05.动词(短语)-2024年中考一轮复习英语语法基础复习与巩固

2024年中考一轮复习英语语法基础复习与巩固 动词（短语） 第一部分　动词的形式 一、动词第三人称单数的构成规律 (1)大多数动词在词尾加“-s”,“-s”在清辅音后发音为[s],在浊辅音及元音后发音为 [z]。如: ①stop—stops[s]; make—makes[s] ②read—reads[z]; play—plays[z] (2)以辅音字母加“y”结尾的动词,先将“y”变为“i”,然后再加“-es”,发音为[z]。如:fly—flies[z]; carry—carries[z]; study—studies[z] (3)以“s,x,ch,sh”结尾的动词,在词尾加“-es”,发音为[iz]。如:teach—teaches[iz]; watch—watches[iz] (4)以“o”结尾的动词,在词尾加“-es”,发音为[z]。如:go—goes[z];do—does[z] (5)特殊用法:have—has 【基础演练】 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.He often ____________ (walk) to work. 2.Alice always ____________ (do) her homework before dinner. 3.Mr Wang often ____________ (fix) desks and chairs for us. 4.My mom ____________ (have) two bikes. 5.My grandpa always ____________(grow) vegetables in spring. 二、动词的现在分词的构成规律 (1)一般在词尾加“-ing”。 如:go—going; play—playing; know—knowing (2)以不发音的字母“e”结尾的动词,去“e”再加“-ing”(去哑e)。 如:make—making; arrive—arriving; come—coming (3)以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写词尾的辅音字母,再加“-ing”(重闭单辅先双写)。 如:run—running; stop—stopping;begin—beginning (4)以“ie”结尾的动词,先将“ie”变为“y”,再加“-ing”(“ie”结尾先变“y”)。 如:die—dying; lie—lying 【提示】 现在分词的词尾“-ing”发音均为[ɪŋ]。 【基础演练】 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.Look! Two bears are ____________ (watch) TV in the living room. 2.Ben likes ____________ (ride) a bike to school. 3.There’s a pencil ____________(lie) on the ground. 4.Mark is ____________(walk) his dog in the park now. 三、动词的过去式及过去分词的构成规律 　(1)规则动词过去式构成规则 ①一般情况下,在动词原形后直接加“-ed”。 如:work—worked;play—played;want—wanted;ask—asked ②以不发音的字母“e”结尾的动词,在词尾直接加“-d”。 如:live—lived; move—moved; cause—caused ③以辅音字母加“y”结尾的动词,先把“y”变为“i”,再加“-ed”。 如:carry—carried; study—studied ④以重读闭音节或[r]音节结尾的动词,若词尾只有一个辅音字母,则双写该辅音字母,再加“-ed”。 如:stop—stopped; prefer—preferred 【注意】规则动词的过去分词与过去式一样。 (2)不规则动词归纳 ①ABB型不规则动词(A代表动词原形,BB代表过去式和过去分词相同) 原形特征 过去式 过去分词 例词 -eep -ept -ept keep, sweep, sleep -ell -old -old sell, tell -end -ent -ent lend, spend, send -ay -aid -aid say, pay -n -nt -nt burn, learn, mean — -ought -ought bring, buy, fight, think — -aught -aught catch, teach ②ABC型不规则动词 原形特征 过去式 过去分词 例词 -eak -oke -