阅读理解的结构化整理（议论文）学案 2024届高考英语二轮复习

阅读理解的结构化整理（议论文） 一、议论文结构 名词解释 1. 立论：提出看法；确立论点（论点、论据、论证过程） 2. 驳论：通过揭露和驳斥错误的、反动的论点来确立自己的论点，驳论的作用在于“破”，即辨别是非，驳斥错误的观点，同时树立正确的观点。 3. 归纳法（inductive）：利用特殊推断出普遍 4. 演绎法（deductive）：利用普遍推断出特殊 二、议论文的分层讨论 典例分析 （一） （2022·全国甲卷）Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries. Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they? In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others. A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not. Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.” （1）第一段： （2）第二段： （3）第三段： （4）第四段： （5）第五段： 1．What does the author think of victors' standards for joining th