主格结构有： ①名词/代词＋名词 ②名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语 ③名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词/不定式 ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①Lots of work to_do(do)，I have to stay at home all day. ②Leaves falling(fall) here and there，I suddenly noticed autumn was drawing upon. [完成句子] ③他手里拿着剑跟随着师傅。 He followed his master，sword in_hand． ④人体是由器官组成的，每个器官都有明确的功能。 The human body is composed of organs，each having_a_definite_job_to_do． [句型转换] ⑤The trees there are extremely tall，and some measure over 90 meters. →The trees there are extremely tall，some measuring_over_90_meters．(改为独立主格结构) 2 强调句式 It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that Zhang realised the potential. 直到张悦结束海外留学生活，回国看望父母时，她才意识到这里的潜力。 ►句式分析 本句强调的是时间状语“after graduating ...parents”。强调物要用that；强调人用who或that。 ►情境探究 ①It is with your generous help that I firmly believe that I will adapt to the college life as soon as possible. 正是有了您的慷慨相助，我才坚信我会尽快适应大学生活。 ②Is it a new bike that his brother wants to buy? 他哥哥想买的是一辆新自行车吗？ ③When was it that you called me yesterday? 你昨天是什么时候给我打电话的？ ④It was not until the teacher came in that the students stopped talking. 直到老师进来，学生们才停止讲话。 ►要点突破 ①强调句的基本句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分． ②强调句的一般疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？ ③强调句的特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他部分？ ④not ...until ...结构的强调句型：It is/was not until ...that ... 强调句与定语从句的区别： ①强调句的特点：去掉it is/was和that/who后，句子结构仍完整，且意义清楚。 ②时间、地点状语前是否有介词是判断这两种句式的关键。例如： It was in the shop that I met an old friend of mine.(强调句型) It was the shop where I met an old friend of mine.(定语从句) ►学以致用 [单句填空] ①You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists. ②It is my father that will have a face­to­face talk with me. ③It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors. ④It was because of their help that a disaster was avoided. [完成句子] ⑤父母关心的是孩子的安全。(强调宾语) It_is_children's_safety_that parents are concerned about. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$