内容正文:
专题08 主旨大意题通关练
1. 主旨大意题解题策略
2. 名校优选专项通关练
【解题策略】
主旨大意题是要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章进行归纳、概括或评价。解答此类题型时,不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义,比如关于title和main idea类题都需要在阅读全文的基础上,结合文化背景知识、语言知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断,从而发现文中隐含的信息。
从命题形式看:常见的有标题类和主旨大意类。
标题类解题策略
特点:
1. 醒目性:充分引发读者的阅读欲望。
2. 概括性:准确而又简短。
3. 针对性:标题外延与文章内容刚好相符。
方法:
1.中心句法:利用主题中心句中的主题词作标题。
2.整合法:将文章的写作对象和其主要特点、意义或影响整合后作标题。
文章大意类解题策略
特点:不同体裁文章主题句的常见位置不同,其作用各不相同。
位置:
1. 首段(新闻报道、说明文、议论文)。起到开宗明义,点明主题,使读者一开始就明白文章的内容及主旨。
2. 末段(记叙文、议论文)。起到照应开头、总结全文、升华主题的作用。在最后对全文进行概括和总结,进一步明确文章的中心思想,使作者的观点表达得更清楚。
3. 各段:各段主题句整合即文章大意。借助各个段落的主题句,然后对其进行概括和归纳,从而概括出文章的主题或中心思想。。
4. 高频词:当文章或段落中没有明确的主题句时,可以从段落中寻找反复出现的高频词,即中心词,也能提炼出文章的主旨大意。
5. 线索:记叙文类文章都有一个主线,如,一个有趣的人或一件难忘的事等。全文围绕该主线组织材料。分析文章的结构,把握文章的主线,即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系,即可归纳出文章的主旨大意。
正确选项特征:
1. 覆盖性强,覆盖全文或全段。
2. 范围不大也不小。
3. 精确性强,不改变语言的色彩和表达的程度。
错误选项特征:
1. 过于笼统,范围过大。
2. 以偏概全,主次不分。
3. 偷换概念,张冠李戴。
4. 无中生有,主观臆断。
【名校优选专项通关练】
1. (2024·浙江杭州·学军中学校考模拟预测)
Television has transformed politics in the United States by changing the way in which information is spread, by altering political campaigns, and by changing citizen’s patterns of response to politics. By giving citizens independent access to the candidates, television reduced the role of the political party in the selection of the major party candidates. By centering politics on the person of the candidate, television accelerated the citizen’s focus on character rather than issues.
Television has altered the forms of political communication as well. The messages on which most of us rely are briefer than they once were. The stump speech, a political speech given by traveling politicians and lasting 1 to 2 hours, which was popular in the nineteenth-century, has given way to the 30-second advertisement and the 10 second “sound bite” in broadcast news. Increasingly the audience for speeches is not that standing in front of the politician but rather the viewing audience who will hear and see a short video of the speech on the news.
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