课后提升练（17） Section Ⅲ Using language—Grammar（Word练习）-【优化指导】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版2019）

课后提升练(十七) Section Ⅲ　Using language—Grammar [对应学生用书P223] Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词填空 1．I really think you should(should/could) have a word with Lily.She will help you. 2．We have_to(must/have to) return by the end of February.We start work again in March. 3．They might(can/might) be away for the weekend but I'm not sure. 4．Everyone must(must/have to) keep the law. 5．I insisted that he should(ought to/should) stay. 6．Whales breathe through lungs just as we humans do，so they have_to come up for air. 7．You couldn't have seen Mary at the meeting this morning，because she left for Beijing yesterday. 8．She said she might visit me today，but she was not sure. 9．There was plenty of time.She needn't have hurried. 10．—Must I finish the homework first? —No，you needn't． Ⅱ.选词填空 in reality，set out，be engaged in，take in，be composed of，make contact with，be invisible to，sign up，be close to，bring ...back to 1．There is in_reality a gap between the ideal and the actual. 2．In the east，our country adjoins Korea and is_close_to Japan. 3．He does wholesale business，while his brother is_engaged_in retail business. 4．Many stars overhead are_invisible_to the naked eye. 5．The paper is_composed_of three parts：preface，main text and conclusion. 6．When you set_out on a long walk，remember to wear suitable boots. 7．Professor Hawking said humans should be wary of trying to make_contact_with other alien life forms as we could not be sure whether they would be friendly or not. 8．Gazing at his eyes，she seemed to take_in all he said. 9．My teacher asked me why I didn't sign_up for the important competition. 10．Even if dinosaurs were brought_back_to life，they probably could not survive in the present­day environment. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．完成了所有的工作，我昨天晚上本可以去参加聚会的。 With all the work finished，I could_have_gone_to_the_party last night. 2．你本不应该取笑他的。他是你学习而不是嘲笑的对象。 You shouldn't/ought_not_to_have_made fun of him.He is not the one you laugh at but learn from. 3．你本不必浇花的，因为天要下雨了。 You needn't_have_watered_the_flowers，for it is going to rain. 4．他们今天早上很早就出发了，现在肯定已经到了。 They started early this morning；they_must_have_arrived by now. 5．我们昨晚本应该学习的，但我们去听音乐会了。 We should/ought_to_have_studied last night，but we went to the concert instead. Ⅰ.完形填空 (2022·辽宁省县级重点高中协作体高二下期末)Zara Rutherford has set the world record as the youngest woman to fly alone around the world.The British­Belgian __1__ started her trip worldwide on August 18，2021. The __2__ was supposed to take three months.But bad weather and visa delays kept her grounded and __3__ the trip by about two months.And then she started in Belgium and __4__ west over Britain，Iceland，and Greenland.The path took her over Canada and the United States. Rutherford couldn't leave Alaska due to weather and visa delays.A winter storm forced another long __5__ in Russia before she travelled to Korea，the Middle East，and __6__ to Europe. To meet the __7__ for a round­the­world flight，Rutherford had to land on two points opposite each other on Earth: Jambi in Indonesia and Tumaco in Columbia.The last part of her trip had been __8__，for she had to deal with rain and snow.But she was happy to be __9__ by the Belgian Air Force before landing，which she felt grateful for their company. Rutherford has been __10__ traveling in small planes with her parents since she was six.She gained her pilot's license in 2020 and started flying herself at 14.She __11__ being an astronaut and she hopes her trip will get more women __12__ in science，technology，and aviation. Rutherford said，“Boys are taught to choose their __13__ as scientists，astronauts，CEOs or presidents.Girls are often __14__ to be beautiful，kind，helpful and sweet.With my flight，I want to show young women that they can be __15__ and make their dreams come true.” 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 1．A.surfer B．soldier C.engineer D．pilot 2．A.challenge B．passage C.flight D．sailing 3．A.extended B．developed C.designed D．explored 4．A.directed B．forced C.headed D．pushed 5．A.pause B．holiday C.sleep D．rest 6．A.moved B．returned C.travelled D．rushed 7．A.curiosity B．deadline C.requirement D．permission 8．A.difficult B．necessary C.secure D．dependent 9．A.rescued B．watched C.accompanied D．praised 10．A.yet B．ever C.still D．always 11．A.dreams of B．cares about C.insists on D．relies on 12．A.upset B．interested C.included D．puzzled 13．A.careers B．hobbies C.chances D．responsibilities 14．A.reminded B．warned C.encouraged D．informed 15．A.energetic B．confident C.logical D．ambitious 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英裔比利时籍姑娘扎拉·拉瑟福德独自驾驶飞机环球飞行的故事。 1．D　解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位英裔比利时飞行员于2021年8月18日开始了她的环球之旅。A.surfer冲浪运动员；B.soldier士兵；C.engineer工程师；D.pilot飞行员。根据上文的“the youngest woman to fly alone around the world”和下文的内容可知，扎拉·拉瑟福德是英裔比利时籍的飞行员。 2．C　解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这次飞行原计划花三个月的时间。A.challenge挑战；B.passage通道；C.flight飞行；D.sailing航行。根据上文的“the youngest woman to fly alone around the world”和下文的内容“With my flight”可知，扎拉·拉瑟福德是英裔比利时籍的飞行员，进行了一次环游世界飞行。 3．A　解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：但恶劣的天气和签证延误使她停飞，并将行程延长了大约两个月。A.extended 延长；扩展；B.developed发展；C.designed设计；D.explored探索。根据上文的“But bad weather and visa delays kept her grounded”可知，因为糟糕的天气等原因，扎拉的飞行时间被迫延长大约两个月。 4．C　解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来她从比利时出发，向西越过英国、冰岛和格陵兰岛。A.directed指导；B.forced迫使；C.headed(朝……)前进；D.pushed敦促。根据上文的“then she started in Belgium”和下文的“west over Britain”可知，然后扎拉从比利时出发，向西飞去。head 意为“朝某个方向行进”。 5．A　解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一场冬季暴风雪迫使她在俄罗斯又停留了很长一段时间，之后她前往韩国、中东，然后返回欧洲。A.pause停顿；B.holiday假日；C.sleep睡眠；D.rest休息。根据上文的“Rutherford couldn't leave Alaska due to weather and visa delays.”可知，暴风雪又迫使扎拉不得不在俄罗斯停留一段时间。 6．B　解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.moved移动；B.returned返回；C.travelled旅行；D.rushed猛冲。根据第二段的“And then she started in Belgium”可知，扎拉结束自己的飞行路线后会回到欧洲。 7．C　解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了满足环球飞行的要求，拉瑟福德不得不在地球上两个相对的地点降落：印度尼西亚的占碑省和哥伦比亚的图马科。A.curiosity好奇心；B.deadline截止期限；C.requirement 要求；D.permission准许。根据下文的“for a round­the­world flight”可知，为了符合环球飞行的要求，飞行员得在印尼的占碑省和哥伦比亚的图马科省降落。meet the requirement for ...意为“满足……的要求”。 8．A　解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她的最后一段旅程很艰难。A.difficult困难的；B.necessary必要的；C.secure安全的；D.dependent依赖的。根据下文的“for she had to deal with rain and snow”可知，扎拉的最后一段飞行非常艰难。 9．C　解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：但她很高兴在降落前有比利时空军的陪同，她很感激他们的陪伴。A.rescued 挽救；B.watched看；C.accompanied陪伴；D.praised表扬。根据下文的“by the Belgian Air Force before landing，which she felt grateful for their company”可知，在飞机降落前，比利时空军陪伴扎拉一起飞行。 10．D　解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：拉瑟福德从6岁起就总是和她的父母一起乘坐小型飞机旅行。A.yet 然而；B.ever曾经；C.still仍然；D.always总是。根据下文的“since she was six”可知，自从六岁时，扎拉就一直和父母乘坐小型飞机旅行。 11．A　解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：她梦想成为一名宇航员，她希望她的这次旅程能让更多的女性对科学、技术和航空感兴趣。A.dreams of梦想；B.cares about在乎；关心；C.insists on坚持；D.relies on依靠。根据“She gained her pilot's license in 2020 and started flying herself at 14.”可知，扎拉渴望成为一名宇航员。 12．B　解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.upset打翻，使烦恼；B.interested使感兴趣；C.included 包括；D.puzzled 使迷惑。根据“she hopes”和上文提到的扎拉对飞行的爱好可推断，扎拉也希望自己的环球飞行能激发更多的女性对科学、技术和飞行等领域的兴趣。 13．A　解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：男孩们被教育要选择科学家、宇航员、首席执行官或总统作为他们的职业。A.careers事业，职业；B.hobbies爱好；C.chances 机会；D.responsibilities责任。根据下文的“as scientists，astronauts，CEOs or presidents”可知，男孩子们从小被教育要从事科学家、宇航员、首席执行官或总统等职业。 14．C　解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们经常鼓励女孩们要漂亮、善良、乐于助人和可爱。A.reminded提醒；B.warned警告；C.encouraged鼓励；D.informed 通知。根据上文的“Boys are taught”可知，女孩子们被鼓励成为美丽、善良、助人为乐且可爱的人。 15．D　解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过我的这次飞行，我想向年轻女性展示，她们可以有雄心，可以实现自己的梦想。A.energetic精力充沛的；B.confident自信的；C.logical符合逻辑的；D.ambitious有抱负的。根据上文的“With my flight”和下文的“make their dreams come true”可知，扎拉希望自己的飞行可以让人们相信女孩子也可以成为一个有抱负的人。 Ⅱ.语法填空 (2022·山东烟台高二下期末)China's Space Day，1.__________ falls on April 24，indicates numerous opportunities ahead for the world in the country's peaceful development of its fast 2.__________(grow) space programs. Three Chinese astronauts 3.__________(return) to Earth on April 16 after 183 days aboard the new Chinese space station，a new national record for duration.The authorities announced a series of new 4.__________(launch) ahead.These included two more three member teams being sent to the space station within the year，one of which，as we know，has been achieved so far. China's outreach to other parts of the world was partly exhibited by Wang Yaping，the first Chinese woman 5.__________(perform) a spacewalk.Her recent discussion with American students livened up the goodwill of China to use its space programs for 6.__________ common good. Looking back at the period from November 2020 to November 2021，it can be seen that China did emerge 7.__________ a serious space power worthy of the name.This was 8.__________(large) due to four major achievements over that yearlong period，including missions to the Moon and Mars，the establishment of a key satellite telecommunications constellation(星座)，and the launch of a new space station. Any of these achievements would be 9.__________(significance) in its own right.10.__________(take) together over a mere 12­month period，they represent a momentous leap(飞跃) for human progress in space. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国在太空探索方面取得的成就和意义。 1.which　解析：考查定语从句的关系词。句意：4月24日是中国的太空日，这表明中国快速增长的太空项目的和平发展将为世界带来无数机遇。分析句子可知，句子为非限制性定语从句，先行词为China's Space Day，关系词指物，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词which引导从句。 2.growing　解析：考查形容词。句意见上题解析。分析句子可知，space programs为名词，前面应用形容词修饰，grow意为“增加”，动词词性，growing意为“增长的，增加的”，形容词词性，作定语。 3.returned　解析：考查动词的时态。句意：4月16日，三名中国航天员在新的中国空间站上飞行183天后返回地球，这是一项新的持续时间的国家记录。根据句意和句中“on April 16”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，return意为“返回”，动词词性，过去式为returned。 4.launches　解析：考查名词的数。句意：权威部门宣布了一系列新的发射计划。分析句子可知，launch意为“(航天器的)发射”，为可数名词，a series of 意为“一系列”，后接可数名词复数，launch的复数形式为launches。 5.to perform　解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：中国与世界其他地方的联系一定程度上由王亚平展示，她是第一位执行太空行走的中国女性。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词was exhibited且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词，woman前有the first修饰，故应用不定式作后置定语，故空格处应填to perform。 6.the　解析：考查冠词。句意：她最近与美国学生的讨论激发了中国将其太空计划用于共同利益的善意。固定短语the common good意为“共同利益，大众利益”，common前应用定冠词修饰。 7．as　解析：考查介词。句意：回顾2020年11月至2021年11月这段时间，可以看出，中国确实成了一个名副其实的太空大国。固定短语emerge as ...意为“一跃成为……”，空格处应用介词“as”。 8．largely　解析：考查副词。句意：这在很大程度上是由于这一年来取得了四项重大成就，包括月球和火星任务、建立了一个关键的卫星通信星座(北斗)和发射了一个新的空间站。分析句子可知，空格处应用副词，在句中作状语，large为形容词，对应的副词为largely，意为“在很大程度上”。 9．significant　解析：考查形容词。句意：任何这些成就本身都具有重大意义。分析句子可知，空格处应用形容词，在句中作表语，significance为名词，对应的形容词为significant，意为“有重大意义的”。 10．Taken　解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在仅仅12个月的时间里，它们代表了人类在太空进程中的一个重大飞跃。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词represent且句中无连词，故空格处应用非谓语动词，句子主语they代指上文的achievements，与take为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用take的过去分词taken作状语，句首单词首字母大写。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$