内容正文:
高考英语语法词汇专项突破:聚焦逻辑主语与句子主语不一致的分词状语
一般来说,分词作状语要求与句子的主语保持逻辑上的一致。如果不一致,则用独立主格结构,或者是状语从句,相信这一点同学们都很清楚。但是也有一些作状语的分词与句子的逻辑主语不一致,也是正确的句子,这样的分词被称为垂悬但不致病分词。常见的情况有:与副词连用作评注性状语的分词;转变成介词的分词;转变成连词的分词。
一、作评注性状语的分词
现在分词speaking与一些副词连用,意思是“……说”,generally (broadly/ frankly/ strictly/ honestly/ personally) speaking 一般地(泛泛地/ 坦率地/ 严格地/ 诚实地/就个人来)说。如:
1. The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but whether he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.
一个人的智力极限,通常来说,出生时就已经定型了。但他是否能够达到这些极限则取决于他所处的环境。
2. Personally speaking, I am glad to be a heroic man.个人来说,我很愿意当一名英雄人物。
3. Strictly speaking, I’m his stepfather, not his father.
严格地说,我是他的继父,不是他的亲生父亲。
二、作介词的分词
(一)judging from (by)… 从……判断;根据……来判断。如:
1. Judging from the long queue in front of the cinema's ticket office, this movie is a great draw. 从影院售票处排起的长队来看, 这部电影非常叫座儿。
2. Judging from /by his accent, he must be from Hunan. 听他的口音,他准是湖南人。
(二)including 包括,包含。如:
1. There are 50 students in our class, including 15 girl students.
包括十五位女生在内,我们班有五十位同学。
比较:There are 50 students in our class, 15 girl students included.(独立主格结构)
2. All the railway officials, including the engine crew, had disappeared in the opposite direction. 所有铁路人员,包括机车组,都在对面消失了。
(三)considering…/taking…into consideration 就…….而论。如:
1. Taking everything into consideration, they ought to stay at home.
考虑到各种因素,他们应该呆在家里。
2. Considering the rate at which planets form, perhaps one with conditions suitable for life forms in our galaxy each year. 从行星的生成率来看,或许在我们的星系中每年会形成一颗适宜于生命的行星。
试比较:Considered to be one of the excellent students, he received scholarship this semester again. 他被认为是优秀学生之一,这学期又获得了奖学金。(consider “认为”, 过去分词作状语,与句子的主语保持逻辑上的一致。)
(四)following作为介词意思是“在……之后;经过”。如:
1. Following the conference, the methods were put into use on a wide scale.
会议之后,这些方法大大得到推动。
2. Following the victory over Japan, he went on with his scientific work.
抗日战争胜利后,他继续搞科研工作。
比较:The teacher came in, followed by a g