Lesson 4 语法填空 核心考点突破 非谓语 导学案-2024届上海高考英语语法专项课

Lesson 4 语法填空考点4：非谓语 知识点讲解 ★ 分词 1. 过去分词作定语，表完成/被动。 (1). 过去分词短语作定语，置于名词后 (leaves fallen from the tree) (2). 过去分词单词作定语，置于名词前 (broken hearts, fried chicken) 注意：有些单个过去分词习惯后置。如 left/ remained/ concerned 等。 e.g. He is the only person left. The memory remained (= the remaining memory) always reminds me of you. the department concerned 有关部门 2. 现在分词作定语，表主动/进行。 (1). 现在分词短语作定语，置于名词后 (2). 现在分词单词作定语，置于名词前 注意：现在分词与动名词作定语的区别。动名词作定语表用途。 e.g. 动名词 a swimming pool, a waiting room, a walking stick, a measuring tape, a sleeping car...； e.g. 现分 a sleeping child, a waiting man, a passing plane... 3. 现在分词/动名词有四种形式 一般式 doing 被动式 being done 完成式 having done（不作后置定语） 完成被动式 having been done（不作后置定语） 5. 过去分词只有一种形式：done 6. 分词作状语的写法步骤 （以现分为例，同样适用于过分、形容词、名词）： 1. 几个有逻辑关系的简单句，主语一致。 2. 一句做主体，不变；另几句去掉主语，主语后第一个动词变为 doing。 3. 如果 doing 为 being，being 可以省略。 拆分&整合： e.g. I felt hot. I jumped into the river. 整合→Feeling hot, I jumped into the river. e.g. Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into his house. 拆分→1. The man glanced at… 2.The man sadly picked up… 7. 分词作状语的时态语态 (1). 完成式：have/has/had done → having done e.g. He had completed a book. He had a holiday. 整合→Having completed the book, he had a holiday. (2). 否定式：don’t/ doesn’t/ didn’t do → not doing e.g. I didn’t want to wake her. I left the house silently. 整合→Not wanting to wake her, I left the house silently. (3). 否定+完成式：not having done e.g. Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter. 拆分→1.He hadn’t received an answer. 2.He decided to… (4). being 是否省略看场合： e.g. Being beaten by him, I called the police. 拆分→ 1. I was being beaten by him. 2.I called the police. 8. 分词作状语是对状语从句的升级 用分词作状语，是对状语从句的升级，升级后可省略状从的连词，所以分词可以表示各种状从的关系。还原时可补上连词，或拆分为几个简单句。 e.g. After we heard the joke, we started laughing. 整合→(After) Hearing the joke, we started laughing. e.g. (When) given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 拆分→When you are given…, you should… ★ 动名