课后提升练（14） Section Ⅲ Using language—Grammar（Word练习）-【优化指导】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版2019）

课后提升练(十四) Section Ⅲ　Using language—Grammar [对应学生用书P214] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．That female college graduates get a job appears to be rather difficult nowadays in China. 2．It's hard for elderly people to see what convenience a smartphone can bring to them. 3．All these listening lessons can allow you to learn how the English languageworks. 4．Air pollution is what most Chinese people are concerned about nowadays，because their health is being threatened. 5．Tu Youyou discovered a new treatment for malaria.That's why she won the Nobel Prize for Medicine. 6．What I believe is that you need to act smartly，instead of following what everyone else is doing. 7．It is estimated that extreme weather conditions have endangered the lives of millions of African children. 8．The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag. 9．Why they suddenly disappeared remains a mystery now. 10．She declined to reveal who was involved in the conversation. Ⅱ.选词填空 make a getaway，run for one's life，check out，test the waters，steer clear of，set out，throw oneself into，think twice，shrink from，look into 1.The girl throws_herself_into every performance as a dancer. 2．We set_out to find the truth behind the mystery. 3．The committee was set up to look_into the cause of the accident. 4．You should think_twice about employing someone you've never met. 5．You'd better steer_clear_of being associated with such people. 6．The gunman attempted to make_a_getaway on a stolen motorbike but failed. 7．With pieces of masonry (砖石) falling all around her，she ran_for_her_life hurriedly. 8．Guests must check_out before noon，or they will be charged for another day. 9．We will not shrink_from the difficult choices we have to make. 10．Such work builds your resume and lets you test_the_waters in your new field. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．无论谁在考试中失败都不应该丧失信心。 Whoever_fails_in_the_exam should not lose heart. 2．我们认为每个市民都有礼貌是重要的。 We think_it_important_that every citizen should have good manners. 3．你错过了那部电影真是遗憾。 It's_a_pity_that you missed the film. 4．我对他们是否信任我不感兴趣。 I am not interested in whether_they_believe_in_me_or_not． 5．他缺席的原因是他生病了。 The reason for his absence was that_he_was_ill． Ⅰ.完形填空 (2022·河北保定高二下期末)Reilly，my daughter's dog，enjoys running about in the huge backyard all day.Despite his __1__ lifestyle，Reilly is a bit overweight.That's because Reilly is always hungry and he always __2__ watches us eat anything. Sometimes，he will hold his bowl in his mouth，__3__ that someone will put dog treats in it.Then he will drop the bowl on the floor so that the treats jump out，and he goes at them fast like lightning.He loves this __4__！ If we're preparing dinner and ignoring him，he carries his bowl to the __5__ and drops it with a loud noise.He hopes to draw our attention and reminds us Reilly's __6__． One day，Reilly __7__，and my daughter Erin didn't know where he went.He isn't __8__ to leave our home alone，and usually he doesn't.Erin was __9__ and walked to neighbors' homes to __10__ him.No Reilly. Some time later，the big dog was back and not __11__．In his huge mouth was a piece of delicious cooked beef，still __12__．Whose dinner was this and where did he get it？__13__ seemed to know a thing about it.Only one big yellow dog knew，but he wasn't __14__．To this day，not a single neighbor has reported the theft.It's still a __15__． 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 1．A.peaceful B．active C.simple D．boring 2．A.thankfully B．amazedly C.fixedly D．nervously 3．A.proving B．hoping C.promising D．admitting 4．A.work B．rule C．choice D．game 5．A.kitchen B．yard C．street D．park 6．A.hungry B．angry C.lonely D．thirsty 7．A.hid B．disappeared C.suffered D．changed 8．A.required B．guided C．allowed D．inspired 9．A.curious B．awkward C.careless D．worried 10．A.respond to B．care for C.turn to D．look for 11．A.kind­hearted B．simple­minded C.cold­blooded D．empty­handed 12．A.dirty B．smelly C.warm D．expensive 13．A.Anybody B．Everybody C.Nobody D．Somebody 14．A.talking B．singing C.shouting D．arguing 15．A.deal B．mystery C．danger D．reminder 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。狗狗Reilly的精力和食欲都很旺盛。关于它从何处弄来美味的牛肉仍旧是一个谜。 1．B　解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管他的生活方式很活跃，但Reilly有点超重。A.peaceful平静的；B.active活跃的；C.simple简单的；D.boring无聊的。由上文的“Reilly，my daughter's dog，enjoys running about in the huge backyard all day.(我女儿的狗Reilly喜欢整天在巨大的后院里跑来跑去。)”可知，Reilly很活跃。 2．C　解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：那是因为Reilly总是饿，他总是盯着我们吃任何东西。A.thankfully高兴地；感激地；B.amazedly吃惊地；C.fixedly目不转睛地；D.nervously紧张地。由上文的“Reilly is always hungry”和下文的“watches us eat anything”可知，总处于饥饿状态的Reilly会盯着作者一家人吃东西(因为Reilly想吃)。 3．B　解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时，他会把碗叼在嘴里，希望有人能把狗粮放进去。A.proving证明；B.hoping希望；C.promising承诺；D.admitting承认。由上文“ Reilly is always hungry”和“he will hold his bowl in his mouth”以及下文的“someone will put dog treats in it”可知，总处于饥饿状态的Reilly叼碗的目的是希望有人能把狗粮放进去。 4．D　解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他喜欢这个游戏！A.work工作；B.rule规则；C.choice选择；D.game 游戏。用game指上文“he will drop the bowl on the floor so that the treats jump out，and he goes at them fast like lightning(他会把碗掉在地板上，让狗粮跳出来，然后他像闪电一样快速地向它们扑去)”可知，这是Reilly的吃狗粮游戏。 5．A　解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我们正在准备晚餐，而忽略了他，他会把碗拿到厨房，然后把碗扔下来，弄出很大的声音。A.kitchen厨房；B.yard院子；C.street街上；D.park公园。由上文的“If we're preparing dinner”可知，作者一家人应是在厨房准备晚餐，Reilly带着碗去厨房找主人。 6．A　解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他希望引起我们的注意，并提醒我们Reilly饿了。A.hungry饥饿的；B.angry生气的；C.lonely孤独的；D.thirsty口渴的。由上文的“he carries his bowl”可知，Reilly带着碗找主人讨食，说明Reilly饿了。 7．B　解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，Reilly失踪了，我女儿Erin不知道他去了哪里。A.hid躲藏；B.disappeared 消失，失踪；C.suffered遭受；D.changed改变。由下文的“my daughter Erin didn't know where he went(我女儿Erin不知道他去了哪里)”可知，Reilly失踪了。 8．C　解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不被允许独自离开我们的家，通常他不会这样做。A.required要求；B.guided 引导；C.allowed允许；D.inspired激励。由下文的“to leave our home alone”和常识可知，狗狗不被允许独自离开家。 9．D　解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Erin很担心，走去邻居家找他。A.curious好奇的；B.awkward尴尬的；C.careless粗心的；D.worried担忧的。由上文的“my daughter Erin didn't know where he went(我女儿Erin不知道他去了哪里)”可知，Reilly失踪了，作者女儿很担心。 10．D　解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意见上题解析。A.respond to回应；B.care for照顾；C.turn to求助于；D.look for寻找。由上文的“my daughter Erin didn't know where he went(我女儿Erin不知道他去了哪里)”可知，Reilly失踪了，作者女儿因为担心爱犬，而去寻找Reilly。 11．D　解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：过了一段时间，狗狗回来了，并不是空手而归。A.kind­hearted好心的；B.simple­minded头脑简单的；C.cold­blooded冷血的；D.empty­handed空手的。由下文的“In his huge mouth was a piece of delicious cooked beef(在他巨大的嘴巴里有一块美味的熟牛肉)”可知，Reilly带着牛肉回来，不是空手而归。 12．C　解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在他巨大的嘴巴里有一块美味的熟牛肉，牛肉仍旧温热。A.dirty脏的；B.smelly有臭味的；C.warm温热的；D.expensive昂贵的。由上文的“In his huge mouth was a piece of delicious cooked beef(在他巨大的嘴巴里有一块美味的熟牛肉)”可知，熟牛肉应该还是温热的。 13．C　解析：考查代词词义辨析。句意：似乎没有人知道这件事。A.Anybody任何人；B.Everybody每个人；C.Nobody没有人；D.Somebody有人，某人。由下文的“To this day，not a single neighbor has reported the theft.(到目前为止，没有一个邻居报告过这起盗窃案。)”可知，没人知道Reilly是从哪里弄来的美味的牛肉。 14．A　解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：只有一只黄色的大狗知道，但他不会说话。A.talking讲话；B.singing 唱歌；C.shouting叫喊；D.arguing争辩。由上文的“Only one big yellow dog knew(只有一只黄色的大狗知道)”和常识可知，只有Reilly知道牛肉是从哪儿来的，但狗不会说话，所以没人知道Reilly是从哪里弄来的美味的牛肉。 15．B　解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这仍然是个谜。A.deal交易；B.mystery神秘，谜；C.danger危险；D.reminder 提醒的事物。由上文的“Only one big yellow dog knew(只有一只黄色的大狗知道)”和“To this day，not a single neighbor has reported the theft.(到目前为止，没有一个邻居报告过这起盗窃案。)”可知，Reilly是从哪里弄来的牛肉仍然是个谜。 Ⅱ.七选五阅读 (2022·辽宁大连高二下期末)Like space exploration，deep sea exploration requires new instruments and technology.The ocean depths are cold and dark and are under high pressure.1.______. Finding the Bottom In the 8th century，lead weights which were attached to ropes are dropped to measure water depth.Beginning in the 19th century，researchers used wire rather than rope to take sounding measurements.In the modern era，acoustic(声学的) depth measurement devices are widely used.2.______. Human Exploration Once people knew where the sea floor was，3.______.Science has progressed way beyond the diving bell，a huge bottle containing air that could be lowered into the water.The first submarine was built by Cornelius Drebbel in 1623.The first underwater breathing device was invented in 1865.In 1964，Alvin was tested.Alvin was built by General Mills and operated by the US Navy.Alvin allowed three people to remain underwater for as long as nine hours and as deep as 14，800 feet.Modern submarines can travel as deep as 20，000 feet. Robotic Exploration While humans have visited the bottom of the Mariana Trench，4.______.Further exploration relies on modern robotic systems. Remotely Operated Vehicles(ROVs) are controlled by researchers on a ship.ROVs typically carry cameras，manipulator(操作) arms，sonar equipment，and sample containers. Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) operate without human control.5.______.Some vehicles，such as the Nereus，act as either a ROV or AUV. A.But diving deep never ends B.Humans are curious about the sea C.they have made a lot of discoveries D.they wanted to visit and examine it E.the trips only allowed limitedexploration F.Basically，they produce a loud sound and listen for echoes to measure distance G.They generate maps，measure temperature and chemicals，and take photographs 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。人类对深海的探索从未停止过，人类利用了各种方式来探测深海的底部有多深。 1．A　解析：根据前文“The ocean depths are cold and dark and are under high pressure.(海洋深处又冷又黑，承受着高压。)”以及后文“In the 8th century，lead weights which were attached to ropes are dropped to measure water depth.(在8世纪，人们放下绑在绳子上的铅锤来测量水深。)”“Science has progressed way beyond the diving bell，a huge bottle containing air that could be lowered into the water.(科学的进步远远超过了潜水钟，潜水钟是一个巨大的瓶子，里面装着可以放入水中的空气。)”可知，尽管深海又黑又冷，但是人类一直在尝试各种方式去探测深海，因此选项A“But diving deep never ends(但是深海潜水永无止境)”与前文构成转折关系，同时引起下文，符合语意。 2．F　解析：根据前文“Beginning in the 19th century，researchers used wire rather than rope to take sounding measurements.In the modern era，acoustic depth measurement devices are widely used.(从19世纪开始，研究人员使用钢丝而不是绳索进行测深测量。在现代，声学深度测量装置得到了广泛的应用。)”可知，研究者们通过测量声音来判断海底的深度，选项F中的“a loud sound”与前文的“take sounding measurements”相对应，F选项“Basically，they produce a loud sound and listen for echoes to measure distance(基本上，它们会发出很大的声音，然后听回声来测量距离)”符合语意，they指代上文的“acoustic depth measurement devices”。故选F项。 3．D　解析：根据后文的“The first submarine ...deep as 20，000 feet.(第一艘潜艇由科尼利厄斯·德雷贝尔于1623年建造。第一个水下呼吸装置于1865年发明。1964年，阿尔文接受了测试。阿尔文由通用磨坊建造，由美国海军操作。阿尔文允许三个人在水下停留长达九个小时，深度达14 800英尺。现代潜艇可以航行到20 000英尺深。)”可知，人们发明和创造了很多东西来帮助自己去探索深海，由此可知人们对于深海是充满了兴趣和好奇的，一旦确定深海在哪儿，他们一定去看看深海是什么样的。故选项D“they wanted to visit and examine it(他们就想去参观考察)”引起下文内容，符合语意。 4．E　解析：根据后文“Further exploration relies on modern robotic systems.(进一步的探索依赖于现代的机器人系统。)”可知，人类探索的能力有限，更进一步的探索需要借助现代的机器人系统，故选项E“the trips only allowed limited exploration(但这些旅程只能进行有限的勘探)”说明了人类探索的局限性，同时引出下文借助机器人系统来探索的重要性。故选E项。 5．G　解析：根据前文“Remotely Operated Vehicles ...human control.(远程操纵潜水器由船上的研究人员控制。远程操纵潜水器通常携带摄像机、机械臂、声呐设备和样本容器。自主水下航行器在没有人类控制的情况下运行。)”以及后文“Some vehicles，such as the Nereus，act as either a ROV or AUV.(有些工具，如Nereus，可以作为远程操纵潜水器或自主水下航行器。)”可知，这些远程操控的机器有携带摄像机、机械臂、声呐设备和样本容器等，能够实现诸如拍照等多种功能，故选项G“They generate maps，measure temperature and chemicals，and take photographs(他们绘制地图，测量温度和化学物质，并拍摄照片)”符合语意。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$