阅读理解的结构化整理（说明文1）学案-2024届高三英语二轮复习

阅读理解的结构化整理（说明文1） 一、说明文结构 1. 总分式 （1）总-分（无结尾）：《苏州园林》 （2）总-分-总：《故宫博物馆》 （3）分-总 2. 并列式 文章没有主次轻重之分：《论读书》，三个部分分别谈到了读书的目的、读书的方法、读书的好处。 3. 连贯式 各层之间按照事物发展过程安排层次，（时间为线索）前后互相承接。 4. 递进式 各层之间的关系是由浅入深、由表及里、由现象到本质。各层之间的关系是递进的。如《向沙漠进军》。递进结构的主要形式有： ①现象——本质； ②特点——用途； ③原因——结果； ④整体——部分； ⑤主要——次要； ⑥概括——具体。 二、说明一项发明或发现 结构分析 典例分析 （2022·吉林·东北师范大学）A joint research team recently have developed a new electronic skin that is similar to human skin in strength, durability and sensitivity. The skin or e-skin may play an important role in next-generation personalized medicine, soft robotics and artificial intelligence. “The ideal e-skin will mimic (模仿) the many natural functions of human skin, such as sensing temperature and touch, accurately and in real time,” says leading researcher Yichen Cai. However, making suitably flexible electronics that can perform such delicate tasks while also used repeatedly is challenging, and each material involved must be carefully engineered. Most e-skins are made by putting an active sensor on the surface that attaches to human skin. However, the connection between them is often too weak, which reduces the durability and sensitivity of the material; otherwise, if it is too strong, it won’t be flexible enough, making it more likely to break the circuit. “The landscape of skin electronics keeps shifting at a remarkable pace,” says Cai. “The discovery of 2D sensors has accelerated efforts to turn these quite thin but strong materials into functional, durable artificial skins.” The new man-made skin built by the researchers could sense objects from 20 centimeters away. It could further make a quick response when touched in less than one tenth of a second. “It is a striking achievement for an e-skin to maintain toughness after repeated use,” said Shen, “which mimics the softness and rapid recovery of human skin.” This type of e-skin could monitor a range of biological information, such as changes in blood pressure, which can be detected from movements of arms and legs