(练习)课时分层作业15 UNIT 5 Section Ⅳ Developing ideas—Writing-【提分教练】2023-2024学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第四册(外研版2019)

课时分层作业(十五) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Why does Haiti so tend to have fatal earthquakes? Earthquakes have been causing huge damage in Haiti since at least the 18th century.The capital city has been destroyed twice in 19 years.The 21st century has been no more kind. The Earth's outer shell is made up of tectonic plates (构造板块) that move.Haiti sits near the crossing of two tectonic plates that make up the Earth's outer shell.Earthquakes can occur when those plates move against each other and create friction (摩擦力)． Haiti is also overpopulated.Plus，many of its buildings are designed to resist hurricanes but not earthquakes.Those buildings can survive strong winds but are easy to fall down when the ground shakes.Poor building practices can also play a role. “I think it's important to recognise that there's no such thing as a natural disaster，” said Wendy Bohon，a geologist.“What you have is a natural disaster that comes with a weak architecture system.We do know that earthquakes like this can cause huge damage because of the fault，” said Wendy.“And it's quite a significant risk in places that don't have the construction practices to resist the shaking.” Construction of more earthquake-resistant buildings remains a challenge in Haiti，which is the poorest nation in the Western Hemisphere.“While there have been some success stories of Haitians building more earthquake-resistant structures，the country has lacked a centralized effort to do so，” said Mark Schuller，a professor of anthropology and non-profit and NGO studies at Northern Illinois University.Haiti's government has become increasingly weak，while non-governmental organisations only focus on their own projects. “There is technical knowledge in Haiti.There are trained architects.There are city planners.That's not the problem，” Schuller said.“The problem is a lack of funding for coordination (协调)，and lack of political will from donors to organisations providing aid.” 1．Which factor causing the huge damage is highlighted? A．Its overpopulation. B．Its weak government. C．Its geographical location. D．Its weak architecture system. 2．What does the underlined part “the fault” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．Lacking political will to provide aid. B．Lacking hurricane-resistant buildings. C．Lacking earthquake-resistant buildings. D．Sitting on the crossing of two tectonic plates. 3．What's Schuller's attitude towards Haiti's government? A．Supportive.　　　 B．Critical. C．Indifferent. D．Interested. 4．Which of the following can be a problem according to the last paragraph? A．Fund and will. B．Skilled architects. C．Urban designers. D．Technology and money. B Elephants are truly incredible (难以置信的) animals.August 12 is World Elephant Day，which means to help save elephants.What do you know about elephants? Here are some facts you may not know. We know that elephants are large.But do you know that elephants often avoid eating a type of acacia tree (金合欢树)? Because it is home to ants and an elephant doesn't want to get the ants inside its trunk.Its trunk is full of sensitive endings. Female elephants live in groups of about 15 elephants.The oldest in the group is the leader.She not only decides when and where they move but also determines when they rest all the year.Male elephants leave the female group between the age of 12 and 15.But they aren't loners (孤独者)．They live in all-male groups. Asian elephants don't run.Running requires lifting all four feet at once.But elephants filmed in Thailand always keep at least two on the ground at all times. Elephants have passed the mirror test.They recognise themselves in a mirror.According to tests，great apes，and dolphins also have this ability. Elephants can get sunburned so they can take care to protect themselves.“Elephants will throw sand on their backs and on their heads to keep them from getting sunburned and to keep bugs off，” said Tony Barthel，working at the Smithsonian's National Zoo.How do elephants protect their young? Adult elephants will put them in sand and then they will stand over the little ones as they sleep. Some farmers in Kenya protect their fields from elephants by lining the borders with beehives (蜂箱)．Not only are their crops saved，but the farmers also get some more money from the honey. 5．For what purpose is World Elephant Day designed? A．To show some facts about elephants. B．To introduce Asian elephants' features. C．To call on people to protect elephants. D．To tell people some animals are in danger. 6．Why are elephants unwilling to eat acacia trees? A．Because acacia trees are too tall to reach. B．Because fruit on acacia trees is hard to eat. C．Because elephants are sensitive to acacia trees. D．Because elephants' trunks are easily hurt by ants in the trees. 7．What do we infer about male elephants? A．They can run faster than female ones. B．They live with female elephants at an early age. C．They decide where and when their groups move. D．The strongest male elephant is chosen as their leader. 8．How do elephants protect their young kids? A．By guarding kids when kids sleep. B．By putting some sand on kids' heads. C．By using their trunks to keep bugs off. D．By patting kids' backs from time to time. Ⅱ.应用文写作 假定你是李华，你的新西兰笔友Fred发来邮件，说他对大自然中的一些未解之谜很感兴趣，并希望你能把你了解的未解之谜介绍给他。请给他回复邮件，介绍喜马拉雅山的“雪人(Yeti)”，内容包括： 1.传说他们体型巨大，全身长毛，能像人一样行走； 2.科学家曾发现“雪人”的毛发和脚印，猜想他们是古老北极熊的后代(descendant)； 3.研究结论：尚无科学证据证实其真实存在。 注意：1．词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Fred， At your request，I'm writing to introduce the Yeti，a mysterious wild creature found in the Himalayas，to you. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ That's what I know about the Yeti and I hope you will be interested in it. Yours， Li Hua 4/4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时分层作业(十五) Ⅰ. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 D C B A C D B A Ⅱ.[参考范文] Dear Fred， At your request，I'm writing to introduce the Yeti，a mysterious wild creature found in the Himalayas，to you. The Yetis are said to be large，hairy animals with the ability to walk like human beings.So far，scientists have made several scientific searches for the Yetis but they only found some indirect evidence such as hair and footprints，which made them guess the Yetis might be the descendants of ancient polar bears.Though there have been various statements and arguments about the real existence of the Yeti，no scientific evidence has proved it.People still hope to throw some light on this mystery. That's what I know about the Yeti and I hope you will be interested in it. Yours， Li Hua Ⅰ.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海地频繁爆发毁灭性地震的原因。 1．D　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Plus，many of its buildings are designed to resist hurricanes but not earthquakes.”以及第四段中的“earthquakes like this can cause huge damage... the construction practices to resist the shaking”可知，海地造成巨大损失的因素之一是其建筑体系非常脆弱。故选D项。] 2．C　[推理判断题。根据画线部分上文“What you have is a natural disaster that comes with a weak architecture system.”以及“earthquakes like this can cause huge damage”以及下文“it's quite a significant risk in places that don't have the construction practices to resist the shaking”可推知，此处指当一场自然灾难碰上一个脆弱的建筑系统，才是真的灾难。正是因为这个错误(缺少抗震的建筑)才导致地震产生如此大的破坏。所以画线部分“the fault”指代的是“缺少抗震的建筑”。故选C项。] 3．B　[观点态度题。根据第五段最后一句可知，政府在提高建筑系统抗震方面不作为，非政府组织又各行其是。结合Schuller说的话可推知，Schuller对政府是持批判态度的。故选B项。] 4．A　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The problem is a lack of funding for coordination，and lack of political will from donors to organisations providing aid.”可知，海地要建造抗震建筑，资金和决心可能是问题。故选A项。] 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是人们可能不知道的关于大象的事实。 5．C　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“August 12 is World Elephant Day，which means to help save elephants.”可知，世界大象日旨在呼吁人们保护大象，故选C。] 6．D　[推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，大象不愿意吃金合欢树是因为大象的鼻子很容易被树上的蚂蚁弄伤，故选D。] 7．B　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Male elephants leave the female group between the age of 12 and 15.”可推知，公象在很小的时候和母象生活在一起，故选B。] 8．A　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“How do elephants protect their young? Adult elephants... as they sleep.”可知，大象在小象睡觉的时候保护小象，故选A。] 1/2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$