题型04 词义猜测题（解题技巧）-备战2024年高考英语答题技巧与模板构建

题型04 词义猜测题 命题特点 词义猜测题在高考中出现次数通常是1题。根据上下文猜测生词含义或熟词生义是考生必须掌握的一项重要阅读技能。生词不是孤立封闭的，它出现的句子、段落，都会留下很多暗示和线索。根据生词与上下文之间的关系就可推测出生词的含义。 考查方向 题目类型包括代词指代题、单词或短语猜测题、句意猜测题。 词义猜测题解题解题模板 1. 词根词缀法：熟记一定数量的词根、前缀和后缀。 2. 同位解释法如：关键词mean, be, refer, be called, be known as或定语从句、同位语、逗号、破折号等后的内容解释说明画线词句的意思。 3. 逻辑关系法如：转折、举例、递进、对比、因果、选择关系等。 4. 上下求索找替代法；推敲代词所在句和前后相邻句中所代替的词语。 注意：在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。通过阅读定义或解释部分，读者便可理解该词或短语的意思。 命题点01 代词指代题 代词指代题旨在考查考生对文章的理解和把握能力。文章中的代词it, that, he, him, them等可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。需要运用“找替代法”认真阅读、仔细推敲代词所在句和前后相邻句，分析人称转换和动作变换的详细过程，弄清来龙去脉，从而准确推断其所指代的对象。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，需要认真查找；有时需要对前文提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的对象。 【典例01】 A 2010 law bad already banned smartphones during "all teaching activity" in France. But the new rules say smartphones and tablets are not allowed even during breaks. Students who bring these digital devices to school have to keep them in their backpacks and turned off, If they want to call their parents, schools will help. However, the new law doesn’t forbid students to turn to them during extra-curricular activities. It also makes an exception for disabled students. What does the underlined word "them" in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Disabled students. B．Digital devices. C．Backpacks. D．Students' parents. 【典例02】 Here’s one more tip from Dr. Gerba, who says our kitchen sink is probably dirtier than our toilet. “If an alien came from space and studied the bacterial counts, he probably would conclude he should wash his hands in your toilet and go to the bathroom in your sink.” He says that’s because the kitchen sink is a great place where E. coli(大肠杆菌)to live and grow since it’s wet and damp. Bacteria feed on the food that people put down the drain or—that’s left on dishes in the sink. To reset your sink’s bacteria count back to zero, you’d better regularly wash it with hot water and sanitize your sink with special chemicals. In fact, you may want to do it every day or before preparing din