2024年中考英语语法复习 知识清单+典型例题 被动语态 专题复习

2024中考英语语法复习 知识清单 典型例题 被动语态 专题复习 知识清单 一、被动语态的用法 1.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁 The book was published in 2005. 2.强调动作的承受者 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 3.出于委婉或礼貌等原因，避免提及动作执行者 We are given a lot of homework to do. 4.被动语态中的执行者常常由“by+执行者”引出 The window was broken by Jack last night. 二、被动语态的构成 常用时态 被动结构 例句 一般现在时 am/ is/ are+过去分词 These books are designed for children. 一般过去时 was/were+过去分词 A lot of flowers were planted along the street last month. 一般将来时 will/shall be+过去分词 am/ is/ are going to be+过去分词 The class meeting will be held next Saturday afternoon. 现在进行时 am/ is/ are+ being+过去分词 A new railway is being built. 过去进行时 was/were + being+过去分词 The road was being widened when I passed by the village. 现在完成时 have/ has been+过去分词 The work has been finished on time. 含情态动词 can/may/ must be+过去分词 Books can’t be taken out of the reading room . 三、主动形式表示被动含义 1.表示主语的性质、特征的动词，如: read, sell, wash, write等 The cloth washes well. (这种布料很容易洗。) 2.感官动词，如：smell, feel, taste, look, sound等 This piece of music sounds good. (这段音乐听起来不错。) 3.某些动词后用动名词的主动形式表达被动含义，如:need, want, require, worth等 need doing = need to be done The bike needs repairing. = The bike needs to be repaired. (这辆自行车需要修理。) 4.“主语+be+ adj. +to do”结构中，to do 用主动形式表达被动含义 The question is easy to answer. (这个问题容易回答。) 【拓展：被动形式表达主动含义的短语】 be seated坐着; be hidden躲藏; be lost迷路; be drunk喝醉; be dressed穿着 四、不能使用被动语态的情况[来源:Zxxk.Com] 1.不及物动词及不及物动词短语无被动，如：appear, disappear, die, fail, last(持续), happen, take place, break out, break down, belong to, come out等 A fire broke out during the night. (昨晚发生了火灾。) 2.系动词无被动，如：be, feel, sound, look, smell, taste等 Although he is 50 years old, he looks young.(尽管他已经50多岁了，但是他看上去很年轻。) 3.某些静态动词无被动，如：have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble等 My shoes don’t fit me. (我的鞋不合适。) 4.反身代词或相互代词作宾语的句子不能用被动语态 We have helped each other for over two years. (我们相互帮助有两年多了。) 典型例题 一、单项选择 1．— Will you go to Lisa’s housewarming party next Sunday?     — Well, if I ________, I will go on t