Unit 2 Section Ⅱ Using language—Grammar（Word教参）-【优化指导】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语必修第三册（外研版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Using language—Grammar 过去分词作定语 [对应学生用书P42] [观察] 1．As a six­year­old Canadian schoolboy, Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldn't get enough clean water. 2．In Uganda, Ryan at last saw the finished well with his own eyes. 3．He also saw hundreds of delighted students who had turned out to welcome him. 4．Many inspired people gave him their support. 5．This insight grew from the determined attitude of a six­year­old boy who had the courage and perseverance to make his dream a reality. [归纳] 1．过去分词作定语相当于形容词。 2．过去分词作定语，既可以放在被修饰词的前面也可以放在被修饰词的后面，即“名词＋过去分词”或者“过去分词＋名词”。 3．过去分词作定语表被动、完成或两者兼有。 [对应学生用书P42] 1．单个的过去分词作定语通常放在被修饰词之前。 The lost time can never be found again. 失去的时光再也找不回来了。 2．过去分词短语作定语则放在被修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句。 What's the language spoken in that area? ＝What's the language which/that is spoken in that area? 那个地区说什么语言？ ①有些单个的动词­ed形式，在习惯上往往置于被修饰词后。 There is little time left. 时间不多了。 ②动词­ed形式修饰something，everything，anything, nothing, nobody等不定代词或those时，常置于这些词的后面。 There will be something changed. 有些东西要改变了。 1．不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示动作已经完成；而及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示被动意义或已经完成，抑或两者兼具。 (1)只表示完成，不表示被动。 boiled water＝water that has boiled 开(过的)水 the fallen leaves＝the leaves that have fallen 落叶 a developed country＝a country which has developed 一个发达国家 (2)表示被动。 an honoured guest 一位受尊敬的客人 deeply moved people 深受感动的人们 (3)表示被动和完成。 the broken glass 碎了的杯子 the question discussed yesterday 昨天讨论的问题 有些及物动词的过去分词作定语，并不强调被动意义，而表示一种状态或结果。 Dressed in white，she looked very beautiful. 穿着白衣服，她看起来很漂亮。 The boy seated at the back of the classroom is clever. 坐在教室后面的那个男孩很聪明。 2．过去分词和现在分词作定语的区别 (1)过去分词一般表示被动含义，表示状态或完成的事。 Have you got your repaired watch? 你拿到那个修好的表了吗？ He is an advanced teacher. 他是一位高级教师。 (2)现在分词表示主动意义，表示正在进行。 He rushed into the burning house. 他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。 The boy standing over there is my brother. 站在那里的男孩子是我的弟弟。 过去分词和现在分词转化的形容词作定语的区别 过去分词作定语时用于描述某人或某物的感受或状态；现在分词作定语时用于描述由什么原因引起某人的感受。 Interested members will meet at two o'clock.