内容正文:
Unit 1 Helping those in need单元语法讲练+专题过关
2023~2024学年八年级下册英语同步知识讲练
【动词不定式:to do】
1、 动词不定式的概念和基本形式
动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,又叫非谓语动词,它没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能做谓语;它由“to+动词原形”构成,这里的to是动词不定式符号,本身没有词义,其否定形式常在to前加not,即 not to do.
二、不定式的句法功能
1.动词不定式作主语。
①.可以直接作主语。如:To see is to believe.
②.在英语中,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。
常放在It is +adj.(形容词)+to do sth.或 It is +n.(名词)+to do sth.句型中, it仅作形式主语。
例句:It's wrong to play tricks on other people.
It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy.
【即时训练】
1.It is important for us ________ how to study all the subjects.
A.to know B.knew C.will know D.know
2.It ________ me about ten days ________ painting the walls.
A.took; to finish B.cost; finish
C.took; finishing D.spent; finish
3.(翻译句子)保护野生动物对我们来说很重要。(It’s important for... to do...)
2.动词不定式作宾语。
1.一些动词,如want, decide, hope, promise, offer, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, manage,refuse(拒绝)等,常接动词不定式作宾语(如want/decide/promise、refuse to do sth.等)。
例句:They offered to do voluntary work during the school holidays.
他们主动提出在学校放假期间做义务工作.
2.当动词不定式作宾语时,如果后接宾语补足语,常用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语之后。
例句:I find it interesting to fly kites in autumn. 我发现在秋天放风筝很有趣。
形式宾语 真正的宾语
3.注意:有些动词后面可接不定式作宾语,也可接动名词作宾语,所表达的意义也不同。如:
①.stop to do sth. 停止正在做的事,去做另一件事;(去做)
stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事;(不做)
②.go on to do sth. 做完一件事后,继续做另一件事;(不同)
go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事;(同一)
③.remember/forget to do sth. 记住/忘记去做某事;(未做)
remember/forget doing sth. 记得/忘记做过某事 ;(已做)
④. try to do sth. 设法、尽力做某事
try doing sth. 尝试做某事
⑤.regret to do sth. 遗憾要去做某事(未做)
regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事(已做)
4.特殊疑问词加不定式作宾语
不定式可以和疑问代词who, what, which及疑问副词when, how, where等连用,构成不定式短语,在句子中作know、decide、learn、remember 等动词的宾语。例如:
I don't know what to say. 我不知道说什么。
I can't decide which topic to choose. 我不能决定选哪个话题。
【即时训练】
1.Remember ________ the door when you leave the room.
A.close B.to close C.closing
2.Don’t forget ________ the