课后提升练（18）Section Ⅳ & Ⅴ& Writing（Word练习）-【优化指导】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版2019）

课后提升练(十八) Section Ⅳ & Ⅴ　Integrating skills & Developing ideas & Writing [对应学生用书P226] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．The air is full of millions of invisible(看不见的) germs，most of which are harmful to humans. 2．I must insist on your giving me a straightforward(简单的) answer. 3．We can't see the microscopic creature with naked(赤裸的) eyes. 4．They had to do so much walking after their car broke down on the way that their leg muscles(肌肉) are still aching now. 5．Adding seasonings such as salt，pepper(胡椒粉) and oil makes the wonton soup taste fresh. 6．You should cover your mouth when you sneeze(打喷嚏) to prevent spreading the virus. 7．If you are struggling to resist temptation，surrounding yourself with people who possess a high degree of self­discipline(自制力) can help. 8．Chinese scientists are building the most powerful wide­field survey telescope(望远镜) of its class in Qinghai Province. 9．Don't bother to fetch(拿来) me the book—I can manage it myself. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．The famous writer is engaged in writing a novel，which is intended for children. 2．All of us stood for a long time at the edge of the village waving goodbye to him. 3．The group composed of ten people will meet tomorrow in an attempt to reach a settlement. 4．The football team，consisting(consist) of 22 players and three coaches，was faced with a big challenge. 5．We thought he was serious，but in reality he was joking. 6．The boy was watching a mirror angled(angle) to reflect light from a window. 7．We could have flashed by one another like two pieces of cosmic(cosmos) dust. 8．The mission could conceivably(conceivable)be accomplished within a week. 9．Breeze wafts yellow leaves in the air，Autumn watches，closely，silently，invisibly(invisible). 10．Infections are spread by coughing，spitting，and sneezing(sneeze). Ⅲ.完成句子 1．人们曾经认为太阳绕着地球转。 It_was_once_thought_that the sun travelled around the earth. 2．他冲进房间，满脸是汗。 He rushed into the room，his face covered_with_sweat． 3．众所周知，故宫中的修缮工作需要付出大量的精力、时间和耐心。 As_is_well_known，the repairs in the Palace Museum require extensive amounts of energy，time and patience. 4．这部词典正是我学习要用到的。 This dictionary is just what_I_want_for_my_study． 5．他肯定是从很高的地方摔下来的。 He must_have_fallen from a great height. Ⅰ.阅读理解 (2021·浙江湖州高二下期末调研)Humans have been living and working on the space station for over 20 years.Their meals are packaged，though sometimes astronauts receive fresh treats from resupply missions.The longer that packaged food is stored，the more it loses nutrients like vitamin C and vitamin K. Astronauts have successfully grown 10 different crops on the space station since 2015 and had the chance to sample(品尝) each one.The International Space Station hosted a party for astronauts on Friday as they celebrated the harvest of the first chili peppers(辣椒) grown in space.The crew finally had a chance to taste the peppers after initially kicking off the plant experiment on the space station in July. Plant Habitat­04 is one of the most complex plant experiments on the orbiting laboratory to date because peppers take much longer to grow than the previous experiment plants.After growing for four months，the peppers were harvested on Friday. Peppers provide a great source of vitamin C，as well as other key nutrients.Pepper plants self­pollinate(自花授粉)，so they are easy to grow，and they are a pick­and­eat crop that doesn't have to be cooked.They are also safe to eat raw. A side effect of life in zero gravity is that astronauts often lose some of their taste and smell，so spicy or well­seasoned foods are a favorite.Adding fresh greens or peppers to the menu allows astronauts to liven up their regular meals.But growing and tending to the plants can also produce other benefits. Astronauts have described the joy from seeing—as well as smelling and caring for—leafy green plants on the space station that remind them of Earth. “Growing colorful vegetables in space can have long­term benefits for physical and psychological health，” said Matt Romeyn，principal investigator for the experiment.“We are discovering that growing plants and vegetables with colors and smells helps to improve astronauts' well­being.” 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 1．How is the food astronauts eat on the space station? A．Always fresh. B．Lack of nutrients. C．Never tasty. D．Full of vitamins. 2．What makes Plant Habitat­04 one of the most complex plant experiments? A．The technology. B．Growing process. C．The varieties of plants. D．Growing time required. 3．Which is the most probable reason for adding peppers to food for astronauts? A．Peppers are delicious. B．Peppers can improve memory. C．Peppers help prevent diseases. D．Peppers can restore appetite. 4．Which of the following could be the best title for the text? A.The Fun of Growing Chili Peppers in Space B.The Agricultural Goal in the Space Mission C.The First Chili Peppers Grown in Space D.The Chili Peppers Used in the Space Mission 【语篇解读】本文一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了宇航员们在国际空间站首次种植辣椒的实验的相关情况。 1．B　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“The longer that packaged food is stored，the more it loses nutrients like vitamin C and vitamin K．”可知，包装食品放的时间越长，损失的营养越多。因此可推知，太空站宇航员吃的食物缺少营养。 2．D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，Plant Habitat­04是最为复杂的植物实验之一，是因为辣椒的生长周期比其他之前做过实验的植物长。 3．D　解析：推理判断题。根据第五段第一、二句可知，在零重力环境下生活的一个副作用是宇航员经常会失去一些味觉和嗅觉，所以在菜单中加入新鲜的蔬菜或辣椒可以让宇航员的日常饮食更有活力。由此可推断，把辣椒添加到食物中可以让宇航员恢复食欲。 4．C　解析：标题概括题。通读全文，结合第二段中“The International Space Station hosted a party for astronauts on Friday as they celebrated the harvest of the first chili peppers grown in space.(周五，国际空间站为宇航员举办了一场派对，庆祝第一批太空辣椒的收获。)”可知，文章主要介绍了宇航员们在国际空间站首次进行种植辣椒实验的相关情况。C项“第一次在太空种植辣椒”符合文章主旨，适合作本文的标题。 Ⅱ.语法填空 (2022·河南南阳高二期中质量评估)After 1.__________(orbit) Earth for six months，the three crew members of China's Shenzhou  mission 2.__________(depart) from the Tiangong space station and returned to the mother planet，finishing the nation's longest manned spaceflight. Zhai Zhigang，3.__________ was the mission commander，Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu breathed fresh air for the first time after the half­year space journey 4.__________ ground recovery personnel opened the hatch of their re­entry at 10：03 a．m.Medical service workers on the site told China Central Television that the astronauts are 5.__________ good condition.The re­entry capsule 6.__________(touch) down on the Dongfeng Landing Site in the Gobi Desert at 9：57 a．m.Carrying the mission crew，the Shenzhou  spacecraft separated from the Tiangong station at 12：44 a．m.It circled the Earth several times to 7.__________(gradual) approach the mother planet.In the last hours of 8.__________(they) stay inside the Tiangong，the astronauts worked with ground 9.__________(control) to configure (设置) the station，transmit some 10.__________(experiment) data back to Earth and sort out materials. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章对中国神舟十三号的三位航天员从天宫空间站返回地球，完成了中国最长的载人航天飞行的情况进行了介绍。 1．orbiting　解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在绕地球飞行6个月后，中国神舟十三号的三名航天员已经从天宫空间站返回地球，完成了中国最长的载人航天飞行。介词after后用动名词形式作宾语。 2．have departed　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意见上题解析。根据语意可知，句子强调已经发生的动作对现在的影响，须用现在完成时，主语members是复数，主谓保持一致。 3．who　解析：考查定语从句的关系词。句意：当天上午10点03分，地面回收人员打开返回舱舱门，翟志刚，作为此次任务的指令长和王亚平、叶光富三人在为期半年的太空之旅后，第一次呼吸到了新鲜的空气。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺主语，先行词指人，故用who。 4．as/when　解析：考查连词。句意见上题解析。此处引导时间状语从句，须用连词as或when。 5．in　解析：考查介词。句意：现场的医疗服务人员告诉中国中央电视台，航天员身体状况良好。in good condition意为“身体状况良好”，为固定短语搭配。 6．touched　解析：考查动词的时态。句意：返回舱于上午9：57在戈壁沙漠的东风着陆点着陆。报道已经发生的事情，须用一般过去时。 7．gradually　解析：考查副词。句意：它绕地球几圈，逐渐接近地球母亲。修饰动词approach，须用副词。 8．their　解析：考查代词。句意：在天宫空间站内停留的最后几个小时里，航天员与地面控制人员一起配置空间站，将一些实验数据传回地球，并整理材料。此处stay是名词，须用形容词性物主代词修饰名词。 9．controllers　解析：考查名词和名词的数。句意见上题解析。此处指航天员与地面操作人员一起设置空间站，根据句意可知是指人，controller是可数名词，此处须用复数形式。 10．experimental　解析：考查形容词。句意见第8题解析。此处修饰名词data，须用形容词。 Ⅲ.应用文写作 (2022·山东威海高二期末)假定你是李华，上周参加了市天文馆(planetarium)举办的为期两天的太空体验项目。请给你的新西兰笔友Pal写封邮件，分享此次经历。 注意： 1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Dear Pal， ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Pal， I'm writing to share my experience about the Space Exploration program organized by the City Planetarium. I took part in many activities，including stargazing，model rocket design and so on.What impressed me most is spacewalk，in which I walked in a world with zero gravity.I felt like floating in the air，which made it difficult to step forward.Meanwhile，I also did some experiments under zero gravity condition.That was totally different from what I had done before.The marvelous “space trip” confirmed my belief in devoting myself to aerospace industry. Yours， Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$