内容正文:
English grammar – the use of verbs 英语语法——动词的使用 (pre-class study预习 自学)
1. review 回顾上节课的内容
2. Exercises & knowledge 练习和知“道”:
1) Some classmates _____________ (ask) by the teacher to help me then.
答案为A、谓语 B、非谓语 动词,在句中作_______语——依据:在主语之____、(宾语之前)、且句中没有其它动词作谓语。谓语动词需要注意_____态 (一般现在时/一般过去时…)、_____态 (主动/被动)、单复数和人称。(什么是谓语动词?在主语之后、主要说明主语的动作行为或状态的动词)
2) ________ (see) is believing = __________ (see) is to believe. 眼见为实。
答案是A、谓语 B、非谓语 动词——依据:句子已经有谓语动词,其它动词如果不能作谓语,则作非谓语。非谓语动词有____种形式: __________, _________, to do;例中的doing和to do在谓语动词前作句子的__________语;(过去分词done不能作主语,需要加being在前, 如:Being hurt by others can be terrible.——其实已经是doing作主语了) 动名词doing和不定式 to do 可以直接作主语——doing表示经常的行为,to do表示某一次具体行为,也表示将来、目的。有时会用____作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的doing或to do,如: It is no good crying. It is nice to see you.
3) I enjoy _____________ (learn) English.
I decide _____________ (learn) English well.
Do you mind _______________ (ask) by me?
答案都是A、谓语 B、非谓语 动词,在句中作(谓语动词的)_______语;动名词doing和不定式to do可以直接作宾语——有时与某类动词搭配,如avoid doing sth. (避免做某事), promise to do sth. (承诺做某事), 详见part 3, page 13, book 4. 过去分词done不能直接作宾语,需要在前面加being,如:He enjoys being listened to.——其实已经是doing作宾语了。注意:1. 有时候用_____作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的doing或to do,如: I think it no use crying. I find it easy to speak English. 2.“有些形容词跟to do作宾语”(有人认为是状语,如原因状语,或者是一种常见、固定的句型、用法),如:I am afraid to do that. The job is easy to do.
4) There is a ________________ (swim) pool in his house.
I saw a ______________ (break) bottle on the ground.
I have something _____________ (do) tonight.
答案为A、谓语 B、非谓语 动词,在句中修饰名词/代词、作名词的_______语——依据:句中已经有谓语动词,其余的动词形态不是谓语、而且修饰名词/代词,所以是_______语;doing、done和to do作定语的区别:doing 表示主动(+功能、属性)和/或正在发生; 过去分词表示__________和/或______________; to do一般表示将来、目的.
5) Tom came in, ______________ (smile).
Tom came in, ______________ (follow) by a girl.
Tom got up early _____________ (catch) the first bus.
答案都是A、谓语 B、非谓语 动词,在句中修饰谓语动词(动作行为)作_______语——依据:句中已经有_____语动词,其余的动词没有连词连接——不能并列作谓语——只能作非谓语。doing、done和to do作状语的区别:doing 表示__________和/或______________; done表示被动和/