专题06 词义猜测题（阅读理解题型通关）-2024年高考二轮复习满分策略精讲通关练

专题06 词义猜测题通关练 1. 词义猜测题解题策略 2. 名校优选专项通关练 【解题策略】 词义猜测题常常涉及高考词汇表要求之外的词。所画线的单词或短语，考核的并不是语法的熟练程度，也不是记忆力，而是对文章一个段落或一句话的整体把握和变通能力。此时，需要在一个段落，几句话甚至整篇文章中“左顾右盼”，看前后都发生了些什么；反复琢磨人物、事物或人物与事物之间的内在联系，才能最终解开迷雾，拨云见日。 解题策略 1. 构词法猜词义：根据构词法可以猜出文中由熟悉的单词派生、转化或合成的新词。 2. 逻辑法猜测词义：在阅读材料中，可以根据下定义、举例子、解释等猜测词义。即画线部分词后常带有stand for, mean, that is, namely, refer to, in other words等词或破折号引出说明性的内容，有时候也会用定语从句或同位语等进行解释说明。还有的会用例子来说明画线部分的词义，应当关注下列词如，such as, for example, for instance, like， be called, be known as等词汇或破折号。 【典例】 She pointed out that famous faces had played a significant role in raising funds in recent years, and their energies had produced tangible results, such as enabling millions of children in poorer countries to attend school. What does the underlined word “tangible” in paragraph I probably mean? A． Definite. B．Complicated. C．Limited. D．Temporary. 【解析】划线词所在句中的“such as enabling millions of children in poorer countries to attend school”部分表明，名人们在慈善方面的努力取得了实在的成果，所以可以推测tangible意为“切实的，实在的”。故答案选A。 3. 标点符号猜测词义：有时作者会利用标点符号为生词提供解释，如，破折号、引号等。 【典例】 He needs to work 8 hours everyday. He will be on the night shift--from midnight to 8 a.m. next day. What’s the meaning of the underlined words? A. 开夜车 B. 夜班 C. 熬夜 D.晚上休息 4. 同义或反义关系猜测词义：有时在画线词前后会出现与之同义或反义的词语，可根据其熟悉的词语推知画线部分的意思。 5. 上下文联系猜测词义：任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是完全孤立的，都与句子所在的段落及整篇文章有联系。可以根据上下文提供的线索进行合乎逻辑的综合分析。 【典例】 Human music has been sent to the heavens in 1977. Distant beings can in theory already enjoy Peruvian panpipes, a Navajo chant, Bach, Beethoven and more. But no previous offering, and perhaps no composition undertaken anywhere, has tried to encompass the entire diversity of human song. What does the underlined word “encompass" in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Include. B．Appreciate. C．Work out. D．Relate to. 【名校优选专项通关练】 1. （2023·河北·河北衡水中学模拟）Glover and her colleagues tested their hypothesis in the lab. In their experiment, they found that bees felt confused sometimes when the petals were very