内容正文:
第三课时 主谓一致
主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致,一般遵循三个原则:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
考点一 语法一致原则
主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1.动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。
All the scientific evidence shows that increasing use of chemicals in farming is damaging our health.所有的科学证据都表明,在农业中使用越来越多的化学品正在危害着我们的健康。
Everything is in a complete mess,which drives people crazy.
所有的事情都毫无头绪,让人发疯。
What he said is far from the truth.
他的话与事实相差太远了。
2.主语后接介词短语或其他插入语,如with,together with,as well as,like,but,except,along with,rather than,including,in addition to等,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
Amy,as well as her brothers,was given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.上周埃米和她的哥哥们回到村庄时,受到了热烈的欢迎。
I think Tom,rather than you is to blame for the accident.我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。
3.and,both...and...连接两个不同的主语,谓语动词用复数形式。
Steam and ice are different forms of water.
蒸汽和冰是水的不同形式。
★名师点津:如果and连接两个单数可数名词或不可数名词,表示同一人、同一物或同一概念,或表示不可分的整体时,谓语动词用单数形式。
The writer and professor,who I often refer to at the meetings,is popular among those people.
我在会议上经常提到的那位作家兼教授,在那些人中很受欢迎。
4.定语从句中关系代词作主语时,从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。
This is one of the novels that have ever been written by Mo Yan.
这是莫言所写的小说之一。
She is the only one of the girls who sings well in class.
她是班里女生中唯一一个歌唱得很好的。
5.“many a/more than one+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。each,every,no所修饰的名词作主语时,即使有and连接,谓语动词仍用单数。
Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process. 很多父母都被迫经历了这一段痛苦的过程。
Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held on Sunday. 每个男生和女生都希望参加周日的聚会。
考点二 意义一致原则
意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数,主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1.集体名词作主语时,若被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若被看作是构成整体的一个个成员,谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有family,class,team,group,public,committee,government,audience等。
The whole class,which is made up of twenty boys and fifteen girls were told to stay behind after school to have an important meeting yesterday.这个班由20个男生和15个女生组成。昨天全班学生被告知放学后留下来开一个重要的会。
★名师点津:形式为单数但意义为复数概念的police,people等集合名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
The police are searching for the murderer in the mountain.警察正在山里搜寻杀人犯。
2.“分数/百分数/the majority+ of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表