专题05 定语从句（易错题归纳+易错通关训练）- 备战2024年中考英语考试易错题(上海专用)

2024年中考英语满分冲刺之易错题轻松突破 专题05 定语从句 基本概念 1、定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。 2、定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句，即，一个句子充当定语。 3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。如上面例句和图中的the team ，the man。 4、关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 基本分类 1、 限制性定语从句： 对先行词起限制修饰作用，是不可缺少的成分，去掉之后主句意义不完整。 2、 非限制性定语从句： 先行词与定语从句往往有逗号隔开，是对主句的补充说明，如果去掉，应该对整个句意没有影响。非限定定语从句相当于并列句，状语从句等。 （限制性）  1、This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。 （非限制性） 2、The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。 1. 指人的关系代词: who /whom / that 1.关系代词的基本应用 <1> 先行词在从句中作主语 eg: A doctor is a person who / that looks after people’s health. <2> 先行词在从句中作宾语 eg: Mr White invited many friends to his party (who /whom / that) he respected much. <3> 关系代词前有介词 eg: Nancy is the right person on whom you can depend. 小结： ⑴指人的关系代词中，在从句中充当主语的是who和that,且在句中不可以省略。 ⑵指人的关系代词中,在从句中充当宾语的是who，that和whom,且可以省略。 ⑶当关系代词前有介词时，指人只能用 whom。 2. 指物的关系代词: which / that <1> 先行词在从句中作主语 eg: The river which / that runs through the city brings us lots of pleasure. <2> 先行词在从句中作宾语 eg: The book (which / that) you just laid on the shelf is mine. <3> 关系代词前有介词 eg: Here is the money with which I will buy a piano. 小结：如何选定语从句中的关系词： ⑴指物的关系代词中，在从句中充当主语的是which和that,且在句中不可以省略。 ⑵指物的关系代词中,在从句中充当宾语的是which和that，且可以省略。 ⑶当关系代词前有介词时，指物只能用which。 ⑷ that既可指人又可指物。 3. 表示所有格：whose (既表示人的所有也表示物的所有) <1> 表示人的所有 eg: The girl whose father is a model worker is our monitor. <2> 表示物的所有 eg: I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea. <3>当关系代词whose指物时可以用“of+ which”替换；即whose +n=the + n + of which=of which + the + n 4. as引导定语从句的用法 ① as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same … as, such(so) … as结构中。 ② as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常译为“正如…；正像…”as引导的非限制性定语从句通常用于下列句型： as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect，as is often the case， as was expected, as often happens，as has been said before，as is mentioned above。 Eg: As is known to all, the earth turns around the sun. As was expected, he