Unit 1 Helping those in need 语法Grammar 动词不定式-2023-2024学年八年级英语下册单元重难点易错题精练（沪教牛津版）

Unit 1 Helping those in need 重点语法 动词不定式 （时间：40分钟，满分：100分） 在中考语法项目中，主要考查动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语。动词不定式由“to+动词原形” 构成，有时to省略，直接由动词原形构成。否定式由“not to+动词原形” 构成。 如：We decided to go on hiking though we were tired. 虽然我们很累，但是我们决定继续远足。 The girl tried not to wake up her mother. 这女孩尽量不吵醒她妈妈。 句子成分 用法 例句 作主语 谓语动词用单数形式，为避免＂头重脚轻＂常用it作形式主语。常用句型有： ①It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为＂做某事对某人来说是……＂。 ②It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为＂做某事花费某人多长时间＂ To master a language is not easy=It is not easy to master a language.学好一门语言是不容易的。 作宾语 常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：would like, want, like,hope, wish, plan，decide,learn, agree, try, remember, forget, expect, refuse,afford, prefer, continue, promise, begin, start 等think,find,believe等动词可用于＂动词+it+adj.+to do sth.＂句型中。it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的不定式。 I would like to make friends with you.我想要和你交朋友。 I find it difficult to pass my math exam.我发现要通过数学考试很难。 作定语 动词不定式放在名词、代词后作定语，两者之间常有逻辑上的动宾关系，因此，如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，后面应该加上相应的介词。常接不定式作定语的名词有：time, need, way, chance, opportunity, courage, reason, effort, determination, decision ,ability, ambition Can you give me a pen to write with?能给我一只用于书写的笔吗？ Do you have something to say?你有什么要说的吗？ 作状语 不定式常可用作状语，修饰动词，表示行为的目的、结果和原因。 To do a good job,we must have the right tools. 要干好活工具要对头。 作表语 放在系动词后作表语。 My dream is to be an engineer.我想成为一名工程师。 有些及物动词，接不定式作宾语补足语时（动词+sb.+do ），要省略to。这类及物动词常见的有： let 让 make 使 have 使 see 看见 watch 注视 hear 听到 notice 注意到 feel 感觉起来 被动语态中要还原to，如 make sb. do被动语态变为 sb. be made to do。 如：I saw him read in the library yesterday. 我昨天看到他在图书馆阅读 一、单项选择(本大题共50小题，每小题2分，共100分) 1．—You know I spent almost 2 hours _______ the way. —Yeah, it’s really hard for the strangers _______ the way. A．to find; to find B．to find; finding C．finding; to find D．finding; finding 2．—Why did Susan call you last night? —She invited me ________ dinner at her place. A．have B．had C．having D．to have 3．Governments have to make more efforts ________ pollution in towns and cities. A．reducing B．redu