09.动词的语态-2024年中考一轮复习英语语法基础复习与巩固

2024年中考一轮复习英语语法基础复习与巩固 动词语态 第一部分 核心知识 一、各种时态的被动语态的构成 　　被动语态是由“be+过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态通过be动词的变化来体现。be动词必须与主语的人称和数相一致。常见的被动结构有: 常用时态 被动结构 一般现在时 am/is/are+过去分词 一般过去时 was/were+过去分词 一般将来时 will/shall+ be+过去分词 现在进行时 am/is/are + being+过去分词 过去进行时 was/were + being+过去分词 现在完成时 have/has been+过去分词 过去完成时 had +been+过去分词 含情态动词 can/may/must/. . . + be+过去分词 English is widely used in the world. 英语在世界上被广泛使用。 He was given a gold watch yesterday. 昨天他得到了一块金表。 A new road will be built next year. 明年将修建一条新路。 Jim’s homework has been finished. 吉姆的作业已经完成了。 【图解示例】 【基础练习】 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空 1. Our classroom ____________(clean) every day. 2. Gunpowder ____________ (invent) by Sun Simiao. 3. Our new library may ____________(finish) next month. 4. My car ____________(drive) by Jack now. 5. My homework ____________(do) tomorrow. 6. Dinner ____________(prepare) for us by now.   7. She said these flowers ____________ already ____________(water) .   8. The girl said she ____________(interview) at the time yesterday. 二、主动语态变被动语态的方法 1. 主动语态变被动语态“三步骤” (1)宾变主:主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语; (2)变谓语:主动语态的谓语动词变为与被动语态的主语保持一致的被动结构; (3)主变宾:主动语态的主语变为“by+宾语”并置于被动语态的句末。“by+宾语”在口语中常省略。 如下图所示 2. 主动语态变为被动语态的两个特殊点 含双宾语的主动句变被动句 常把间接宾语变为被动句的主语,直接宾语位置不变 直接宾语作被动句的主语时,间接宾语前有时加介词to或for 含复合宾语的主动句变被动句 由形容词、名词作宾语补足语的主动句变被动句时,只需将宾语变为主语 在主动句中,不定式用作动词一感(feel),二听(hear、listen to),三让(have、make、let),四看(look at、see、notice、watch),半帮助(help)等的宾语补足语时,需省略不定式符号“to”,但变为被动句时,必须加上“to” 【基础练习】 将下列句子改为被动语态 1. I saw a stranger enter our library. __________________________________________________ 2. We can find a lot of differences between the two languages. __________________________________________________ 3. They told me that Jim would go back home soon. __________________________________________________ 4. My father bought me a new bike. __________________________________________________ 5. I have already thrown the bad food away. __________________________________________________ 【真题演练】 单项选择 1. (2023·天津中考) Some photos of the