Unit2 Grammar and usage 语法·提升语言能力（word教参）-【新课程学案】新教材2023-2024学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（译林版2020）

Grammar and usage—语法·提升语言能力 课时目标 1.阅读一位中国留学生的个人自述，感受英美两国人在沟通方式上的差异，并在此基础上复习、总结定语从句的核心规则。 2.通过语法填空的练习，巩固所学，内化新知，然后阅读一篇以“文化禁忌”为话题的语篇，巩固所学语法知识，掌握中外文化禁忌，提升沟通能力。 3.正确使用目标语法，举例说明其他的文化禁忌，加深对中外文化差异的理解。 语法项目——复习定语从句 初识语法——在美文运用中体悟　 Isaac Asimov was an American scientist and writer who wrote around 500 books① that/which included mystery stories, science and history books, and even books about Shakespeare②.But his best－known work was his science fiction stories.Asimov had both an extraordinary imagination that/which gave him the ability to explore future worlds③ and an amazing mind with which he searched for explanations of everything in the present and the past④.Asimov's life began in Russia, where he was born⑤ on 2nd January, 1920.It ended in New York on 6th April, 1992, when he died⑥ as a result of an HIV infection that/which he had got from a blood transfusion nine years earlier⑦. 句①是关系代词who引导的定语从句，修饰指人的先行词an American scientist and writer； 句②是关系代词that/which 引导的定语从句，修饰指物的先行词books； 句③是关系代词that/which 引导的定语从句，修饰指物的先行词an extraordinary imagination； 句④是“介词＋关系代词which”引导的定语从句，修饰指物的先行词an amazing mind; 句⑤是关系副词where引导的定语从句，where在从句中作地点状语； 句⑥是关系副词when引导的定语从句，when在从句中作时间状语； 句⑦是关系代词that/which 引导的定语从句，修饰指物的先行词an HIV infection。 慧学语法——在归纳演绎中学通　 定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分。定语从句分为限制性和非限制性从句(与主句之间用逗号隔开)两种。定语从句的基本结构为：先行词＋关系代词或关系副词＋从句。关系词有三大作用：指代先行词；引导定语从句；在从句中充当句子成分。 一、关系代词的用法　 1．关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 先行词 句法功能 who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语 whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) whose (＝of whom/of which) 人或物 定语 that 人或物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) which 物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) as 人或物 主语、宾语 2.五种只用that而不用which的情况 (1)先行词是不定代词all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时； Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? 你有什么要为自己说的吗？ (2)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only, the very (恰恰，正好), the last, all, no, few, little, any等修饰时； This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。 This is the only thing that we can do now. 这是我们现在唯一能做的