第3部分 专题1 第6讲 体裁破解——说明文(学案)-【衡中学案】2024年新高考英语二轮总复习

衡中学案·2024 年度创新设计·新高考 第 6 讲　 体裁破解———说明文 高频考点·研析透 　 GAO PIN KAO DIAN YAN XI TOU 　 　 　 　 辨 明 题 类 　 　 说明文是以说明为主要表达方式,用来说明事物、 阐明事理的一种文体。 它通过揭示概念来说明事物的 特征、本质及其规律性,给人准确的科学知识或传递某 种思想。 其基本模式是:观点—说明—总结。 说明文要通读全文,明确作者是针对哪一个说明 对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。 弄清说明 顺序,把握作者态度。 在说明的过程中作者会选择合 理的说明顺序对说明对象进行有条不紊地解说。 把握 了说明顺序,就能准确把握文章的脉络,加深对整篇文 章的理解。 技 法 点 拨 　 　 1. 快速通读全文,明确作者从什么角度和侧面对 哪一个说明对象进行说明的。 2. 把握每段的说明侧重点,理清段落之间的逻辑 关系,加深对说明对象的理解。 3. 清楚作者是按照时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序 还是认知顺序来展开说明的,进一步确定前后文的因 果关系、先后主次、由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整 体、由客观到本质等。 4. 抓住体现作者态度的关键词句,有利于掌握作 者的写作情感和意图。 真 题 体 验 (2022·全国乙卷改编) Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there􀆳s something highly exciting about 　 1　 someone else􀆳s glance and making oneself unable to be seen. However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 　 2　 at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 　 3　 . For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 　 4　 as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our 　 5　 research results in child developmental psychology contradicted that idea. We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 　 6　 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or ears. We then asked the child if she could 　 7　 or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn􀆳t. The same 　 8　 happened when the adult covered her own mouth: Now children said that they couldn􀆳t 　 9　 to her. A number of 　 10　 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects 　 11　 the questions and knew exactly what was asked of them. Their 　 12　 to the questions reflected their true belief that “ I can see you only if you can see me, too. ” They simply 　 13　 mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. Our 　 14　 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this metho