内容正文:
专题一阅读理解
先检索·再加工
解答阅读理解题的最基本原则一忠于原文。其蕴含的解题规律是:读文时,要透彻理解文意,
充分从文中获取信息,这就是信息检索的过程:做题时,要依据题目设问并结合选项,对所检索出来
的信息进行整理、分析,这是对信息进行思维加工的过程。通过“检索”找到答题根源,通过“加工”
判定正确选项。
第一讲怎样“快”读文—把握“结构”知大意,“选择性”阅读省时力
考场上的阅读,不是逐词逐句的品读,而是扫读与精读相结合,有侧重点地“选择读”。怎样把控好“选择读”的
尺度,何处该扫读,何处该精读,这就关乎一个行文结构的问题,掌握了文章的常见行文结构,就能驾轻就熟地运用
“选择读”。常见的语篇结构大致可分为以下五种类型:故事叙述型、现象解释型、观点对比型、问题解决型和
结论解释型。下面主要介绍这五种语篇类型的结构与布局的一般规律。
类型(一)故事叙述型(常见文体:记叙文、夹叙夹议文)
开头(交代事件发生的时间、地,点、人物等)一展开(以时间颜序、空间变换为行文线索)
模式1
顺叙
结尾(依照事件的发生、发展和结局顺序来结尾/对事件进行分析或评价(选择性》)
开头(把事件的结局或事件中最突出的片段提到文章的开头来叙述)一展开(以人物活动的
模式2
倒叙
时间顺序、空间变换为行文线索)一结尾(对事件进行分析或评价(选择性》)
[典例](2023·新高$I卷·B前)
[1]When John Todd was a child,he loved to explore the woods around his
house,observing how nature solved problems.A dirty stream,for example,
开头
often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny
第一段介绍约翰·托德
creatures lived.When he got older,John started to wonder if this process could
从小就喜欢观察大自然
be used to clean up the messes people were making.
的自我修复能力,探究
[2]After studying agriculture,medicine,and fisheries in college,John went
怎样向大自然学习来
back to observing nature and asking questions.Why can certain plants trap
解读废弃物清理问题。
harmful bacteria()?Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals?
With the right combination of animals and plants,he figured,maybe he could
展开
clean up waste the way nature did.He decided to build what he would later call
第二至四段以时间为线
an eco-machine.
索讲述了大学时期经
[3]The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from
过专业的学习之后,约
some sludge ()First,he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks
翰结合自己从大自然
connected to each other.Then he went around to local ponds and streams and
中的观察所得,坚定理
brought back some plants and animals.He placed them in the tanks and waited.
念,通过实验找到了合
Little by little,these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed
适的生态组合,发明出
their own ecosystem.After a few weeks,John added the sludge.
了生态机器.第五段列
[4]He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the eco-machine
举了的瀚的发明及其理
t