课时测评15 Section Ⅳ Using language-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（外研版）

课时测评15　Section Ⅳ　Using language (时间：45分钟　满分：79分) [语境基础练] 维度一　单句语法填空(每小题1分，共9分) 1．They also need to be ready to give interviewers in English with international journalists.This is why they need an English trainer. 2．What Mario had given us was the taste of the Garfagnana. 3．Cobb，for her part，started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak whether/if she could do so remotely. 4．BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool that gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. 5．What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out­of­this­world scenes. 6．What puzzles Lily's friends is why she always has so many crazy ideas. 7．Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on what could be hunted or gathered from the wild. 8．It is not a problem whether we can win the battle；it's just a matter of time. 9．The student completed this experiment to make come true what_Professor Joseph had said. 维度二　语法与写作(每小题3分，共15分) 1．我们已经为她提供了这份工作，但我不知道她是否会接受。 We’ve offered her the job，but I don’t know whether she’ll accept it． 2．为了掌握普通话，建议你和中国人一起练习。 To master Mandarin，it is suggested that you (should)practice with Chinese people． 3．你不懂规则不能成为你失败的借口。 That you didn’t know the rules won’t be an excuse for your failure. 4．我们足球队赢了比赛的消息令人鼓舞。 The news that our football team won the match was encouraging. 5．问题是是否值得一试。 The question is whether it is worth trying． 维度三　语法与语篇(每小题1.5分，共15分) 用适当的连接词完成语段 I don’t know 1.whether you have noticed 2.that some students don’t want to walk to school.What can be seen every day is that their parents drive them to school.But nowadays，what we should realize is 3.that the air is seriously polluted.Do you know 4.what we can do about it? I think 5.it important that we should take action right now.Here I have a suggestion 6.that we 7.(should) ride(ride) on our bikes to school！8.How we can do it will not only have significant benefits for our health，but also help improve our environment.9.Whether we will have a better environment depends on 10.what we can do for ourselves and for nature. [素能提升练] Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共10分) (2025·安徽省蚌埠市高二上期末) Microbiologists have designed a sustainable way to remove polluting microplastics from the environment by using bacteria.Initial design as it is，it paves the way for sustainably lowering plastic pollution levels and stop the “plastification”． Bacteria naturally tend to group together and stick to surfaces，and this creates a sticky material called “biofilm”．Researchers at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) want to use this adhesive bacteria character and capture microplastics in polluted water to form an easily disposable and recyclable blob(团). Sylvia Lang Liu，microbiology researcher at PolyU and lead researcher on this project，together with his team，has engineered a bacterial biofilm，which can fix and absorb microplastics floating around in the water，and make them sink to the bottom of the water.Then the researchers can separate the microplastics from the bacteria traps and get them ready to recycle. Microplastics are the plastic fragments，usually smaller than 5mm，which are accidentally released into the environment during production and breakdown of grocery bags or water bottles，or during everyday activities such as washing synthetic (合成的) clothes or using personal care products with scrubbing microbeads in them.Microplastics are visually tiny，making it challenging to develop effective solutions to trap，collect，and recycle them. Microplastics are not easily biodegradable (生物降解的)，so they stick around for long and absorb and accumulate poisonous chemicals.They spread into wastewater and into the oceans，endangering marine animals and eventually threatening human health.Microplastics had been found in more than 114 species living in the water and also salt，lettuce，apples，and more in 2018 according to the International Maritime Organization. “This is an innovative application of biofilm engineering to address the plastic pollution crisis，” said Dr Joanna Sadler，researcher at University of Edinburgh，who was not involved in this study.“One of the biggest challenges in dealing with microplastics is capturing such small particles.Liu and co-workers have demonstrated an elegant solution to this problem，which holds great potential to be further developed into a real-world wastewater treatment technology.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了微生物学家设计了一种可持续的方法，利用细菌去除环境中的污染微塑料。 1．Which of the following best explains the underlined word “adhesive” in Paragraph 2? A．Floating. B．Sticky. C．Diverse. D．Visual. 答案：B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句可知，细菌会黏在表面上形成一种叫做生物膜的黏性物质，并且科学家们想利用这种细菌特性。因此可推断出，adhesive 就是“有黏性的”。故选B。 2．Why are microplastics hard to capture? A．They are visually too small. B．They are hard to biodegrade. C．They continue to exist for long. D．They are poisonous chemicals. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，微塑料很难收集是因为他们看起来很微小。故选A。 3．What can be learned from the last paragraph? A．Small particles are essential to address water pollution. B．Biofilm has been widely used to settle plastic pollution. C．Sadler thinks little of the biofilm engineering application. D．Biofilm application is promising for wastewater treatment. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，生物学家们已经演示了一个处理微塑料的方法，这个方法很有潜力被研发成一项废水处理科技。所以 D 项“生物膜工程在废水处理方面很有前景”正确。故选D。 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Microplastic removal. B．Uses of bacteria. C．Wastewater treatment. D．Plastic pollution. 答案：A 解析：主旨大意题。根据本文第一段第一句可知，短文主要是讲述微生物学家设计出了一种方法移除环境中有污染性的微塑料。因此本文的标题为“微塑料的移除”。故选A。 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2025·黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市高二上期末) Elephants have a good memory and they can recall the smell of a relative even after a decade apart. When Franziska Horner and her team 　1　 planned reunions (团聚) between two mother-daughter pairs at zoos in Germany，they took advantage of the chance to test the elephants’ 　2　．One pair had been 　3　 for two years，　4　 the other had spent 12 years apart. Franziska 　5　 faecal (排泄物的) samples from these African elephants and others at German zoos，carrying the smelly 10-to-15-kilogram faeces around in her tiny car.Her team 　6　 these samples one at a time to the four elephants 　7　 their reunions. When they encountered faeces from 　8　 elephants，either those in the same zoo or unfamiliar animals，they sniffed (闻) the faeces piles and walked away.But when presented with a 　9　 from the mother or daughter they were due to be reunited with，the female elephants 　10　 sniffed the samples and showed a variety of 　11　，from making deep sounds to swinging their ears. Such reactions may be linked to positive emotions，the researchers say.“That was amazing and intense，” says Franziska.“We were sure they did 　12　，and they knew exactly what they were 　13　 there.The sample size was small，but it would be 　14　 to do similar tests on elephants that weren’t being reunited.” “I am not surprised that elephants have memories，especially in social contexts，that 　15　 a long time，” says another scientist. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了大象的记忆力很好，即便分开十年，它们也可以记得亲人的气味。 1．A.heard about B．worried about C．gave up D．lined up 答案：A 解析：根据句中的“they took advantage of the chance to test”可知，他们听说了有两对大象母女计划在德国动物园团聚。故选A。 2．A.tastes B．entertainments C．efforts D．memories 答案：D 解析：根据上文中的“Elephants have a good memory”可知，这里是memory的原词复现，他们利用这个机会想测试大象的记忆。故选D。 3．A.ignored B．separated C．abandoned D．observed 答案：B 解析：根据句中的“had spent 12 years apart”可知，这里是说一对大象母女已经分开两年了。故选B。 4．A.once B．until C．while D．because 答案：C 解析：句中的“One pair had been ________for two years”和“the other had spent 12 years apart”之间是对比关系，应用while连接并列句。故选C。 5．A.cleaned B．mixed C．collected D．adjusted 答案：C 解析：根据下文中的“Her team ________these samples one at a time to the four elephants ________their reunions.”可知，Franziska从大象身上收集粪便样本，用来测试这四头大象。故选C。 6．A.presented B．lent C．awarded D．recommended 答案：A 解析：根据空后的“these samples one at a time to the four elephants”以及下文中的presented并结合常识，他们应该是把这些粪便展示给大象，让他们闻一闻是否有亲人熟悉的味道。故选A。 7．A.in addition to B．in advance of C．in contrast to D．in case of 答案：B 解析：根据下文中的“the mother or daughter they were due to be reunited with”可知，这四头大象即将团聚，所以这里是说在它们团聚之前让它们闻粪便样本。故选B。 8．A.frightened B．trained C．unprotected D．unrelated 答案：D 解析：根据下文But后的“when presented with a ________from the mother or daughter they were due to be reunited with”可知，下文讲述的是闻母亲或女儿的粪便，这里应是说闻无亲缘关系的大象粪便。故选D。 9．A.sample B．note C．picture D．voice 答案：A 解析：根据上文中的“faecal (排泄物的) samples”可知，这里是sample的原词复现，表示被出示自己母亲或女儿的粪便样本。故选A。 10．A.hardly B．rarely C．repeatedly D．secretly 答案：C 解析：根据But前的“they sniffed (闻) the faeces piles and walked away”可知，母象闻无亲缘关系的大象粪便时，闻一下就离开了，而这里与之形成转折，母象闻母亲或女儿的粪便时，会反复闻。故选C。 11．A.species B．reasons C．situations D．reactions 答案：D 解析：根据空后的“from making deep sounds to swinging their ears”可知，发出低沉的声音、摆动耳朵等动作都是大象闻到亲人粪便时做出的各种反应。故选D。 12．A.remember B．agree C．exist D．research 答案：A 解析：根据第一段“Elephants have a good memory and they can recall the smell of a relative even after a decade apart.”并结合上文让大象闻粪便样本的实验发现可知，这里是说研究人员确定大象记得亲人的气味。故选A。 13．A.finding B．moving C．smelling D．touching 答案：C 解析：根据上文中的“they sniffed (闻) the faeces piles”和“sniffed the samples”可知，这里是sniff的原词复现，表示它们知道自己闻的到底是什么味道。故选C。 14．A.proud B．cruel C．unsafe D．unhealthy 答案：B 解析：根据空后的“to do similar tests on elephants that weren’t being reunited”并结合常识可知，对不会团聚的大象进行类似的测试很残酷，因为即便它们发现了亲人的味道，也最终无法在一起。故选B。 15．A.wait B．last C．waste D．take 答案：B 解析：根据第一段中的“they can recall the smell of a relative even after a decade apart”并结合上文实验可知，两对分离分别为两年和十年的大象在测试中闻出了亲人的气味，由此可知，大象的记忆能够持续很久。故选B。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2025·安徽省合肥市高二上期末) Emerging evidence in humans suggests a 1.__________ (typical) Western high-fat，high-sugar junk food diet can quickly weaken your brain’s appetite control. After offering volunteers a week-long binge (大吃大喝) of waffles，milkshakes and similarly rich foods，researchers in Australia found young and healthy ones scored worse on memory tests and experienced a 2.__________ (great) desire to eat junk food，even when they were already full. The findings suggest something is special in the hippocampus (海马体)—a region of the brain 3.__________ supports memory and helps to regulate appetite.When we are full，the hippocampus is thought to quieten down our memories of delicious food，thereby 4.__________ (reduce) our appetite.When it’s interrupted，5.__________ control can be seriously damaged.Over the years，extensive research on 6.__________ (mouse) has found the function of the hippocampus is very sensitive to junk food，but recently this has been observed only in young and healthy humans. In 2017，after a week of Western-style breakfasts of 7.__________ (toast) sandwiches and milkshakes，researchers found participants performed worse on learning and memory tests which are typically dependent 8.__________ the hippocampus. Now，in this latest study the scientists of the team 9.__________ (find) that not only do such high-fat，high-sugar diets impair memory in humans，but they appear to directly affect our ability 10.__________ (control) our appetite. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们新发现的证据显示典型的西方高脂肪、高糖垃圾食品饮食会迅速削弱大脑的食欲控制。 1．答案：typically 解析：考查副词。分析句意可知，Western是形容词，应用副词typically修饰。故填typically。 2．答案：greater 解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据句意可知，此处应使用great的比较级来指代他们的食欲增加。故填greater。 3．答案：that/which 解析：考查关系词。分析句子结构可知，a region of the brain 是hippocampus的同位语，此句的谓语是suggest，故supports是从句的谓语，先行词是hippocampus，在从句中作主语，故填that/which。 4．答案：reducing 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知reduce在句中应用非谓语动词作结果状语，应用现在分词。故填reducing。 5．答案：the 解析：考查冠词。根据上文可知，control是第二次提及，故用定冠词the。故填the。 6．答案：mice 解析：考查名词的复数。从句意可知，mouse应使用复数形式。故填mice。 7．答案：toasted 解析：考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，“烤三明治”是完成的状态，故用过去分词。故填toasted。 8．答案：on 解析：考查介词。根据固定用法be dependent on，意为“依靠，依赖”。故填on。 9．答案：have found 解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据句意可知，这项研究从过去到现在一直没有中断，而且对现在产生了影响，应用现在完成时。主语为the scientists of the team，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填have found。 10．答案：to control 解析：考查非谓语动词。ability to do sth是习惯性用法，意为“做某事的能力”。故填 to control。 学生用书第143页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $