高考英语语法词汇专项突破：11非谓语动词易错考点变式对比与解析

高考英语语法词汇专项突破：非谓语动词易错考点变式对比与解析 考情速递 非谓语动词一直是历年高考英语的热点和难点，本文结合相关高考真题对部分非谓语动词的考查热点通过对比的方式进行解读。 Group 1 (1) When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 66 (cool) the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night. (XXXX新课标全国卷II语法填空题) (2) When a lake cools, the  (cool) water at the surface flows to the bottom because of its greater density. (3) The motor is allowed to start up only when the water  (cool) tank has been full of water. 【参考答案】(1) to cool (2) cooled (3) cooling  【考点设置】①不定式的固定结构；②动名词作定语；③过去分词作定语 【思路点拨】题(1)根据enough看出是enough+to do结构。现在分词作结果状语表示符合逻辑的结果，不定式表示结果常与only连用表示出乎意料的结果，或者用于too..to…, enough to…, so…as to等结构中。题(2)由前面的状语看出水已经被cool，所以用过去分词作前置定语，句意是：当湖泊降温时，湖面的冷水，由于密度较大而流向湖底。题(3)根据full of water看出cool是tank的用途，用动名词作定语，句意是：电动机只有在冷却水箱中充满水后才允许起动。 【考例】（2023▪全国乙卷）From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully (build) system of ring roads. 答案与解析：built。考查非谓语动词过去分词作定语。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿，它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园，即使是在它的布局上，这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语，表示“精心建造的……”，和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系，用过去分词。故填built。 Group 2 (1) Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people 70 (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. (XXXX新课标全国卷I语法填空题) (2) Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she were (live) there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often. (改编自XXX2安徽卷31) (3) According to the literary review, Shakespeare makes his charities (live) live through their language in his plays. (改编自XXXX福建卷35) 【参考答案】(1) living (2) to live (3) live 【考点设置】①现在分词作定语；②be to结构；③不定式作宾补省掉to的情况 【思路点拨】题(1)分词作定语，live是不及物动词，且与被修饰词people之间是主谓关系，用现在分词作定语。题(2)根据were和wouldn’t看出是虚拟语气，根据句意看出表示与将来事实相反的假设，if从句谓语动词用were to do结构。“be to +动词原形”中的be to用作情态习语, 这时的be to do表示 “计划”、“安排”、“义务”、“应该