内容正文:
Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
省略
[教材示例]
分析下列加黑部分并体会其语法特征。
1.You can watch it online if you want to.
2.I felt worried when watching the documentary.
3.Some call for the application of modern technology,and others a change of lifestyle.
[探究发现]
1.句1中包含省略的结构为 if you want to,省略内容为 watch it。
2.句2中包含省略的结构为 when watching,省略内容为 I was。
3.句3中包含省略的结构为and others a change of lifestyle,省略内容为 call for。
为了避免重复,突出关键词语,并使上下文紧密连接,在句子中有时就省去了一个或几个句子成分。这种语法现象就称为省略。
一、简单句中的省略
1.简略答语中的省略
(1)—Which book do you want?
——你想要哪一本书?
— (I want) The one on the desk.
——书桌上的那本。
(2)—Do you know how many species are disappearing nowadays on this planet?
——你知道地球上有多少物种将要消失吗?
—No,I don’t (know how many species are disappearing).
——我不知道。
2.感叹句中的省略
What a good time (we had) yesterday!
昨天我们玩得很开心!
二、并列句中的省略
1.省略共同的主语或宾语。
Mr. Smith picked up a coin on the road and (Mr. Smith) handed it to a policeman.
史密斯先生在路上拾起一枚硬币,并把它交给了一位警察。
2.若主语不同而其后的助动词相同,则省略后面的助动词。
Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.
杰克肯定一直在踢足球,玛丽在写作业。
3.若句子中前半句与后半句的主语与谓语动词相同,则省略后面的谓语成分。
His approach to solving the problem made me happy,but (made) Jim angry.
他解决该问题的方法使我高兴,但使吉姆愤怒。
I was born in winter in 1988 and Bob (was born in winter) in 1987.
我出生于 1988年冬天,鲍勃是 1987 年冬天。
三、复合句中的省略
1.省略主句
— Why didn’t you come to class yesterday?
——你昨天为什么没来上课?
— (I didn’t come to class yesterday) Because I was ill.
——因为我生病了。
2.宾语从句中的省略
(1)及物动词后接宾语从句时,连接词that一般可以省略;但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句,那么只有第一个that可以省略。
I believe (that) beauty comes from within.
我相信美丽来自内心。
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(2)when,where,how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。
She wants to learn English well,yet she doesn’t know how (she can learn it well).
她想学好英语,但她不知道怎样才能学好。
3.定语从句中的省略
(1)在限制性定语从句中,作宾语用的关系代词whom,which,that可省略(但whom,which紧跟在介词后时不能省略)。
The man (who/whom/that) you want to meet has come.你要见的人来了。
(2)修饰way的关系词that/in which可以省略。
Do you know the way (that/in which) work is measured?你知道衡量工作的方式吗?
4.状语从句中的省略
状语从句的主语和主句主语相同时,可以省略从句的主语和谓语部分或全部内容。
(1)时间状语从句中的省略
When (she was) very you