第2部分 专题1 第8讲 体裁破解——议论文(学案)-【衡中学案】2024年新高考英语二轮总复习

衡中学案·2024 年度创新设计·新高考 B. Physiological reactions can be monitored for most people. C. Frequent noise-caused sleep disturbances will disappear soon. D. Official policies can be put on noise pollution to guarantee better sleep. 16. What is the main idea of the text? 　 　 　 　 A. Noise during sleep affects your heart. B. Noise-free sleep is changing your life. C. Noise pollution during sleep will be banned. D. Various physical reactions arise during sleep. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 第 8 讲　 体裁破解———议论文 高频考点·研析透 　 GAO PIN KAO DIAN YAN XI TOU 　 　 　 　 　 　 议论文,也叫说理文,是一种剖析事物、论述事理、 发表意见、提出主张的文体。 文章主要是中外广泛关 注的社会话题和热点问题,作者通过摆事实、讲道理、 辨是非等手法,大多以“总—分—总”的结构行文,即 “提出问题—分析问题—解决问题”。 议论文的三要 素是论点、论据和论证,其目的是说服他人、宣扬观点, 或者说服读者接受某种意见或采取某种行动。 辨 明 题 类 　 　 议论文阅读理解难度相对比较大,命题角度多样 化,细节理解题、推理判断题、词句猜测题、主旨大意题 都有可能出现。 因此,在阅读议论文时,应该从结构和 内容两方面同时入手,先通读原文,再区分事实和观 点,明确论点、论证和论据,把握作者最后得出的结论。 技 法 点 拨 　 　 研读首段,确定论点:议论文的主旨,即论点往往 在首段,尤其是首段中有 however,but 等转折词时,其 后的内容便是论点。 细读中间段,把握论证方式:中间段是文章的主体 部分,即论证部分,作者会用两个或两个以上的段落通 过举例、引用、对比、列数字、引用事实和理论等进行论 证,这一部分往往与细节理解题的考查点相对应。 关注尾段,理解结论:尾段是结论部分,要弄清楚 作者所得出的结论。 真 题 体 验 (2023·全国乙卷 D) If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity􀆳s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things. Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can􀆳t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook􀆳s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain􀆳s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shiel