课后提升练（11） Section Ⅲ Using language—Grammar（Word练习）-【优化指导】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版2019）

课后提升练(十一) Section Ⅲ　Using language—Grammar [对应学生用书P205] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the Britain Museum which/that opened in 1759. 2．On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth which/that gives off light in the dark. 3．They were well trained by their masters who/that had great experience with caring for these animals. 4．My eldest son，whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment. 5．The exact year which Anglela and her family spent together in China was 2008. 6．I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, which my classmates recommended to me. 7．Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth. 8．I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. 9．Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position. 10．Until now, we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children, which is quite unexpected. 11．Many young people, most of whom were well­educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 12．As is often the case with old people, my grandfather is fond of talking about good old days. Ⅱ.将下列句子改写成定语从句 1．There are many useful suggestions.They can help us improve English. →There_are_many_useful_suggestions_which_can_help_us_improve_English. 2．Japan lies along the Pacific “Ring of Fire”．It often suffers earthquake. →Japan_lies_along_the_Pacific_“Ring_of_Fire”，_which_often_suffers_earthquake. 3．I remember my school days.During those days any one of us was in trouble，he always encouraged us not to lose heart. →I_remember_my_school_days_during_which_any_one_of_us_was_in_trouble,_he_always_encouraged_us_not_to_lose_heart. 4．It is known to the world that China is making great progress. →As_is_known_to_the_world,_China_is_making_great_progress. 5．There were hundreds of people present at the meeting.Many of them were foreigners. →There_were_hundreds_of_people_present_at_the_meeting,_many_of_whom_were_foreigners. Ⅲ.用适当的关系词填空 The very film 1.that is called Titanic is such a beautiful and sad love story 2.as is popular with the public，3.whose hero and heroine are Jack and Rose.Rose was a young beautiful woman 4.who went to America with her mother.Jack，5.who won a ship ticket by playing cards，was a poor painter.They met and fell in love with each other on Titanic 6.where they had a happy time.Sadly，the nice journey was destroyed by a huge ice­berg，7.when Jack lost his life for saving Rose(Everyone will be moved by the selfless way in 8.which most people can't behave in real life).Before Jack left Rose forever，he encouraged Rose to live well for him.9.As is known to all，love is the strongest strength.And that's the reason 10.why Rose could live alone and tell us the moving story. Ⅰ.完形填空 (2022·河北省石家庄二中高二期末)A few years back a group of young teachers from another school was spending a day in my class.They were energetic, bright and __1__．However, I noticed a key __2__ in their approach to teaching.Their desire to help kids was so strong that they never allowed the students to get the wrong answer or take a __3__． We were building __4__ that week.My students were working in groups of four.Each group was __5__ a small Viking model rocket, instructions, and the materials with which to put it __6__．The challenge for each team was to precisely measure，__7__，and assemble their project.One group was trying hard but making mistakes in the placement of missile sections.Several of the teachers __8__ going over to the kids to show them how to build the rocket __9__．On a number of occasions I had to politely but firmly ask them to leave the kids alone. It's important to remember that we __10__ individually define the word failure.In my class, a rocket that doesn't fly is not a failure.Failure __11__ only when students stop trying to solve a problem.It may be solved in five minutes, or it may take two months, as was the case where my students built an enormous roller coaster and could not create a loop with enough centripetal force to allow the cars to move along the track safely.__12__ those two months of failed trials were some of the most fascinating and exciting times the kids had in science that year.And when the roller coaster finally __13__， the kids could say they did it themselves.They __14__ the physics of the roller coaster.I did the best teaching during those two months when I decided to __15__ and leave the kids alone. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 1．A.curious B．cute C.caring D．encouraging 2．A.role B．reason C．goal D．mistake 3．A.fall B．break C．guess D．tour 4．A.cars B．roller coasters C.rockets D．tracks 5．A.showed B．given C．called D．awarded 6．A.together B．down C．back D．aside 7．A.present B．plan C．buy D．read 8．A.avoided B．forbade C.suggested D．kept 9．A.quickly B．firmly C.correctly D．politely 10．A.students B．parents C．friends D．teachers 11．A.continues B．happens C.stops D．matters 12．A.Thus B．Now C．Then D．But 13．A.broke B．appeared C.worked D．opened 14．A.taught B．understood C.created D．changed 15．A.shut up B．come up C．get up D．keep up 【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。几年前，一群来自另一所学校的年轻教师来到作者的课堂上，他们精力充沛、有爱心。在组装火箭模型时，他们一直在指导学生如何正确组装。但作者认为学生应该独立完成任务，在错误中不断改进和提高，老师应该少参与到学生的任务之中。 1．C　解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们精力充沛、聪明、有爱心。A.curious好奇的；B.cute可爱的；C.caring关心他人的； D．encouraging令人鼓舞的。根据上文“young teachers”以及“energetic, bright”，再根据下文“Their desire to help kids was so strong”可知，他们有爱心。故选C。 2．D　解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，我注意到他们的教学方法中有一个关键错误。A.role角色；B.reason原因；C.goal目标；D.mistake错误。根据下文“Their desire to help kids was so strong that they never allowed the students to get the wrong answer or take a __3__．”可知，作者注意到他们教学方法中的一个关键错误——不让学生犯错。故选D。 3．A　解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们帮助孩子的愿望是如此强烈，以至于他们从不允许学生得到错误的答案或落后。A.fall掉落； B．break中断；改变；C.guess猜想；D.tour旅游。根据上文“they never allowed the students to get the wrong answer”可知，他们从不允许学生得到错误的答案或落后。故选A。 4．C　解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：那一周我们在制作火箭。A.cars汽车；B.roller coasters过山车；C.rockets 火箭；D.tracks轨道。根据下文“Viking model rocket”可知，那一周学生们在制作火箭。故选C。 5．B　解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个小组都拿到了一个小型维京火箭模型、说明书以及组装火箭所需的材料。A.showed展示；B.given给予；C.called 打电话；D.awarded授予。根据下文“a small Viking model rocket, instructions, and the materials with which to put it __6__”可知，每个小组都拿到(或被给予)了一个小型维京火箭模型、说明书以及组装火箭所需的材料。故选B。 6．A　解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.together一起；B.down在下面；C.back回来； D．aside在旁边。根据下文“assemble their project”以及“how to build the rocket”可知，学生一起组装火箭。故选A。 7．B　解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个团队面临的挑战是精确地测量、计划和组装他们的部件。A.present呈现；B.plan 计划；C.buy买；D.read读。根据上文“precisely measure”以及“assemble their project”可知，对于组装火箭，每个团队面临的挑战是精确地测量、计划和组装他们的部件。故选B。 8．D　解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：有几个老师一直在指导学生，告诉他们如何正确地制作火箭。A.avoided避免；B.forbade禁止；C.suggested建议；D.kept保持。根据下文“On a number of occasions I had to politely but firmly ask them to leave the kids alone.”可知，作者不得不要求老师不要打扰孩子们，说明有几个老师一直在指导学生，keep doing sth.一直做某事。故选D。 9．C　解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A.quickly快速地；B.firmly坚固地；C.correctly正确地；D.politely礼貌地。根据上文“Several of the teachers __8__ going over to the kids to show them”可知，有几个老师一直在指导学生，应该是告诉学生如何正确地制作火箭。故选C。 10．D　解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：重要的是要记住，我们教师都是单独定义失败这个词的。A.students学生；B.parents父母；C.friends朋友；D.teachers教师。根据上文“A few years back a group of young teachers from another school was spending a day in my class.”可知，我们教师都是单独定义失败这个词的。故选D。 11．B　解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：只有当学生停止尝试解决问题时，失败才会发生。A.continues继续；B.happens发生；C.stops阻止； D．matters要紧。根据上文“In my class, a rocket that doesn't fly is not a failure.”和下文“when students stop trying to solve a problem”可知，于作者而言，火箭不起飞不是失败，只有当学生停止尝试解决问题时，失败才会发生。故选B。 12．D　解析：考查连词和副词词义辨析。句意：但那两个月失败的试验是那一年孩子们在科学领域最有吸引力和最激动人心的时刻。A.Thus因此；B.Now现在；C.Then然后；D.But但是。根据上文“as was the case where my students built an enormous roller ...track safely”可知，上文假设暗喻学生组装火箭失败，与下文的“失败反而是那一年孩子们在科学领域最有吸引力和最激动人心的时刻”，前后为转折关系。故选D。 13．C　解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：当过山车最终成功运转时，孩子们可以说他们自己独立完成了任务。A.broke打破；B.appeared出现；C.worked(机器或设备)运转； D．opened打开。根据下文“the kids could say they did it themselves”可知，最终过山车成功运转了。故选C。 14．B　解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们了解过山车的物理原理。A.taught 教；B.understood明白； C．created创造；D.changed改变。根据上文“And when the roller coaster finally __13__， the kids could say they did it themselves.”可知，孩子们自己独立完成了组装过山车的任务，说明他们了解过山车的物理原理。故选B。 15．A　解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：在那两个月里，我做了最好的教学，我决定不给予孩子们指导，让孩子们独自完成。A.shut up闭嘴；B.come up被提出；C.get up起床；D.keep up保持。根据下文“leave the kids alone”可知，作者让孩子们独自完成，所以作者决定闭嘴(不去指导学生)。故选A。 Ⅱ.语法填空 (2022·辽宁省重点高中协作体高二期末)A new phenomenon is taking hold worldwide—“shrinkflation”．This is when companies reduce the size of their products or range of services while 1.__________(maintain) prices.It is in reaction to the rising prices of raw materials needed in the process of 2.________(produce).Another way companies choose is 3.________(place) smaller items in larger boxes, making shoppers think they're getting more for their money.In fact，4.__________(consumer) become more sensitive to price than quantity or quality.Most shoppers will make a regular purchase, even if it has shrunk (缩小), as long as 5.__________ price has not risen. So far, the chocolate maker Cadbury 6.__________(choose) to shrink the size of one of its products by 10%.A company spokesperson said: “We expect to absorb costs in this difficult environment so we have had to make the decision to 7.__________(slight) reduce the weight of chocolate bars for the first time since 2012, so that we can keep them surviving in the fierce 8.__________(compete).” The service industry is also trying to keep from raising prices.The hotel chains Hilton have made it a rule 9.__________ guests must now request daily housekeeping services.Many other free services we have taken for granted are also 10.__________ the decrease. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了近些年较常见的“收缩性通货膨胀”这种经济现象，这是很多生产商和制造商在面临成本上升时，通过“减量不加价”的隐性加价手段，希望消费者继续购买他们的产品。 1．maintaining　解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这是指公司在保持价格的同时减少其产品或服务范围。分析句子结构可知，while引导的状语从句进行了省略，当时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且有be时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。companies与maintain是主动关系。故填maintaining。 2．production　解析：考查名词。句意：这是对生产过程中所需原材料价格上涨的反应。in the process of “在……的过程中”，of为介词，后面加名词。produce“生产”，其名词形式为production。故填production。 3．to place　解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：公司选择的另一种方式是把较小的物品放在较大的盒子里，让购物者认为他们花钱能得到更多。分析句子结构可知，本句话为主系表结构，空处为动词不定式作表语，对主语进行解释。故填to place。 4．consumers　解析：考查名词的数。句意：事实上，消费者对价格比对数量或质量更敏感。空处用名词作主语，根据become判断主语为复数形式。故填consumers。 5．the　解析：考查冠词。句意：只要价格没有上涨，大多数购物者都会定期购买，即使它已经缩水。空处特指前文中出现的价格，所以用定冠词the。故填the。 6．has chosen　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，巧克力制造商吉百利选择将其产品的尺寸缩小10%。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语动词。根据so far可知，句子用现在完成时。主语the chocolate maker Cadbury 为单数，助动词用has。故填has chosen。 7．slightly　解析：考查副词。句意：一位公司发言人表示：“我们希望在这种困难的环境下消化成本，因此我们不得不做出决定，自2012年以来首次略微减轻巧克力棒的重量，以便让它们在激烈的竞争中生存下来。”分析句子结构可知，空处修饰动词reduce，所以需要副词。故填slightly。 8．competition　解析：考查名词。句意见上题解析。根据空前的形容词fierce可知，空处需要名词。compete“竞争”，其名词形式为competition。故填competition。 9．that　解析：考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：希尔顿连锁酒店规定，客人现在必须要求提供日常客房服务。分析句子结构可知，it为形式宾语，而真正的宾语为后面的从句，所以空处引导宾语从句，宾语从句句意完整，不缺成分，所以用that引导。故填that。 10．on　解析：考查介词。句意：我们认为理所当然的许多其他免费服务也在减少。be on the decrease“正在减少”。故填on。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$