Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【金版新学案】2023-2024学年新教材高一英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（译林版2020）

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage 过去分词作定语、状语和宾语补足语 [教材示例] 分析下列加黑部分并体会其语法特征。 1．Born in 1930，in Ningbo，Zhejiang Province，Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955. 2．The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteria. 3．He was intelligent and experienced enough to notice its potential，and his hard work and determination helped get its mass production started. [我的发现] 1．句1中的黑体词在句中作状语。 2．句2中的黑体词在句中作定语。 3．句3中的黑体词在句中作宾语补足语。 一、过去分词作定语 1．过去分词作定语时的意义 (1)及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成。 Trucks and buses were driven on gas carried in large bags on the roof. (表示被动) 卡车与公共汽车皆烧煤气，煤气装在车顶上的大袋子中。 The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon. (表示被动和完成) 会上提出的计划将很快被执行。 (2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语，它不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。 Our retired soccer coach went to watch us play a game last week. 上周我们已退休的足球教练去看我们打了一场比赛。 学生用书第100页 2．过去分词作定语时的位置 (1)前置定语 一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，放在所修饰词之前。 The polluted water was to blame for the spread of cholera. 被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。 [名师点津]　①有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后，如left (剩余的)，given (所给的)，concerned (有关的)等。 There are few tigers left. It is time for the departments concerned to take measures to protect them from dying out. 剩余的老虎不多了，是相关部门采取措施保护它们免遭灭绝的时候了。 ②如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等，单个分词放在被修饰词的后面。 Is there anything unsolved？还有什么没解决的吗？ (2)后置定语 过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。 Last Tuesday in a mountainous area，there were a total of 173 sheep killed almost immediately (＝which were killed almost immediately) when lightning struck. 上周二在一个山区，有173只羊在被闪电击中时即刻死亡。 二、过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、让步、条件、原因等，相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语为主句主语，且与主句主语构成被动关系。 1．时间状语 相当于时间状语从句；可在过去分词前加上连词“when, while, until” 等，使其时间意义更明确。 Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. (＝When it is seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.) 从山上看，这个公园非常美丽。 Don’t speak until spoken to. (＝Don’t speak until you are spoken to.) 当别人和你讲话时，你才能讲话。 2．原因状语 相当于原因状语从句或并列结构从句。 Touched by his teacher’s words, the boy cried. (＝The boy